Merge pull request #5274 from thaJeztah/27.1_backport_compose_oom

[27.1 backport] Add OomScoreAdj to "docker service create" and "docker stack"

.github/workflows/e2e.yml

@@ -28,9 +28,8 @@ jobs:
           - alpine
           - debian
         engine-version:
-          - 27-rc # testing
-          - 26.1  # latest
-          - 25.0  # latest - 1
+          - 27.0  # latest
+          - 26.1  # latest - 1
           - 23.0  # mirantis lts
           # TODO(krissetto) 19.03 needs a look, doesn't work ubuntu 22.04 (cgroup errors). 
           # we could have a separate job that tests it against ubuntu 20.04

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os:
-          - macos-12
+          - macos-13  # macOS 13 on Intel
+          - macos-14  # macOS 14 on arm64 (Apple Silicon M1)
 #          - windows-2022 # FIXME: some tests are failing on the Windows runner, as well as on Appveyor since June 24, 2018: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/docker/cli/history
     steps:
       -
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
         name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: 1.21.11
+          go-version: 1.21.12
       -
         name: Test
         run: |

.github/workflows/validate-pr.yml

@@ -53,10 +53,16 @@ jobs:
       # Backports or PR that target a release branch directly should mention the target branch in the title, for example:
       # [X.Y backport] Some change that needs backporting to X.Y
       # [X.Y] Change directly targeting the X.Y branch
-      - name: Get branch from PR title
-        id: title_branch
-        run: echo "$PR_TITLE" | sed -n 's/^\[\([0-9]*\.[0-9]*\)[^]]*\].*/branch=\1/p' >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-
       - name: Check release branch
-        if: github.event.pull_request.base.ref != steps.title_branch.outputs.branch && !(github.event.pull_request.base.ref == 'master' && steps.title_branch.outputs.branch == '')
-        run: echo "::error::PR title suggests targetting the ${{ steps.title_branch.outputs.branch }} branch, but is opened against ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.ref }}" && exit 1
+        id: title_branch
+        run: |
+          # get the intended major version prefix ("[27.1 backport]" -> "27.") from the PR title.
+          [[ "$PR_TITLE" =~ ^\[([0-9]*\.)[^]]*\] ]] && branch="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+
+          # get major version prefix from the release branch ("27.x -> "27.")
+          [[ "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" =~ ^([0-9]*\.) ]] && target_branch="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}" || target_branch="$GITHUB_BASE_REF"
+
+          if [[ "$target_branch" != "$branch" ]] && ! [[ "$GITHUB_BASE_REF" == "master" && "$branch" == "" ]]; then
+              echo "::error::PR is opened against the $GITHUB_BASE_REF branch, but its title suggests otherwise."
+              exit 1
+          fi

Dockerfile

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ ARG BASE_VARIANT=alpine
 ARG ALPINE_VERSION=3.20
 ARG BASE_DEBIAN_DISTRO=bookworm
 
-ARG GO_VERSION=1.21.11
+ARG GO_VERSION=1.21.12
 ARG XX_VERSION=1.4.0
 ARG GOVERSIONINFO_VERSION=v1.3.0
 ARG GOTESTSUM_VERSION=v1.10.0
-ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.15.1
-ARG COMPOSE_VERSION=v2.28.0
+ARG BUILDX_VERSION=0.16.1
+ARG COMPOSE_VERSION=v2.29.0
 
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM tonistiigi/xx:${XX_VERSION} AS xx
 

Makefile

@@ -86,6 +86,16 @@ mod-outdated: ## check outdated dependencies
 authors: ## generate AUTHORS file from git history
 	scripts/docs/generate-authors.sh
 
+.PHONY: completion
+completion: binary
+completion: /etc/bash_completion.d/docker
+completion: ## generate and install the completion scripts
+
+.PHONY: /etc/bash_completion.d/docker
+/etc/bash_completion.d/docker: ## generate and install the bash-completion script
+	mkdir -p /etc/bash_completion.d
+	docker completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/docker
+
 .PHONY: manpages
 manpages: ## generate man pages from go source and markdown
 	scripts/docs/generate-man.sh

cli/command/builder/prune_test.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package builder
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
+	"io"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/internal/test"
@@ -19,5 +20,7 @@ func TestBuilderPromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	cmd := NewPruneCommand(cli)
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 }

cli/command/checkpoint/create_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestCheckpointCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newCreateCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/checkpoint/list_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestCheckpointListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newListCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/checkpoint/remove_test.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ func TestCheckpointRemoveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newRemoveCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/cli.go

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ func newAPIClientFromEndpoint(ep docker.Endpoint, configFile *configfile.ConfigF
 	if len(configFile.HTTPHeaders) > 0 {
 		opts = append(opts, client.WithHTTPHeaders(configFile.HTTPHeaders))
 	}
-	opts = append(opts, client.WithUserAgent(UserAgent()))
+	opts = append(opts, withCustomHeadersFromEnv(), client.WithUserAgent(UserAgent()))
 	return client.NewClientWithOpts(opts...)
 }
 

cli/command/cli_options.go

@@ -2,13 +2,18 @@ package command
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/csv"
 	"io"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
 	"github.com/moby/term"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
 // CLIOption is a functional argument to apply options to a [DockerCli]. These
@@ -108,3 +113,107 @@ func WithAPIClient(c client.APIClient) CLIOption {
 		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+// envOverrideHTTPHeaders is the name of the environment-variable that can be
+// used to set custom HTTP headers to be sent by the client. This environment
+// variable is the equivalent to the HttpHeaders field in the configuration
+// file.
+//
+// WARNING: If both config and environment-variable are set, the environment
+// variable currently overrides all headers set in the configuration file.
+// This behavior may change in a future update, as we are considering the
+// environment variable to be appending to existing headers (and to only
+// override headers with the same name).
+//
+// While this env-var allows for custom headers to be set, it does not allow
+// for built-in headers (such as "User-Agent", if set) to be overridden.
+// Also see [client.WithHTTPHeaders] and [client.WithUserAgent].
+//
+// This environment variable can be used in situations where headers must be
+// set for a specific invocation of the CLI, but should not be set by default,
+// and therefore cannot be set in the config-file.
+//
+// envOverrideHTTPHeaders accepts a comma-separated (CSV) list of key=value pairs,
+// where key must be a non-empty, valid MIME header format. Whitespaces surrounding
+// the key are trimmed, and the key is normalised. Whitespaces in values are
+// preserved, but "key=value" pairs with an empty value (e.g. "key=") are ignored.
+// Tuples without a "=" produce an error.
+//
+// It follows CSV rules for escaping, allowing "key=value" pairs to be quoted
+// if they must contain commas, which allows for multiple values for a single
+// header to be set. If a key is repeated in the list, later values override
+// prior values.
+//
+// For example, the following value:
+//
+//	one=one-value,"two=two,value","three= a value with whitespace  ",four=,five=five=one,five=five-two
+//
+// Produces four headers (four is omitted as it has an empty value set):
+//
+// - one (value is "one-value")
+// - two (value is "two,value")
+// - three (value is " a value with whitespace  ")
+// - five (value is "five-two", the later value has overridden the prior value)
+const envOverrideHTTPHeaders = "DOCKER_CUSTOM_HEADERS"
+
+// withCustomHeadersFromEnv overriding custom HTTP headers to be sent by the
+// client through the [envOverrideHTTPHeaders] environment-variable. This
+// environment variable is the equivalent to the HttpHeaders field in the
+// configuration file.
+//
+// WARNING: If both config and environment-variable are set, the environment-
+// variable currently overrides all headers set in the configuration file.
+// This behavior may change in a future update, as we are considering the
+// environment-variable to be appending to existing headers (and to only
+// override headers with the same name).
+//
+// TODO(thaJeztah): this is a client Option, and should be moved to the client. It is non-exported for that reason.
+func withCustomHeadersFromEnv() client.Opt {
+	return func(apiClient *client.Client) error {
+		value := os.Getenv(envOverrideHTTPHeaders)
+		if value == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		csvReader := csv.NewReader(strings.NewReader(value))
+		fields, err := csvReader.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errdefs.InvalidParameter(errors.Errorf("failed to parse custom headers from %s environment variable: value must be formatted as comma-separated key=value pairs", envOverrideHTTPHeaders))
+		}
+		if len(fields) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		env := map[string]string{}
+		for _, kv := range fields {
+			k, v, hasValue := strings.Cut(kv, "=")
+
+			// Only strip whitespace in keys; preserve whitespace in values.
+			k = strings.TrimSpace(k)
+
+			if k == "" {
+				return errdefs.InvalidParameter(errors.Errorf(`failed to set custom headers from %s environment variable: value contains a key=value pair with an empty key: '%s'`, envOverrideHTTPHeaders, kv))
+			}
+
+			// We don't currently allow empty key=value pairs, and produce an error.
+			// This is something we could allow in future (e.g. to read value
+			// from an environment variable with the same name). In the meantime,
+			// produce an error to prevent users from depending on this.
+			if !hasValue {
+				return errdefs.InvalidParameter(errors.Errorf(`failed to set custom headers from %s environment variable: missing "=" in key=value pair: '%s'`, envOverrideHTTPHeaders, kv))
+			}
+
+			env[http.CanonicalHeaderKey(k)] = v
+		}
+
+		if len(env) == 0 {
+			// We should probably not hit this case, as we don't skip values
+			// (only return errors), but we don't want to discard existing
+			// headers with an empty set.
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// TODO(thaJeztah): add a client.WithExtraHTTPHeaders() function to allow these headers to be _added_ to existing ones, instead of _replacing_
+		//  see https://github.com/docker/cli/pull/5098#issuecomment-2147403871  (when updating, also update the WARNING in the function and env-var GoDoc)
+		return client.WithHTTPHeaders(env)(apiClient)
+	}
+}

cli/command/cli_test.go

@@ -87,6 +87,41 @@ func TestNewAPIClientFromFlagsWithCustomHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.DeepEqual(t, received, expectedHeaders)
 }
 
+func TestNewAPIClientFromFlagsWithCustomHeadersFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	var received http.Header
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		received = r.Header.Clone()
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("OK"))
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+	host := strings.Replace(ts.URL, "http://", "tcp://", 1)
+	opts := &flags.ClientOptions{Hosts: []string{host}}
+	configFile := &configfile.ConfigFile{
+		HTTPHeaders: map[string]string{
+			"My-Header": "Custom-Value from config-file",
+		},
+	}
+
+	// envOverrideHTTPHeaders should override the HTTPHeaders from the config-file,
+	// so "My-Header" should not be present.
+	t.Setenv(envOverrideHTTPHeaders, `one=one-value,"two=two,value",three=,four=four-value,four=four-value-override`)
+	apiClient, err := NewAPIClientFromFlags(opts, configFile)
+	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, apiClient.DaemonHost(), host)
+	assert.Equal(t, apiClient.ClientVersion(), api.DefaultVersion)
+
+	expectedHeaders := http.Header{
+		"One":        []string{"one-value"},
+		"Two":        []string{"two,value"},
+		"Three":      []string{""},
+		"Four":       []string{"four-value-override"},
+		"User-Agent": []string{UserAgent()},
+	}
+	_, err = apiClient.Ping(context.Background())
+	assert.NilError(t, err)
+	assert.DeepEqual(t, received, expectedHeaders)
+}
+
 func TestNewAPIClientFromFlagsWithAPIVersionFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	customVersion := "v3.3.3"
 	t.Setenv("DOCKER_API_VERSION", customVersion)

cli/command/completion/functions.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package completion
 
 import (
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
@@ -106,6 +107,41 @@ func NetworkNames(dockerCLI APIClientProvider) ValidArgsFn {
 	}
 }
 
+// EnvVarNames offers completion for environment-variable names. This
+// completion can be used for "--env" and "--build-arg" flags, which
+// allow obtaining the value of the given environment-variable if present
+// in the local environment, so we only should complete the names of the
+// environment variables, and not their value. This also prevents the
+// completion script from printing values of environment variables
+// containing sensitive values.
+//
+// For example;
+//
+//	export MY_VAR=hello
+//	docker run --rm --env MY_VAR alpine printenv MY_VAR
+//	hello
+func EnvVarNames(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) (names []string, _ cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	envs := os.Environ()
+	names = make([]string, 0, len(envs))
+	for _, env := range envs {
+		name, _, _ := strings.Cut(env, "=")
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	return names, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
+}
+
+// FromList offers completion for the given list of options.
+func FromList(options ...string) ValidArgsFn {
+	return cobra.FixedCompletions(options, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp)
+}
+
+// FileNames is a convenience function to use [cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault],
+// which indicates to let the shell perform its default behavior after
+// completions have been provided.
+func FileNames(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
+}
+
 // NoComplete is used for commands where there's no relevant completion
 func NoComplete(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string, _ string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 	return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp

cli/command/config/create_test.go

@@ -43,14 +43,18 @@ func TestConfigCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newConfigCreateCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				configCreateFunc: tc.configCreateFunc,
-			}),
-		)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.expectedError, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newConfigCreateCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					configCreateFunc: tc.configCreateFunc,
+				}),
+			)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/config/inspect_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func TestConfigInspectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/config/ls_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestConfigListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/config/remove_test.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func TestConfigRemoveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ func TestConfigRemoveContinueAfterError(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newConfigRemoveCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs(names)
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), "error removing config: foo")
 	assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(names, removedConfigs))
 }

cli/command/container/attach_test.go

@@ -69,10 +69,14 @@ func TestNewAttachCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewAttachCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{inspectFunc: tc.containerInspectFunc}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewAttachCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{inspectFunc: tc.containerInspectFunc}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/container/completion.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/completion"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/container"
+	"github.com/moby/sys/signal"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+// allLinuxCapabilities is a list of all known Linux capabilities.
+//
+// This list was based on the containerd pkg/cap package;
+// https://github.com/containerd/containerd/blob/v1.7.19/pkg/cap/cap_linux.go#L133-L181
+//
+// TODO(thaJeztah): add descriptions, and enable descriptions for our completion scripts (cobra.CompletionOptions.DisableDescriptions is currently set to "true")
+var allLinuxCapabilities = []string{
+	"ALL", // magic value for "all capabilities"
+
+	// caps35 is the caps of kernel 3.5 (37 entries)
+	"CAP_CHOWN",            // 2.2
+	"CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE",     // 2.2
+	"CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH",  // 2.2
+	"CAP_FOWNER",           // 2.2
+	"CAP_FSETID",           // 2.2
+	"CAP_KILL",             // 2.2
+	"CAP_SETGID",           // 2.2
+	"CAP_SETUID",           // 2.2
+	"CAP_SETPCAP",          // 2.2
+	"CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE",  // 2.2
+	"CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE", // 2.2
+	"CAP_NET_BROADCAST",    // 2.2
+	"CAP_NET_ADMIN",        // 2.2
+	"CAP_NET_RAW",          // 2.2
+	"CAP_IPC_LOCK",         // 2.2
+	"CAP_IPC_OWNER",        // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_MODULE",       // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_RAWIO",        // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_CHROOT",       // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_PTRACE",       // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_PACCT",        // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_ADMIN",        // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_BOOT",         // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_NICE",         // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_RESOURCE",     // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_TIME",         // 2.2
+	"CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG",   // 2.2
+	"CAP_MKNOD",            // 2.4
+	"CAP_LEASE",            // 2.4
+	"CAP_AUDIT_WRITE",      // 2.6.11
+	"CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL",    // 2.6.11
+	"CAP_SETFCAP",          // 2.6.24
+	"CAP_MAC_OVERRIDE",     // 2.6.25
+	"CAP_MAC_ADMIN",        // 2.6.25
+	"CAP_SYSLOG",           // 2.6.37
+	"CAP_WAKE_ALARM",       // 3.0
+	"CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND",    // 3.5
+
+	// caps316 is the caps of kernel 3.16 (38 entries)
+	"CAP_AUDIT_READ",
+
+	// caps58 is the caps of kernel 5.8 (40 entries)
+	"CAP_PERFMON",
+	"CAP_BPF",
+
+	// caps59 is the caps of kernel 5.9 (41 entries)
+	"CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE",
+}
+
+// restartPolicies is a list of all valid restart-policies..
+//
+// TODO(thaJeztah): add descriptions, and enable descriptions for our completion scripts (cobra.CompletionOptions.DisableDescriptions is currently set to "true")
+var restartPolicies = []string{
+	string(container.RestartPolicyDisabled),
+	string(container.RestartPolicyAlways),
+	string(container.RestartPolicyOnFailure),
+	string(container.RestartPolicyUnlessStopped),
+}
+
+func completeLinuxCapabilityNames(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) (names []string, _ cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	return completion.FromList(allLinuxCapabilities...)(cmd, args, toComplete)
+}
+
+func completeRestartPolicies(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) (names []string, _ cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	return completion.FromList(restartPolicies...)(cmd, args, toComplete)
+}
+
+func completeSignals(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) (names []string, _ cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
+	// TODO(thaJeztah): do we want to provide the full list here, or a subset?
+	signalNames := make([]string, 0, len(signal.SignalMap))
+	for k := range signal.SignalMap {
+		signalNames = append(signalNames, k)
+	}
+	return completion.FromList(signalNames...)(cmd, args, toComplete)
+}

cli/command/container/cp_test.go

@@ -178,13 +178,14 @@ func TestSplitCpArg(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedContainer: "container",
 		},
 	}
-	for _, testcase := range testcases {
-		t.Run(testcase.doc, func(t *testing.T) {
-			skip.If(t, testcase.os != "" && testcase.os != runtime.GOOS)
+	for _, tc := range testcases {
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.doc, func(t *testing.T) {
+			skip.If(t, tc.os == "windows" && runtime.GOOS != "windows" || tc.os == "linux" && runtime.GOOS == "windows")
 
-			ctr, path := splitCpArg(testcase.path)
-			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(testcase.expectedContainer, ctr))
-			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(testcase.expectedPath, path))
+			ctr, path := splitCpArg(tc.path)
+			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(tc.expectedContainer, ctr))
+			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(tc.expectedPath, path))
 		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/container/create.go

@@ -77,6 +77,16 @@ func NewCreateCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	command.AddPlatformFlag(flags, &options.platform)
 	command.AddTrustVerificationFlags(flags, &options.untrusted, dockerCli.ContentTrustEnabled())
 	copts = addFlags(flags)
+
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("cap-add", completeLinuxCapabilityNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("cap-drop", completeLinuxCapabilityNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env", completion.EnvVarNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env-file", completion.FileNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("network", completion.NetworkNames(dockerCli))
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("pull", completion.FromList(PullImageAlways, PullImageMissing, PullImageNever))
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("restart", completeRestartPolicies)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("stop-signal", completeSignals)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("volumes-from", completion.ContainerNames(dockerCli, true))
 	return cmd
 }
 

cli/command/container/create_test.go

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ func TestNewCreateCommandWithContentTrustErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		fakeCLI.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
 		cmd := NewCreateCommand(fakeCLI)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		err := cmd.Execute()
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.expectedError)

cli/command/container/exec.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"os"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
@@ -79,12 +78,8 @@ func NewExecCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringVarP(&options.Workdir, "workdir", "w", "", "Working directory inside the container")
 	flags.SetAnnotation("workdir", "version", []string{"1.35"})
 
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env", func(*cobra.Command, []string, string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return os.Environ(), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-	})
-	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env-file", func(*cobra.Command, []string, string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-		return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault // _filedir
-	})
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env", completion.EnvVarNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env-file", completion.FileNames)
 
 	return cmd
 }

cli/command/container/export_test.go

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ func TestContainerExportOutputToIrregularFile(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	cmd := NewExportCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"-o", "/dev/random", "container"})
 
 	err := cmd.Execute()

cli/command/container/kill.go

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ func NewKillCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.signal, "signal", "s", "", "Signal to send to the container")
+
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("signal", completeSignals)
+
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ func runKill(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts *killOptions) erro
 		if err := <-errChan; err != nil {
 			errs = append(errs, err.Error())
 		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), name)
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Out(), name)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(errs) > 0 {

cli/command/container/list_test.go

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ func TestContainerListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/container/prune_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package container
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"io"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/internal/test"
@@ -20,5 +21,7 @@ func TestContainerPrunePromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	cmd := NewPruneCommand(cli)
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 }

cli/command/container/restart.go

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ func NewRestartCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.signal, "signal", "s", "", "Signal to send to the container")
 	flags.IntVarP(&opts.timeout, "time", "t", 0, "Seconds to wait before killing the container")
+
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("signal", completeSignals)
+
 	return cmd
 }
 

cli/command/container/rm_test.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func TestRemoveForce(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 			cmd := NewRmCommand(cli)
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 
 			err := cmd.Execute()

cli/command/container/run.go

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
 
@@ -70,22 +69,15 @@ func NewRunCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	command.AddTrustVerificationFlags(flags, &options.untrusted, dockerCli.ContentTrustEnabled())
 	copts = addFlags(flags)
 
-	cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(
-		"env",
-		func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-			return os.Environ(), cobra.ShellCompDirectiveNoFileComp
-		},
-	)
-	cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(
-		"env-file",
-		func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
-			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveDefault
-		},
-	)
-	cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(
-		"network",
-		completion.NetworkNames(dockerCli),
-	)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("cap-add", completeLinuxCapabilityNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("cap-drop", completeLinuxCapabilityNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env", completion.EnvVarNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("env-file", completion.FileNames)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("network", completion.NetworkNames(dockerCli))
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("pull", completion.FromList(PullImageAlways, PullImageMissing, PullImageNever))
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("restart", completeRestartPolicies)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("stop-signal", completeSignals)
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("volumes-from", completion.ContainerNames(dockerCli, true))
 	return cmd
 }
 
@@ -119,6 +111,8 @@ func runRun(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, flags *pflag.FlagSet, ro
 
 //nolint:gocyclo
 func runContainer(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, runOpts *runOptions, copts *containerOptions, containerCfg *containerConfig) error {
+	ctx = context.WithoutCancel(ctx)
+
 	config := containerCfg.Config
 	stdout, stderr := dockerCli.Out(), dockerCli.Err()
 	apiClient := dockerCli.Client()
@@ -178,6 +172,9 @@ func runContainer(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, runOpts *runOption
 			detachKeys = runOpts.detachKeys
 		}
 
+		// ctx should not be cancellable here, as this would kill the stream to the container
+		// and we want to keep the stream open until the process in the container exits or until
+		// the user forcefully terminates the CLI.
 		closeFn, err := attachContainer(ctx, dockerCli, containerID, &errCh, config, container.AttachOptions{
 			Stream:     true,
 			Stdin:      config.AttachStdin,

cli/command/container/run_test.go

@@ -127,23 +127,27 @@ func TestRunCommandWithContentTrustErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		fakeCLI := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			createContainerFunc: func(config *container.Config,
-				hostConfig *container.HostConfig,
-				networkingConfig *network.NetworkingConfig,
-				platform *specs.Platform,
-				containerName string,
-			) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
-				return container.CreateResponse{}, errors.New("shouldn't try to pull image")
-			},
-		}, test.EnableContentTrust)
-		fakeCLI.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
-		cmd := NewRunCommand(fakeCLI)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		err := cmd.Execute()
-		assert.Assert(t, err != nil)
-		assert.Assert(t, is.Contains(fakeCLI.ErrBuffer().String(), tc.expectedError))
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			fakeCLI := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				createContainerFunc: func(config *container.Config,
+					hostConfig *container.HostConfig,
+					networkingConfig *network.NetworkingConfig,
+					platform *specs.Platform,
+					containerName string,
+				) (container.CreateResponse, error) {
+					return container.CreateResponse{}, errors.New("shouldn't try to pull image")
+				},
+			}, test.EnableContentTrust)
+			fakeCLI.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
+			cmd := NewRunCommand(fakeCLI)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			assert.Assert(t, err != nil)
+			assert.Assert(t, is.Contains(fakeCLI.ErrBuffer().String(), tc.expectedError))
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/container/stop.go

@@ -43,6 +43,9 @@ func NewStopCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 	flags.StringVarP(&opts.signal, "signal", "s", "", "Signal to send to the container")
 	flags.IntVarP(&opts.timeout, "time", "t", 0, "Seconds to wait before killing the container")
+
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("signal", completeSignals)
+
 	return cmd
 }
 

cli/command/container/update.go

@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ func NewUpdateCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.Var(&options.cpus, "cpus", "Number of CPUs")
 	flags.SetAnnotation("cpus", "version", []string{"1.29"})
 
+	_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc("restart", completeRestartPolicies)
+
 	return cmd
 }
 

cli/command/image/build.go

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/docker/cli-docs-tool/annotation"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/image/build"
@@ -104,7 +105,7 @@ func NewBuildCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 		},
 		Annotations: map[string]string{
 			"category-top": "4",
-			"aliases":      "docker image build, docker build, docker buildx build, docker builder build",
+			"aliases":      "docker image build, docker build, docker builder build",
 		},
 		ValidArgsFunction: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string, toComplete string) ([]string, cobra.ShellCompDirective) {
 			return nil, cobra.ShellCompDirectiveFilterDirs
@@ -114,9 +115,12 @@ func NewBuildCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags := cmd.Flags()
 
 	flags.VarP(&options.tags, "tag", "t", `Name and optionally a tag in the "name:tag" format`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("tag", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#tag"})
 	flags.Var(&options.buildArgs, "build-arg", "Set build-time variables")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("build-arg", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#build-arg"})
 	flags.Var(options.ulimits, "ulimit", "Ulimit options")
 	flags.StringVarP(&options.dockerfileName, "file", "f", "", `Name of the Dockerfile (Default is "PATH/Dockerfile")`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("file", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#file"})
 	flags.VarP(&options.memory, "memory", "m", "Memory limit")
 	flags.Var(&options.memorySwap, "memory-swap", `Swap limit equal to memory plus swap: -1 to enable unlimited swap`)
 	flags.Var(&options.shmSize, "shm-size", `Size of "/dev/shm"`)
@@ -126,6 +130,7 @@ func NewBuildCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringVar(&options.cpuSetCpus, "cpuset-cpus", "", "CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.cpuSetMems, "cpuset-mems", "", "MEMs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1)")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.cgroupParent, "cgroup-parent", "", `Set the parent cgroup for the "RUN" instructions during build`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("cgroup-parent", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#cgroup-parent"})
 	flags.StringVar(&options.isolation, "isolation", "", "Container isolation technology")
 	flags.Var(&options.labels, "label", "Set metadata for an image")
 	flags.BoolVar(&options.noCache, "no-cache", false, "Do not use cache when building the image")
@@ -138,8 +143,11 @@ func NewBuildCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.StringSliceVar(&options.securityOpt, "security-opt", []string{}, "Security options")
 	flags.StringVar(&options.networkMode, "network", "default", "Set the networking mode for the RUN instructions during build")
 	flags.SetAnnotation("network", "version", []string{"1.25"})
+	flags.SetAnnotation("network", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#network"})
 	flags.Var(&options.extraHosts, "add-host", `Add a custom host-to-IP mapping ("host:ip")`)
+	flags.SetAnnotation("add-host", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#add-host"})
 	flags.StringVar(&options.target, "target", "", "Set the target build stage to build.")
+	flags.SetAnnotation("target", annotation.ExternalURL, []string{"https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/buildx/build/#target"})
 	flags.StringVar(&options.imageIDFile, "iidfile", "", "Write the image ID to the file")
 
 	command.AddTrustVerificationFlags(flags, &options.untrusted, dockerCli.ContentTrustEnabled())

cli/command/image/build_test.go

@@ -127,6 +127,7 @@ func TestRunBuildFromGitHubSpecialCase(t *testing.T) {
 	// Clone a small repo that exists so git doesn't prompt for credentials
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"github.com/docker/for-win"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "unable to prepare context")
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "docker-build-git")

cli/command/image/history.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
 	flagsHelper "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ func NewHistoryCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 			opts.image = args[0]
 			return runHistory(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, opts)
 		},
+		ValidArgsFunction: completion.ImageNames(dockerCli),
 		Annotations: map[string]string{
 			"aliases": "docker image history, docker history",
 		},

cli/command/image/history_test.go

@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@ func TestNewHistoryCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewHistoryCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageHistoryFunc: tc.imageHistoryFunc}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewHistoryCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageHistoryFunc: tc.imageHistoryFunc}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/image/import_test.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ func TestNewImportCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
 		cmd := NewImportCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageImportFunc: tc.imageImportFunc}))
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ func TestNewImportCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNewImportCommandInvalidFile(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := NewImportCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"testdata/import-command-success.unexistent-file"})
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), "testdata/import-command-success.unexistent-file")
 }
@@ -96,9 +98,13 @@ func TestNewImportCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewImportCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageImportFunc: tc.imageImportFunc}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewImportCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageImportFunc: tc.imageImportFunc}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/image/inspect.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/inspect"
 	flagsHelper "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ func newInspectCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 			opts.refs = args
 			return runInspect(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, opts)
 		},
+		ValidArgsFunction: completion.ImageNames(dockerCli),
 	}
 
 	flags := cmd.Flags()

cli/command/image/inspect_test.go

@@ -25,10 +25,14 @@ func TestNewInspectCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newInspectCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newInspectCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/image/list_test.go

@@ -35,10 +35,14 @@ func TestNewImagesCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewImagesCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageListFunc: tc.imageListFunc}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewImagesCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageListFunc: tc.imageListFunc}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -79,14 +83,18 @@ func TestNewImagesCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageListFunc: tc.imageListFunc})
-		cli.SetConfigFile(&configfile.ConfigFile{ImagesFormat: tc.imageFormat})
-		cmd := NewImagesCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		err := cmd.Execute()
-		assert.NilError(t, err)
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("list-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageListFunc: tc.imageListFunc})
+			cli.SetConfigFile(&configfile.ConfigFile{ImagesFormat: tc.imageFormat})
+			cmd := NewImagesCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("list-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/image/load_test.go

@@ -40,12 +40,16 @@ func TestNewLoadCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageLoadFunc: tc.imageLoadFunc})
-		cli.In().SetIsTerminal(tc.isTerminalIn)
-		cmd := NewLoadCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageLoadFunc: tc.imageLoadFunc})
+			cli.In().SetIsTerminal(tc.isTerminalIn)
+			cmd := NewLoadCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +57,7 @@ func TestNewLoadCommandInvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
 	expectedError := "open *"
 	cmd := NewLoadCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--input", "*"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, expectedError)
@@ -89,12 +94,15 @@ func TestNewLoadCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageLoadFunc: tc.imageLoadFunc})
-		cmd := NewLoadCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		err := cmd.Execute()
-		assert.NilError(t, err)
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("load-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageLoadFunc: tc.imageLoadFunc})
+			cmd := NewLoadCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("load-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/image/prune_test.go

@@ -39,12 +39,16 @@ func TestNewPruneCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewPruneCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			imagesPruneFunc: tc.imagesPruneFunc,
-		}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewPruneCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				imagesPruneFunc: tc.imagesPruneFunc,
+			}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -94,6 +98,7 @@ func TestNewPruneCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imagesPruneFunc: tc.imagesPruneFunc})
 			// when prompted, answer "Y" to confirm the prune.
@@ -119,5 +124,8 @@ func TestPrunePromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	cmd := NewPruneCommand(cli)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 }

cli/command/image/pull_test.go

@@ -38,11 +38,15 @@ func TestNewPullCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{})
-		cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{})
+			cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -69,18 +73,22 @@ func TestNewPullCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			imagePullFunc: func(ref string, options image.PullOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-				assert.Check(t, is.Equal(tc.expectedTag, ref), tc.name)
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), nil
-			},
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				imagePullFunc: func(ref string, options image.PullOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+					assert.Check(t, is.Equal(tc.expectedTag, ref), tc.name)
+					return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), nil
+				},
+			})
+			cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			assert.NilError(t, err)
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("pull-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		err := cmd.Execute()
-		assert.NilError(t, err)
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("pull-command-success.%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -111,16 +119,20 @@ func TestNewPullCommandWithContentTrustErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			imagePullFunc: func(ref string, options image.PullOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), errors.New("shouldn't try to pull image")
-			},
-		}, test.EnableContentTrust)
-		cli.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
-		cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		err := cmd.Execute()
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				imagePullFunc: func(ref string, options image.PullOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+					return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), errors.New("shouldn't try to pull image")
+				},
+			}, test.EnableContentTrust)
+			cli.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
+			cmd := NewPullCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, err, tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/image/push.go

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/platforms"
 	"github.com/distribution/reference"
@@ -58,8 +58,13 @@ func NewPushCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.all, "all-tags", "a", false, "Push all tags of an image to the repository")
 	flags.BoolVarP(&opts.quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Suppress verbose output")
 	command.AddTrustSigningFlags(flags, &opts.untrusted, dockerCli.ContentTrustEnabled())
-	flags.StringVar(&opts.platform, "platform", os.Getenv("DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM"),
+
+	// Don't default to DOCKER_DEFAULT_PLATFORM env variable, always default to
+	// pushing the image as-is. This also avoids forcing the platform selection
+	// on older APIs which don't support it.
+	flags.StringVar(&opts.platform, "platform", "",
 		`Push a platform-specific manifest as a single-platform image to the registry.
+Image index won't be pushed, meaning that other manifests, including attestations won't be preserved.
 'os[/arch[/variant]]': Explicit platform (eg. linux/amd64)`)
 	flags.SetAnnotation("platform", "version", []string{"1.46"})
 
@@ -79,9 +84,9 @@ func RunPush(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts pushOptions) error
 		}
 		platform = &p
 
-		printNote(dockerCli, `Selecting a single platform will only push one matching image manifest from a multi-platform image index.
-This means that any other components attached to the multi-platform image index (like Buildkit attestations) won't be pushed.
-If you want to only push a single platform image while preserving the attestations, please use 'docker convert\n'
+		printNote(dockerCli, `Using --platform pushes only the specified platform manifest of a multi-platform image index.
+Other components, like attestations, will not be included.
+To push the complete multi-platform image, remove the --platform flag.
 `)
 	}
 
@@ -179,9 +184,22 @@ func handleAux(dockerCli command.Cli) func(jm jsonmessage.JSONMessage) {
 
 func printNote(dockerCli command.Cli, format string, args ...any) {
 	if dockerCli.Err().IsTerminal() {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(dockerCli.Err(), aec.WhiteF.Apply(aec.CyanB.Apply("[ NOTE ]"))+" ")
-	} else {
-		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(dockerCli.Err(), "[ NOTE ] ")
+		format = strings.ReplaceAll(format, "--platform", aec.Bold.Apply("--platform"))
+	}
+
+	header := " Info -> "
+	padding := len(header)
+	if dockerCli.Err().IsTerminal() {
+		padding = len("i Info > ")
+		header = aec.Bold.Apply(aec.LightCyanB.Apply(aec.BlackF.Apply("i")) + " " + aec.LightCyanF.Apply("Info → "))
+	}
+
+	_, _ = fmt.Fprint(dockerCli.Err(), header)
+	s := fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)
+	for idx, line := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
+		if idx > 0 {
+			_, _ = fmt.Fprint(dockerCli.Err(), strings.Repeat(" ", padding))
+		}
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprintln(dockerCli.Err(), aec.Italic.Apply(line))
 	}
-	_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(dockerCli.Err(), aec.Bold.Apply(format)+"\n", args...)
 }

cli/command/image/push_test.go

@@ -38,11 +38,15 @@ func TestNewPushCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imagePushFunc: tc.imagePushFunc})
-		cmd := NewPushCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imagePushFunc: tc.imagePushFunc})
+			cmd := NewPushCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ func TestNewPushCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 			})
 			cmd := NewPushCommand(cli)
 			cmd.SetOut(cli.OutBuffer())
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
 			if tc.output != "" {

cli/command/image/remove.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/completion"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/image"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/errdefs"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -29,6 +30,7 @@ func NewRemoveCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 			return runRemove(cmd.Context(), dockerCli, opts, args)
 		},
+		ValidArgsFunction: completion.ImageNames(dockerCli),
 		Annotations: map[string]string{
 			"aliases": "docker image rm, docker image remove, docker rmi",
 		},

cli/command/image/remove_test.go

@@ -62,11 +62,13 @@ func TestNewRemoveCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cmd := NewRemoveCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
 				imageRemoveFunc: tc.imageRemoveFunc,
 			}))
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 		})
@@ -119,10 +121,12 @@ func TestNewRemoveCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageRemoveFunc: tc.imageRemoveFunc})
 			cmd := NewRemoveCommand(cli)
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
 			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(tc.expectedStderr, cli.ErrBuffer().String()))

cli/command/image/save_test.go

@@ -52,12 +52,16 @@ func TestNewSaveCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageSaveFunc: tc.imageSaveFunc})
-		cli.Out().SetIsTerminal(tc.isTerminal)
-		cmd := NewSaveCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{imageSaveFunc: tc.imageSaveFunc})
+			cli.Out().SetIsTerminal(tc.isTerminal)
+			cmd := NewSaveCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ func TestNewSaveCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), nil
 			},
 			deferredFunc: func() {
-				os.Remove("save_tmp_file")
+				_ = os.Remove("save_tmp_file")
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -92,16 +96,20 @@ func TestNewSaveCommandSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := NewSaveCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			imageSaveFunc: func(images []string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-				return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), nil
-			},
-		}))
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		if tc.deferredFunc != nil {
-			tc.deferredFunc()
-		}
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(strings.Join(tc.args, " "), func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := NewSaveCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				imageSaveFunc: func(images []string) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+					return io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("")), nil
+				},
+			}))
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			if tc.deferredFunc != nil {
+				tc.deferredFunc()
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/image/tag_test.go

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ func TestCliNewTagCommandErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := NewTagCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 		cmd.SetArgs(args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/manifest/annotate_test.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ func TestManifestAnnotateError(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newAnnotateCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ func TestManifestAnnotate(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newAnnotateCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/list:v1", "example.com/fake:0.0"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	expectedError := "manifest for image example.com/fake:0.0 does not exist"
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), expectedError)
 
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@ func TestManifestAnnotate(t *testing.T) {
 	err = cmd.Flags().Set("verbose", "true")
 	assert.NilError(t, err)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/list:v1", "example.com/alpine:3.0"})
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
 	actual := cli.OutBuffer()
 	expected := golden.Get(t, "inspect-annotate.golden")

cli/command/manifest/create_test.go

@@ -31,11 +31,15 @@ func TestManifestCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(nil)
-		cmd := newCreateListCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.expectedError, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(nil)
+			cmd := newCreateListCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -87,6 +91,7 @@ func TestManifestCreateRefuseAmend(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newCreateListCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/list:v1", "example.com/alpine:3.0"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	err = cmd.Execute()
 	assert.Error(t, err, "refusing to amend an existing manifest list with no --amend flag")
 }
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ func TestManifestCreateNoManifest(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newCreateListCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/list:v1", "example.com/alpine:3.0"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	assert.Error(t, err, "No such image: example.com/alpine:3.0")
 }

cli/command/manifest/inspect_test.go

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ func TestInspectCommandLocalManifestNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 	cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/list:v1", "example.com/alpine:3.0"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	assert.Error(t, err, "No such manifest: example.com/alpine:3.0")
@@ -91,6 +92,7 @@ func TestInspectCommandNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 	cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/alpine:3.0"})
 	err := cmd.Execute()
 	assert.Error(t, err, "No such manifest: example.com/alpine:3.0")

cli/command/manifest/push_test.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ func TestManifestPushErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newPushListCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/manifest/rm_test.go

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ func TestRmManifestNotCreated(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newRmManifestListCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"example.com/first:1", "example.com/second:2"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	err = cmd.Execute()
 	assert.Error(t, err, "No such manifest: example.com/first:1")
 

cli/command/network/connect_test.go

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func TestNetworkConnectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/network/create_test.go

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ func TestNetworkCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/network/disconnect_test.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ func TestNetworkDisconnectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/network/list_test.go

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ func TestNetworkListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			}),
 		)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -82,6 +83,7 @@ func TestNetworkList(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.doc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{networkListFunc: tc.networkListFunc})
 			cmd := newListCommand(cli)

cli/command/network/prune_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package network
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"io"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/docker/cli/internal/test"
@@ -20,5 +21,8 @@ func TestNetworkPrunePromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	})
 	cmd := NewPruneCommand(cli)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{})
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 }

cli/command/network/remove_test.go

@@ -114,5 +114,7 @@ func TestNetworkRemovePromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 	cmd := newRemoveCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"existing-network"})
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 }

cli/command/node/demote_test.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ func TestNodeDemoteErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/inspect_test.go

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ func TestNodeInspectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -105,13 +106,16 @@ func TestNodeInspectPretty(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			nodeInspectFunc: tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				nodeInspectFunc: tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs([]string{"nodeID"})
+			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set("pretty", "true"))
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("node-inspect-pretty.%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"nodeID"})
-		assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set("pretty", "true"))
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("node-inspect-pretty.%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/list_test.go

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ func TestNodeListErrorOnAPIFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 		cmd := newListCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/promote_test.go

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ func TestNodePromoteErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/ps_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func TestNodePsErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -133,19 +134,22 @@ func TestNodePs(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			infoFunc:           tc.infoFunc,
-			nodeInspectFunc:    tc.nodeInspectFunc,
-			taskInspectFunc:    tc.taskInspectFunc,
-			taskListFunc:       tc.taskListFunc,
-			serviceInspectFunc: tc.serviceInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				infoFunc:           tc.infoFunc,
+				nodeInspectFunc:    tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+				taskInspectFunc:    tc.taskInspectFunc,
+				taskListFunc:       tc.taskListFunc,
+				serviceInspectFunc: tc.serviceInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newPsCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("node-ps.%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newPsCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("node-ps.%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/remove_test.go

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ func TestNodeRemoveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/node/update_test.go

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ func TestNodeUpdateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/create_test.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ func TestCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newCreateCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ func TestCreateErrorOnFileAsContextDir(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newCreateCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"plugin-foo", tmpFile.Path()})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), "context must be a directory")
 }
 
@@ -64,6 +66,7 @@ func TestCreateErrorOnContextDirWithoutConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newCreateCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"plugin-foo", tmpDir.Path()})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 	expectedErr := "config.json: no such file or directory"
 	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
@@ -82,6 +85,7 @@ func TestCreateErrorOnInvalidConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newCreateCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"plugin-foo", tmpDir.Path()})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), "invalid")
 }
 
@@ -98,6 +102,7 @@ func TestCreateErrorFromDaemon(t *testing.T) {
 	}))
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"plugin-foo", tmpDir.Path()})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), "error creating plugin")
 }
 

cli/command/plugin/disable_test.go

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ func TestPluginDisableErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/enable_test.go

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ func TestPluginEnableErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/inspect_test.go

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ func TestInspectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInspectFunc: tc.inspectFunc})
 			cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ func TestInspectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 				cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
 			}
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 		})
 	}
@@ -136,6 +138,7 @@ func TestInspect(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInspectFunc: tc.inspectFunc})
 			cmd := newInspectCommand(cli)

cli/command/plugin/install_test.go

@@ -54,11 +54,15 @@ func TestInstallErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInstallFunc: tc.installFunc})
-		cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInstallFunc: tc.installFunc})
+			cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -90,16 +94,20 @@ func TestInstallContentTrustErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			pluginInstallFunc: func(name string, options types.PluginInstallOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-				return nil, errors.New("should not try to install plugin")
-			},
-		}, test.EnableContentTrust)
-		cli.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
-		cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				pluginInstallFunc: func(name string, options types.PluginInstallOptions) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
+					return nil, errors.New("should not try to install plugin")
+				},
+			}, test.EnableContentTrust)
+			cli.SetNotaryClient(tc.notaryFunc)
+			cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -130,10 +138,13 @@ func TestInstall(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInstallFunc: tc.installFunc})
-		cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		assert.Check(t, strings.Contains(cli.OutBuffer().String(), tc.expectedOutput))
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginInstallFunc: tc.installFunc})
+			cmd := newInstallCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			assert.Check(t, strings.Contains(cli.OutBuffer().String(), tc.expectedOutput))
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/list_test.go

@@ -46,14 +46,18 @@ func TestListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginListFunc: tc.listFunc})
-		cmd := newListCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
-		}
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginListFunc: tc.listFunc})
+			cmd := newListCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
+			}
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -162,13 +166,16 @@ func TestList(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginListFunc: tc.listFunc})
-		cmd := newListCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
-		}
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), tc.golden)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.description, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{pluginListFunc: tc.listFunc})
+			cmd := newListCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), tc.golden)
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/remove_test.go

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ func TestRemoveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		cmd := newRemoveCommand(cli)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/plugin/upgrade_test.go

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ func TestUpgradePromptTermination(t *testing.T) {
 	// need to set a remote address that does not match the plugin
 	// reference sent by the `pluginInspectFunc`
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"foo/bar", "localhost:5000/foo/bar:v1.0.0"})
+	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	test.TerminatePrompt(ctx, t, cmd, cli)
 	golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), "plugin-upgrade-terminate.golden")
 }

cli/command/registry.go

@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 package command
 
 import (
-	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
@@ -18,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	registrytypes "github.com/docker/docker/api/types/registry"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/registry"
-	"github.com/moby/term"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -44,7 +41,7 @@ func RegistryAuthenticationPrivilegedFunc(cli Cli, index *registrytypes.IndexInf
 		default:
 		}
 
-		err = ConfigureAuth(cli, "", "", &authConfig, isDefaultRegistry)
+		err = ConfigureAuth(ctx, cli, "", "", &authConfig, isDefaultRegistry)
 		if err != nil {
 			return "", err
 		}
@@ -90,7 +87,7 @@ func GetDefaultAuthConfig(cfg *configfile.ConfigFile, checkCredStore bool, serve
 }
 
 // ConfigureAuth handles prompting of user's username and password if needed
-func ConfigureAuth(cli Cli, flUser, flPassword string, authconfig *registrytypes.AuthConfig, isDefaultRegistry bool) error {
+func ConfigureAuth(ctx context.Context, cli Cli, flUser, flPassword string, authconfig *registrytypes.AuthConfig, isDefaultRegistry bool) error {
 	// On Windows, force the use of the regular OS stdin stream.
 	//
 	// See:
@@ -125,9 +122,15 @@ func ConfigureAuth(cli Cli, flUser, flPassword string, authconfig *registrytypes
 				fmt.Fprintln(cli.Out())
 			}
 		}
-		promptWithDefault(cli.Out(), "Username", authconfig.Username)
+
+		var prompt string
+		if authconfig.Username == "" {
+			prompt = "Username: "
+		} else {
+			prompt = fmt.Sprintf("Username (%s): ", authconfig.Username)
+		}
 		var err error
-		flUser, err = readInput(cli.In())
+		flUser, err = PromptForInput(ctx, cli.In(), cli.Out(), prompt)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -139,16 +142,13 @@ func ConfigureAuth(cli Cli, flUser, flPassword string, authconfig *registrytypes
 		return errors.Errorf("Error: Non-null Username Required")
 	}
 	if flPassword == "" {
-		oldState, err := term.SaveState(cli.In().FD())
+		restoreInput, err := DisableInputEcho(cli.In())
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		fmt.Fprintf(cli.Out(), "Password: ")
-		_ = term.DisableEcho(cli.In().FD(), oldState)
-		defer func() {
-			_ = term.RestoreTerminal(cli.In().FD(), oldState)
-		}()
-		flPassword, err = readInput(cli.In())
+		defer restoreInput()
+
+		flPassword, err = PromptForInput(ctx, cli.In(), cli.Out(), "Password: ")
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -164,25 +164,6 @@ func ConfigureAuth(cli Cli, flUser, flPassword string, authconfig *registrytypes
 	return nil
 }
 
-// readInput reads, and returns user input from in. It tries to return a
-// single line, not including the end-of-line bytes, and trims leading
-// and trailing whitespace.
-func readInput(in io.Reader) (string, error) {
-	line, _, err := bufio.NewReader(in).ReadLine()
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "error while reading input")
-	}
-	return strings.TrimSpace(string(line)), nil
-}
-
-func promptWithDefault(out io.Writer, prompt string, configDefault string) {
-	if configDefault == "" {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s: ", prompt)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintf(out, "%s (%s): ", prompt, configDefault)
-	}
-}
-
 // RetrieveAuthTokenFromImage retrieves an encoded auth token given a complete
 // image. The auth configuration is serialized as a base64url encoded RFC4648,
 // section 5) JSON string for sending through the X-Registry-Auth header.

cli/command/registry/login.go

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ func runLogin(ctx context.Context, dockerCli command.Cli, opts loginOptions) err
 		response, err = loginWithCredStoreCreds(ctx, dockerCli, &authConfig)
 	}
 	if err != nil || authConfig.Username == "" || authConfig.Password == "" {
-		err = command.ConfigureAuth(dockerCli, opts.user, opts.password, &authConfig, isDefaultRegistry)
+		err = command.ConfigureAuth(ctx, dockerCli, opts.user, opts.password, &authConfig, isDefaultRegistry)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

cli/command/registry/login_test.go

@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 
+	"github.com/creack/pty"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	configtypes "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config/types"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/streams"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/internal/test"
@@ -185,3 +188,41 @@ func TestRunLogin(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestLoginTermination(t *testing.T) {
+	p, tty, err := pty.Open()
+	assert.NilError(t, err)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		_ = tty.Close()
+		_ = p.Close()
+	})
+
+	cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}, func(fc *test.FakeCli) {
+		fc.SetOut(streams.NewOut(tty))
+		fc.SetIn(streams.NewIn(tty))
+	})
+	tmpFile := fs.NewFile(t, "test-login-termination")
+	defer tmpFile.Remove()
+
+	configFile := cli.ConfigFile()
+	configFile.Filename = tmpFile.Path()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	t.Cleanup(cancel)
+
+	runErr := make(chan error)
+	go func() {
+		runErr <- runLogin(ctx, cli, loginOptions{})
+	}()
+
+	// Let the prompt get canceled by the context
+	cancel()
+
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(1 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out after 1 second. `runLogin` did not return")
+	case err := <-runErr:
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, command.ErrPromptTerminated)
+	}
+}

cli/command/secret/create_test.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func TestSecretCreateErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/secret/inspect_test.go

@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ func TestSecretInspectErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 		}
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -92,13 +93,16 @@ func TestSecretInspectWithoutFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			secretInspectFunc: tc.secretInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				secretInspectFunc: tc.secretInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newSecretInspectCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("secret-inspect-without-format.%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newSecretInspectCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("secret-inspect-without-format.%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -128,14 +132,17 @@ func TestSecretInspectWithFormat(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			secretInspectFunc: tc.secretInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				secretInspectFunc: tc.secretInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newSecretInspectCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set("format", tc.format))
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("secret-inspect-with-format.%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newSecretInspectCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set("format", tc.format))
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("secret-inspect-with-format.%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/secret/ls_test.go

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ func TestSecretListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }

cli/command/secret/remove_test.go

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func TestSecretRemoveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		)
 		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ func TestSecretRemoveContinueAfterError(t *testing.T) {
 
 	cmd := newSecretRemoveCommand(cli)
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs(names)
 	assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), "error removing secret: foo")
 	assert.Check(t, is.DeepEqual(names, removedSecrets))

cli/command/service/create.go

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ func newCreateCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.SetAnnotation(flagSysCtl, "version", []string{"1.40"})
 	flags.Var(&opts.ulimits, flagUlimit, "Ulimit options")
 	flags.SetAnnotation(flagUlimit, "version", []string{"1.41"})
+	flags.Int64Var(&opts.oomScoreAdj, flagOomScoreAdj, 0, "Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000) ")
+	flags.SetAnnotation(flagOomScoreAdj, "version", []string{"1.46"})
 
 	flags.Var(cliopts.NewListOptsRef(&opts.resources.resGenericResources, ValidateSingleGenericResource), "generic-resource", "User defined resources")
 	flags.SetAnnotation(flagHostAdd, "version", []string{"1.32"})

cli/command/service/opts.go

@@ -529,6 +529,7 @@ type serviceOptions struct {
 	capAdd          opts.ListOpts
 	capDrop         opts.ListOpts
 	ulimits         opts.UlimitOpt
+	oomScoreAdj     int64
 
 	resources resourceOptions
 	stopGrace opts.DurationOpt
@@ -747,6 +748,7 @@ func (options *serviceOptions) ToService(ctx context.Context, apiClient client.N
 				CapabilityAdd:   capAdd,
 				CapabilityDrop:  capDrop,
 				Ulimits:         options.ulimits.GetList(),
+				OomScoreAdj:     options.oomScoreAdj,
 			},
 			Networks:      networks,
 			Resources:     resources,
@@ -1043,6 +1045,7 @@ const (
 	flagUlimit                  = "ulimit"
 	flagUlimitAdd               = "ulimit-add"
 	flagUlimitRemove            = "ulimit-rm"
+	flagOomScoreAdj             = "oom-score-adj"
 )
 
 func validateAPIVersion(c swarm.ServiceSpec, serverAPIVersion string) error {

cli/command/service/rollback_test.go

@@ -91,14 +91,18 @@ func TestRollbackWithErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newRollbackCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				serviceInspectWithRawFunc: tc.serviceInspectWithRawFunc,
-				serviceUpdateFunc:         tc.serviceUpdateFunc,
-			}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.Flags().Set("quiet", "true")
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newRollbackCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					serviceInspectWithRawFunc: tc.serviceInspectWithRawFunc,
+					serviceUpdateFunc:         tc.serviceUpdateFunc,
+				}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.Flags().Set("quiet", "true")
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }

cli/command/service/update.go

@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ func newUpdateCommand(dockerCli command.Cli) *cobra.Command {
 	flags.SetAnnotation(flagUlimitAdd, "version", []string{"1.41"})
 	flags.Var(newListOptsVar(), flagUlimitRemove, "Remove a ulimit option")
 	flags.SetAnnotation(flagUlimitRemove, "version", []string{"1.41"})
+	flags.Int64Var(&options.oomScoreAdj, flagOomScoreAdj, 0, "Tune host's OOM preferences (-1000 to 1000) ")
+	flags.SetAnnotation(flagOomScoreAdj, "version", []string{"1.46"})
 
 	// Add needs parsing, Remove only needs the key
 	flags.Var(newListOptsVar(), flagGenericResourcesRemove, "Remove a Generic resource")
@@ -367,6 +369,10 @@ func updateService(ctx context.Context, apiClient client.NetworkAPIClient, flags
 		updateInt64Value(flagReserveMemory, &task.Resources.Reservations.MemoryBytes)
 	}
 
+	if anyChanged(flags, flagOomScoreAdj) {
+		updateInt64(flagOomScoreAdj, &task.ContainerSpec.OomScoreAdj)
+	}
+
 	if err := addGenericResources(flags, task); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

cli/command/stack/config_test.go

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 func TestConfigWithEmptyComposeFile(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newConfigCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), `Specify a Compose file`)
 }

cli/command/stack/deploy_test.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ func TestDeployWithEmptyName(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newDeployCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"'   '"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), `invalid stack name: "'   '"`)
 }

cli/command/stack/list_test.go

@@ -25,18 +25,21 @@ func TestListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 			expectedError: "accepts no argument",
 		},
 		{
+			args: []string{},
 			flags: map[string]string{
 				"format": "{{invalid format}}",
 			},
 			expectedError: "template parsing error",
 		},
 		{
+			args: []string{},
 			serviceListFunc: func(options types.ServiceListOptions) ([]swarm.Service, error) {
 				return []swarm.Service{}, errors.Errorf("error getting services")
 			},
 			expectedError: "error getting services",
 		},
 		{
+			args: []string{},
 			serviceListFunc: func(options types.ServiceListOptions) ([]swarm.Service, error) {
 				return []swarm.Service{*builders.Service()}, nil
 			},
@@ -45,15 +48,19 @@ func TestListErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newListCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			serviceListFunc: tc.serviceListFunc,
-		}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.expectedError, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newListCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				serviceListFunc: tc.serviceListFunc,
+			}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@ func TestStackList(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.doc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			var services []swarm.Service
 			for _, name := range tc.serviceNames {

cli/command/stack/ps_test.go

@@ -40,12 +40,16 @@ func TestStackPsErrors(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newPsCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			taskListFunc: tc.taskListFunc,
-		}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.expectedError, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newPsCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				taskListFunc: tc.taskListFunc,
+			}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -156,6 +160,7 @@ func TestStackPs(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		tc := tc
 		t.Run(tc.doc, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
 				taskListFunc:       tc.taskListFunc,
@@ -169,6 +174,7 @@ func TestStackPs(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 			}
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 			if tc.expectedErr != "" {
 				assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedErr)

cli/command/stack/remove_test.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ func TestRemoveWithEmptyName(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newRemoveCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"good", "'   '", "alsogood"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), `invalid stack name: "'   '"`)
 }
@@ -157,6 +158,7 @@ func TestRemoveContinueAfterError(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	cmd := newRemoveCommand(test.NewFakeCli(cli))
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"foo", "bar"})
 
 	assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), "Failed to remove some resources from stack: foo")

cli/command/stack/services_test.go

@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@ func TestStackServicesErrors(t *testing.T) {
 				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
 			}
 			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 		})
 	}
@@ -89,6 +90,7 @@ func TestRunServicesWithEmptyName(t *testing.T) {
 	cmd := newServicesCommand(test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{}))
 	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"'   '"})
 	cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+	cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), `invalid stack name: "'   '"`)
 }

cli/command/swarm/ca_test.go

@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ func TestDisplayTrustRootInvalidFlags(t *testing.T) {
 			}))
 		assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Parse(testCase.args))
 		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+		cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
 		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), testCase.errorMsg)
 	}
 }

cli/command/swarm/init_test.go

@@ -63,18 +63,22 @@ func TestSwarmInitErrorOnAPIFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newInitCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				swarmInitFunc:         tc.swarmInitFunc,
-				swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
-				swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
-				nodeInspectFunc:       tc.nodeInspectFunc,
-			}))
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
-		}
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newInitCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					swarmInitFunc:         tc.swarmInitFunc,
+					swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
+					swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
+					nodeInspectFunc:       tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+				}))
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				cmd.Flags().Set(key, value)
+			}
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.Error(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/swarm/join_test.go

@@ -48,14 +48,18 @@ func TestSwarmJoinErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newJoinCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				swarmJoinFunc: tc.swarmJoinFunc,
-				infoFunc:      tc.infoFunc,
-			}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newJoinCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					swarmJoinFunc: tc.swarmJoinFunc,
+					infoFunc:      tc.infoFunc,
+				}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -89,12 +93,15 @@ func TestSwarmJoin(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			infoFunc: tc.infoFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				infoFunc: tc.infoFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newJoinCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs([]string{"remote"})
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			assert.Check(t, is.Equal(strings.TrimSpace(cli.OutBuffer().String()), tc.expected))
 		})
-		cmd := newJoinCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"remote"})
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		assert.Check(t, is.Equal(strings.TrimSpace(cli.OutBuffer().String()), tc.expected))
 	}
 }

cli/command/swarm/join_token_test.go

@@ -87,19 +87,23 @@ func TestSwarmJoinTokenErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			swarmInspectFunc: tc.swarmInspectFunc,
-			swarmUpdateFunc:  tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
-			infoFunc:         tc.infoFunc,
-			nodeInspectFunc:  tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				swarmInspectFunc: tc.swarmInspectFunc,
+				swarmUpdateFunc:  tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
+				infoFunc:         tc.infoFunc,
+				nodeInspectFunc:  tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newJoinTokenCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 		})
-		cmd := newJoinTokenCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -194,17 +198,20 @@ func TestSwarmJoinToken(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			swarmInspectFunc: tc.swarmInspectFunc,
-			infoFunc:         tc.infoFunc,
-			nodeInspectFunc:  tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				swarmInspectFunc: tc.swarmInspectFunc,
+				infoFunc:         tc.infoFunc,
+				nodeInspectFunc:  tc.nodeInspectFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newJoinTokenCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("jointoken-%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newJoinTokenCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("jointoken-%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }

cli/command/swarm/leave_test.go

@@ -32,13 +32,17 @@ func TestSwarmLeaveErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newLeaveCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				swarmLeaveFunc: tc.swarmLeaveFunc,
-			}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newLeaveCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					swarmLeaveFunc: tc.swarmLeaveFunc,
+				}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 

cli/command/swarm/unlock_key_test.go

@@ -80,18 +80,22 @@ func TestSwarmUnlockKeyErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newUnlockKeyCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
-				swarmUpdateFunc:       tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
-				swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
-			}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newUnlockKeyCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
+					swarmUpdateFunc:       tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
+					swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
+				}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }
 
@@ -154,17 +158,20 @@ func TestSwarmUnlockKey(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-			swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
-			swarmUpdateFunc:       tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
-			swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cli := test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+				swarmInspectFunc:      tc.swarmInspectFunc,
+				swarmUpdateFunc:       tc.swarmUpdateFunc,
+				swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc: tc.swarmGetUnlockKeyFunc,
+			})
+			cmd := newUnlockKeyCommand(cli)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			for key, value := range tc.flags {
+				assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
+			}
+			assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
+			golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("unlockkeys-%s.golden", tc.name))
 		})
-		cmd := newUnlockKeyCommand(cli)
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		for key, value := range tc.flags {
-			assert.Check(t, cmd.Flags().Set(key, value))
-		}
-		assert.NilError(t, cmd.Execute())
-		golden.Assert(t, cli.OutBuffer().String(), fmt.Sprintf("unlockkeys-%s.golden", tc.name))
 	}
 }

cli/command/swarm/unlock_test.go

@@ -64,14 +64,18 @@ func TestSwarmUnlockErrors(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		cmd := newUnlockCommand(
-			test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
-				infoFunc:        tc.infoFunc,
-				swarmUnlockFunc: tc.swarmUnlockFunc,
-			}))
-		cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
-		cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
-		assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newUnlockCommand(
+				test.NewFakeCli(&fakeClient{
+					infoFunc:        tc.infoFunc,
+					swarmUnlockFunc: tc.swarmUnlockFunc,
+				}))
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			cmd.SetOut(io.Discard)
+			cmd.SetErr(io.Discard)
+			assert.ErrorContains(t, cmd.Execute(), tc.expectedError)
+		})
 	}
 }