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title = "Get started with multi-host networking"
description = "Use overlay for multi-host networking"
keywords = ["Examples, Usage, network, docker, documentation, user guide, multihost, cluster"]
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# Get started with multi-host networking

This article uses an example to explain the basics of creating a multi-host
network. Docker Engine supports multi-host networking out-of-the-box through the
`overlay` network driver.  Unlike `bridge` networks, overlay networks require
some pre-existing conditions before you can create one:

* [Docker Engine running in swarm mode](#overlay-networking-and-swarm-mode)

OR

* [A cluster of hosts using a key value store](#overlay-networking-with-an-external-key-value-store)

## Overlay networking and swarm mode

Using docker engine running in [swarm mode](../../swarm/swarm-mode.md), you can create an overlay network on a manager node.

The swarm makes the overlay network available only to nodes in the swarm that
require it for a service. When you create a service that uses an overlay
network, the manager node automatically extends the overlay network to nodes
that run service tasks.

To learn more about running Docker Engine in swarm mode, refer to the
[Swarm mode overview](../../swarm/index.md).

The example below shows how to create a network and use it for a service from a manager node in the swarm:

```bash
# Create an overlay network `my-multi-host-network`.
$ docker network create \
  --driver overlay \
  --subnet 10.0.9.0/24 \
  my-multi-host-network

400g6bwzd68jizzdx5pgyoe95

# Create an nginx service and extend the my-multi-host-network to nodes where
# the service's tasks run.
$ docker service create --replicas 2 --network my-multi-host-network --name my-web nginx

716thylsndqma81j6kkkb5aus
```

Overlay networks for a swarm are not available to unmanaged containers. For more information refer to [Docker swarm mode overlay network security model](overlay-security-model.md).

See also [Attach services to an overlay network](../../swarm/networking.md). 

## Overlay networking with an external key-value store

To use an Docker engine with an external key-value store, you need the
following:

* Access to the key-value store. Docker supports Consul, Etcd, and ZooKeeper
(Distributed store) key-value stores.
* A cluster of hosts with connectivity to the key-value store.
* A properly configured Engine `daemon` on each host in the cluster.
* Hosts within the cluster must have unique hostnames because the key-value
store uses the hostnames to identify cluster members.

Though Docker Machine and Docker Swarm are not mandatory to experience Docker
multi-host networking with a key-value store, this example uses them to
illustrate how they are integrated. You'll use Machine to create both the
key-value store server and the host cluster. This example creates a swarm
cluster.

>**Note:** Docker Engine running in swarm mode is not compatible with networking
with an external key-value store.

### Prerequisites

Before you begin, make sure you have a system on your network with the latest
version of Docker Engine and Docker Machine installed. The example also relies
on VirtualBox. If you installed on a Mac or Windows with Docker Toolbox, you
have all of these installed already.

If you have not already done so, make sure you upgrade Docker Engine and Docker
Machine to the latest versions.


### Set up a key-value store

An overlay network requires a key-value store. The key-value store holds
information about the network state which includes discovery, networks,
endpoints, IP addresses, and more. Docker supports Consul, Etcd, and ZooKeeper
key-value stores. This example uses Consul.

1. Log into a system prepared with the prerequisite Docker Engine, Docker Machine, and VirtualBox software.

2. Provision a VirtualBox machine called `mh-keystore`.

		$ docker-machine create -d virtualbox mh-keystore

	When you provision a new machine, the process adds Docker Engine to the
	host. This means rather than installing Consul manually, you can create an
	instance using the [consul image from Docker
	Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/progrium/consul/). You'll do this in the next step.

3. Set your local environment to the `mh-keystore` machine.

		$  eval "$(docker-machine env mh-keystore)"

4. Start a `progrium/consul` container running on the `mh-keystore` machine.

		$  docker run -d \
			-p "8500:8500" \
			-h "consul" \
			progrium/consul -server -bootstrap

	The client starts a `progrium/consul` image running in the
	`mh-keystore` machine. The server is called `consul` and is
	listening on port `8500`.

5. Run the `docker ps` command to see the `consul` container.

		$ docker ps

		CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                                                            NAMES
		4d51392253b3        progrium/consul     "/bin/start -server -"   25 minutes ago      Up 25 minutes       53/tcp, 53/udp, 8300-8302/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8500->8500/tcp, 8400/tcp, 8301-8302/udp   admiring_panini

Keep your terminal open and move onto the next step.


### Create a Swarm cluster

In this step, you use `docker-machine` to provision the hosts for your network.
At this point, you won't actually create the network. You'll create several
machines in VirtualBox. One of the machines will act as the swarm master;
you'll create that first. As you create each host, you'll pass the Engine on
that machine options that are needed by the `overlay` network driver.

1. Create a swarm master.

		$ docker-machine create \
		-d virtualbox \
		--swarm --swarm-master \
		--swarm-discovery="consul://$(docker-machine ip mh-keystore):8500" \
		--engine-opt="cluster-store=consul://$(docker-machine ip mh-keystore):8500" \
		--engine-opt="cluster-advertise=eth1:2376" \
		mhs-demo0

	At creation time, you supply the Engine `daemon` with the ` --cluster-store` option. This option tells the Engine the location of the key-value store for the `overlay` network. The bash expansion `$(docker-machine ip mh-keystore)` resolves to the IP address of the Consul server you created in "STEP 1". The `--cluster-advertise` option advertises the machine on the network.

2. Create another host and add it to the swarm cluster.

		$ docker-machine create -d virtualbox \
			--swarm \
			--swarm-discovery="consul://$(docker-machine ip mh-keystore):8500" \
			--engine-opt="cluster-store=consul://$(docker-machine ip mh-keystore):8500" \
			--engine-opt="cluster-advertise=eth1:2376" \
		  mhs-demo1

3. List your machines to confirm they are all up and running.

		$ docker-machine ls

		NAME         ACTIVE   DRIVER       STATE     URL                         SWARM
		default      -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.100:2376
		mh-keystore  *        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.103:2376
		mhs-demo0    -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.104:2376   mhs-demo0 (master)
		mhs-demo1    -        virtualbox   Running   tcp://192.168.99.105:2376   mhs-demo0

At this point you have a set of hosts running on your network. You are ready to create a multi-host network for containers using these hosts.

Leave your terminal open and go onto the next step.

### Create the overlay Network

To create an overlay network

1. Set your docker environment to the swarm master.

		$ eval $(docker-machine env --swarm mhs-demo0)

	Using the `--swarm` flag with `docker-machine` restricts the `docker` commands to swarm information alone.

2. Use the `docker info` command to view the swarm.

		$ docker info

		Containers: 3
		Images: 2
		Role: primary
		Strategy: spread
		Filters: affinity, health, constraint, port, dependency
		Nodes: 2
		mhs-demo0: 192.168.99.104:2376
		└ Containers: 2
		└ Reserved CPUs: 0 / 1
		└ Reserved Memory: 0 B / 1.021 GiB
		└ Labels: executiondriver=native-0.2, kernelversion=4.1.10-boot2docker, operatingsystem=Boot2Docker 1.9.0 (TCL 6.4); master : 4187d2c - Wed Oct 14 14:00:28 UTC 2015, provider=virtualbox, storagedriver=aufs
		mhs-demo1: 192.168.99.105:2376
		└ Containers: 1
		└ Reserved CPUs: 0 / 1
		└ Reserved Memory: 0 B / 1.021 GiB
		└ Labels: executiondriver=native-0.2, kernelversion=4.1.10-boot2docker, operatingsystem=Boot2Docker 1.9.0 (TCL 6.4); master : 4187d2c - Wed Oct 14 14:00:28 UTC 2015, provider=virtualbox, storagedriver=aufs
		CPUs: 2
		Total Memory: 2.043 GiB
		Name: 30438ece0915

	From this information, you can see that you are running three containers and two images on the Master.

3. Create your `overlay` network.

		$ docker network create --driver overlay --subnet=10.0.9.0/24 my-net

	You only need to create the network on a single host in the cluster. In this case, you used the swarm master but you could easily have run it on any host in the cluster.

> **Note** : It is highly recommended to use the `--subnet` option when creating
> a network. If the `--subnet` is not specified, the docker daemon automatically
> chooses and assigns a subnet for the network and it could overlap with another subnet
> in your infrastructure that is not managed by docker. Such overlaps can cause
> connectivity issues or failures when containers are connected to that network.

4. Check that the network is running:

		$ docker network ls

		NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
		412c2496d0eb        mhs-demo1/host      host
		dd51763e6dd2        mhs-demo0/bridge    bridge
		6b07d0be843f        my-net              overlay
		b4234109bd9b        mhs-demo0/none      null
		1aeead6dd890        mhs-demo0/host      host
		d0bb78cbe7bd        mhs-demo1/bridge    bridge
		1c0eb8f69ebb        mhs-demo1/none      null

	As you are in the swarm master environment, you see all the networks on all
	the swarm agents: the default networks on each engine and the single overlay
	network. Notice that each `NETWORK ID` is unique.

5. Switch to each swarm agent in turn and list the networks.

		$ eval $(docker-machine env mhs-demo0)

		$ docker network ls

		NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
		6b07d0be843f        my-net              overlay
		dd51763e6dd2        bridge              bridge
		b4234109bd9b        none                null
		1aeead6dd890        host                host

		$ eval $(docker-machine env mhs-demo1)

		$ docker network ls

		NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
		d0bb78cbe7bd        bridge              bridge
		1c0eb8f69ebb        none                null
		412c2496d0eb        host                host
		6b07d0be843f        my-net              overlay

  Both agents report they have the `my-net` network with the `6b07d0be843f` ID.
	You now have a multi-host container network running!

### Run an application on your Network

Once your network is created, you can start a container on any of the hosts and it automatically is part of the network.

1. Point your environment to the swarm master.

		$ eval $(docker-machine env --swarm mhs-demo0)

2. Start an Nginx web server on the `mhs-demo0` instance.

		$ docker run -itd --name=web --network=my-net --env="constraint:node==mhs-demo0" nginx

4. Run a BusyBox instance on the `mhs-demo1` instance and get the contents of the Nginx server's home page.

		$ docker run -it --rm --network=my-net --env="constraint:node==mhs-demo1" busybox wget -O- http://web

		Unable to find image 'busybox:latest' locally
		latest: Pulling from library/busybox
		ab2b8a86ca6c: Pull complete
		2c5ac3f849df: Pull complete
		Digest: sha256:5551dbdfc48d66734d0f01cafee0952cb6e8eeecd1e2492240bf2fd9640c2279
		Status: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latest
		Connecting to web (10.0.0.2:80)
		<!DOCTYPE html>
		<html>
		<head>
		<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
		<style>
		body {
				width: 35em;
				margin: 0 auto;
				font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
		}
		</style>
		</head>
		<body>
		<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
		<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
		working. Further configuration is required.</p>

		<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
		<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
		Commercial support is available at
		<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

		<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
		</body>
		</html>
		-                    100% |*******************************|   612   0:00:00 ETA

### Check external connectivity

As you've seen, Docker's built-in overlay network driver provides out-of-the-box
connectivity between the containers on multiple hosts within the same network.
Additionally, containers connected to the multi-host network are automatically
connected to the `docker_gwbridge` network. This network allows the containers
to have external connectivity outside of their cluster.

1. Change your environment to the swarm agent.

		$ eval $(docker-machine env mhs-demo1)

2. View the `docker_gwbridge` network, by listing the networks.

		$ docker network ls

		NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
		6b07d0be843f        my-net              overlay
		dd51763e6dd2        bridge              bridge
		b4234109bd9b        none                null
		1aeead6dd890        host                host
		e1dbd5dff8be        docker_gwbridge     bridge

3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 on the swarm master.

		$ eval $(docker-machine env mhs-demo0)

		$ docker network ls

		NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER
		6b07d0be843f        my-net              overlay
		d0bb78cbe7bd        bridge              bridge
		1c0eb8f69ebb        none                null
		412c2496d0eb        host                host
		97102a22e8d2        docker_gwbridge     bridge

2. Check the Nginx container's network interfaces.

		$ docker exec web ip addr

		1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default
		link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
		inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
		inet6 ::1/128 scope host
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
		22: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1450 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
		link/ether 02:42:0a:00:09:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
		inet 10.0.9.3/24 scope global eth0
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
		inet6 fe80::42:aff:fe00:903/64 scope link
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
		24: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
		link/ether 02:42:ac:12:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
		inet 172.18.0.2/16 scope global eth1
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
		inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe12:2/64 scope link
		    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

	The `eth0` interface represents the container interface that is connected to
	the `my-net` overlay network. While the `eth1` interface represents the
	container interface that is connected to the `docker_gwbridge` network.

### Extra Credit with Docker Compose

Please refer to the Networking feature introduced in [Compose V2 format]
(https://docs.docker.com/compose/networking/) and execute the
multi-host networking scenario in the swarm cluster used above.

## Related information

* [Understand Docker container networks](index.md)
* [Work with network commands](work-with-networks.md)
* [Docker Swarm overview](https://docs.docker.com/swarm)
* [Docker Machine overview](https://docs.docker.com/machine)
