v0.6.1

https://github.com/thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js/commit/b0a65fe073c8a4d7fc2adbafb1844e4cae3ee6c2

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -25,9 +25,11 @@ build:
   - "apk add sqlite-static"
   - "shards install"
   - "crystal build --release --static src/access_log.cr"
-  - "strip --strip-all access_log"
+  - "crystal build --release --static src/ip2asn_server.cr"
+  - "strip --strip-all access_log ip2asn_server"
   - "install -Dm 644 LICENSE ${RELEASE_DIRECTORY}/LICENSE"
   - "install -Dm 755 access_log ${RELEASE_DIRECTORY}/access_log"
+  - "install -Dm 755 ip2asn_server ${RELEASE_DIRECTORY}/ip2asn_server"
   - "tar -cf ${RELEASE_TARBALL} ${RELEASE_DIRECTORY}"
   artifacts:
     paths:

README.md

@@ -43,6 +43,22 @@ most countries.
 
 `access_log` uses marginal data by default.
 
+### Update the data
+
+1. Go to the `data/output` directory on [co2.js
+   repository](https://github.com/thegreenwebfoundation/co2.js/tree/v0.16.2/data/output)
+   for the latest version released (in this example 0.16.2)
+
+2. Download the `average-intensities.json` file.
+
+3. Run `src/average_intensities_by_country.cr` with this file as stdin.
+
+```
+crystal run src/average_intensities_by_country.cr < average-intensities.json >> src/swd/average_intensity.cr
+```
+
+4. Modify `src/swd/average_intensity.cr` to fix the data.
+
 ## Create database
 
 ```bash
@@ -179,6 +195,18 @@ Then run the program with the required flags enabled:
 access_log --swd --device-country
 ```
 
+## ASN database
+
+If you want to keep track of ASN for each visitor, for instance for
+grouping possible attacks or IA crawls, create a database based on
+<https://iptoasn.com/>:
+
+```bash
+./contrib/asn_database.sh
+```
+
+And start the server with the `--asn-database=` flag.
+
 ## Crawler user agents
 
 Download the [crawler user agents

contrib/asn_database.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -e
+
+db="${1:-$PWD/asn.sqlite3}"
+sqlite3 "$db" "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS asn (range_start INTEGER, range_end INTEGER, id INTEGER, country STRING, description TEXT);"
+sqlite3 "$db" "CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS asn_id_idx ON asn (id);"
+sqlite3 "$db" "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS status (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, blocked BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE);"
+sqlite3 "$db" "DELETE from asn;"
+wget https://iptoasn.com/data/ip2asn-v4-u32.tsv.gz -O - | gunzip | sqlite3 -tabs "$db" ".import '|cat -' asn"
+
+echo "ASN database created/updated at $db"

contrib/create.sql

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS "access_logs" (
  "network_co2" float DEFAULT NULL,
  "consumer_device_co2" float DEFAULT NULL,
  "production_co2" float DEFAULT NULL,
- "total_co2" float DEFAULT NULL
+ "total_co2" float DEFAULT NULL,
+ "node" varchar DEFAULT NULL,
+ "asn" integer DEFAULT NULL,
+ "http3" varchar(2) DEFAULT NULL
 );
 
 CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS "index_access_logs_on_host" ON "access_logs" ("host");

contrib/ip2asn_nginx.conf

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+keyval_zone_redis zone=ip2asn hostname=::1;
+keyval "$remote_addr:id" $asn zone=ip2asn;
+keyval "$remote_addr:blocked" $asn_blocked zone=ip2asn;
+
+limit_conn_zone $asn zone=asn_conn:10m;
+limit_req_zone $asn zone=asn_req:10m rate=10r/s;
+
+server {
+  server_name _;
+
+  listen 80 default_server;
+
+  if ($asn_blocked) {
+    return 444;
+  }
+
+  limit_conn asn_conn 1;
+  limit_req zone=asn_req nodelay;
+}

shard.yml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: "access_log"
-version: "0.5.6"
+version: "0.6.1"
 authors:
 - "f <f@sutty.nl>"
 targets:

spec/swd_spec.cr

@@ -111,31 +111,31 @@ describe SWD do
 
   describe "#consumer_device_co2" do
     it "should extract the consumer device co2 emissions" do
-      swd.consumer_device_co2.should(eq 0.6343432152938272)
+      swd.consumer_device_co2.should(eq 0.6854924454444445)
     end
   end
 
   describe "#production_co2" do
     it "should extract the production co2 emissions" do
-      swd.production_co2.should(eq 0.2317792517419753)
+      swd.production_co2.should(eq 0.2504683935277778)
     end
   end
 
   describe "#network_co2" do
     it "should extract the network co2 emissions" do
-      swd.network_co2.should(eq 0.1707847118098766)
+      swd.network_co2.should(eq 0.1845556583888889)
     end
   end
 
   describe "#datacenter_co2" do
     it "should extract the datacenter co2 emissions" do
-      swd.datacenter_co2.should(eq 0.1829836197962963)
+      swd.datacenter_co2.should(eq 0.19773820541666665)
     end
   end
 
   describe "#total_co2" do
     it "should extract the total co2 emissions" do
-      swd.total_co2.should(eq 1.2198907986419754)
+      swd.total_co2.should(eq 1.3182547027777778)
     end
   end
 end

src/access_log.cr

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ require "system"
 require "./models/access_log"
 require "./models/crawler"
 require "./swd"
+require "./asn"
 
-VERSION = "0.5.6"
+VERSION = "0.6.1"
 
 Log.setup_from_env
 
@@ -19,13 +20,15 @@ Log.setup_from_env
 socket = "/tmp/access_log.socket"
 # The default database URI
 database = "sqlite3://./development.sqlite3"
+# ASN database
+asn_database = ""
 # Detect web crawlers
 crawler = false
 # Parse the crawlers repository
 crawlers = [] of Crawler
 # Fields in database
 # TODO: Obtain them from AccessLog
-fields = %w[id remote_user host msec server_protocol request_method request_completion uri request_uri query_string status sent_http_content_type sent_http_content_encoding sent_http_etag sent_http_last_modified http_accept http_accept_encoding http_accept_language http_pragma http_cache_control http_if_none_match http_dnt http_user_agent http_origin http_referer request_time bytes_sent body_bytes_sent request_length http_connection pipe connection_requests geoip2_data_country_name geoip2_data_city_name ssl_server_name ssl_protocol ssl_early_data ssl_session_reused ssl_curves ssl_ciphers ssl_cipher sent_http_x_xss_protection sent_http_x_frame_options sent_http_x_content_type_options sent_http_strict_transport_security nginx_version pid crawler datacenter_co2 network_co2 consumer_device_co2 production_co2 total_co2 node]
+fields = %w[id remote_user host msec server_protocol request_method request_completion uri request_uri query_string status sent_http_content_type sent_http_content_encoding sent_http_etag sent_http_last_modified http_accept http_accept_encoding http_accept_language http_pragma http_cache_control http_if_none_match http_dnt http_user_agent http_origin http_referer request_time bytes_sent body_bytes_sent request_length http_connection pipe connection_requests geoip2_data_country_name geoip2_data_city_name ssl_server_name ssl_protocol ssl_early_data ssl_session_reused ssl_curves ssl_ciphers ssl_cipher sent_http_x_xss_protection sent_http_x_frame_options sent_http_x_content_type_options sent_http_strict_transport_security nginx_version pid crawler datacenter_co2 network_co2 consumer_device_co2 production_co2 total_co2 node asn http3]
 # Params for the query
 params = [] of String
 # SWD
@@ -56,6 +59,10 @@ OptionParser.parse do |p|
     database = d
   end
 
+  p.on "-I DATABASE", "--asn-database=DATABASE", "ASN Database URI" do |d|
+    asn_database = d
+  end
+
   p.on "-c crawler-user-agents.json", "--crawlers crawler-user-agents.json", "Crawlers repository" do |c|
     crawler = true
     crawlers = Array(Crawler).from_json File.read(c)
@@ -110,26 +117,41 @@ if crawler
   crawler_re = Regex.union(crawlers.map { |c| c.pattern })
 end
 
+def remove_socket!(socket)
+  FileUtils.rm(socket) if File.exists? socket
+end
+
+remove_socket!(socket)
+
+asn = ASN.new(asn_database) unless asn_database.empty?
 server = Socket.unix(Socket::Type::DGRAM)
 server.bind Socket::UNIXAddress.new(socket)
 
+def close_server!(server, asn)
+  server.try(&.close)
+  asn.try(&.close)
+end
+
 Signal::INT.trap do
-  server.close
-  FileUtils.rm(socket) if File.exists? socket
+  remove_socket!(socket)
+  close_server!(server, asn)
   exit
 end
 
 Signal::KILL.trap do
-  server.close
-  FileUtils.rm(socket) if File.exists? socket
+  remove_socket!(socket)
+  close_server!(server, asn)
   exit
 end
 
+MAX_SIZE = 1024 * 64 # 64K
+
 # Open the database and wait for JSONL input.
-db = DB.open database do |db|
+DB.open database do |db|
   while true
     begin
-      msg, _ = server.receive(1024 * 64) # 64K
+      msg, _ = server.receive(MAX_SIZE)
+      # TODO: is this the best method?
       _, json = msg.split("{", 2)
       json = "{#{json}"
 
@@ -137,6 +159,8 @@ db = DB.open database do |db|
       access_log = AccessLog.from_json(json || "{}")
       d = device_country ? access_log.geoip2_data_country_iso_code : nil
       s = SWD.new(access_log.bytes_sent, renewable, datacenter, d, intensity) if swd
+      i = access_log.remote_addr
+      a = asn.try(&.query(i)) if i
 
       # Execute query, detect crawler if enabled.
       # TODO: Does Crystal support splats?  It does but we need to cast
@@ -195,14 +219,16 @@ db = DB.open database do |db|
               (swd ? s.try(&.consumer_device_co2) : nil),
               (swd ? s.try(&.production_co2) : nil),
               (swd ? s.try(&.total_co2) : nil),
-              (node ? System.hostname : nil)
+              (node ? System.hostname : nil),
+              a.try(&.id),
+              access_log.http3
 
     # Ignore parsing errors
     rescue e : JSON::ParseException
       Log.warn &.emit("Parse exception", error: e.message)
     rescue IO::Error
-      server.close
-      FileUtils.rm(socket) if File.exists? socket
+      remove_socket!(socket)
+      close_server!(server, asn)
       exit
     end
   end

src/asn.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+require "db"
+require "sqlite3"
+
+class AsnResult
+  include DB::Serializable
+
+  property id : Int64?
+  property country : String?
+  property description : String?
+  property blocked : Bool?
+end
+
+class ASN
+  QUERY = "select id, country, description from asn where ? between range_start and range_end limit 1;"
+  STATUS = "select blocked from status where id = ? limit 1;"
+
+  property db : DB::Database
+
+  def initialize(database : String)
+    @db = DB.open(database)
+    @cache = Hash(UInt32, AsnResult).new
+  end
+
+  # Binary representation of an IPv4 address
+  def to_binary(address : String) : UInt32
+    (address.split(".").map(&.to_u32).reduce(0.to_u32) { |t, v| (t << 8) + v })
+  end
+
+  # Lookups an address and returns the ASN for it
+  def query(address : String)
+    query(to_binary(address))
+  end
+
+  def query(binary_address : UInt32) : AsnResult?
+    (@cache[binary_address] ||= @db.query_one(QUERY, binary_address.to_i64, &.read(AsnResult))).tap do |result|
+      result.blocked = @db.query_one(STATUS, result.id, &.read(Bool))
+    end
+  rescue DB::NoResultsError
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def close
+    @db.close
+  end
+end

src/average_intensities_by_country.cr

@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@ JSON.parse(ARGF.gets_to_end).as_h.each do |country, data|
 
   STDERR.puts "ok - #{country}"
 
-  average_intensities[countries[data["country_code"].as_s]] = data["emissions_intensity_gco2_per_kwh"].as_f
+  average_intensities[countries[data["country_code"].as_s]] =
+    begin
+      data["emissions_intensity_gco2_per_kwh"].as_f
+    rescue TypeCastError
+      data["emissions_intensity_gco2_per_kwh"].as_i.to_f
+    end
 end
 
 puts average_intensities.to_json

src/ip2asn_server.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# This is a very minimal Redis server that works with Nginx keyval
+# module.  When set like this:
+#
+# keyval_zone_redis zone=redis hostname=::1;
+# keyval "$remote_addr:id" $asn_id zone=redis;
+#
+# We can query the ASN id from a database and use it on Nginx config to
+# rate limit entire subnets.
+require "log"
+require "option_parser"
+require "./asn"
+require "./redis_server"
+
+Log.setup_from_env
+
+VERSION = "0.2.0"
+ASN_ID = "id"
+ASN_DESCRIPTION = "description"
+ASN_COUNTRY = "country"
+ASN_BLOCKED = "blocked"
+
+asn_database = "sqlite3://./asn.sqlite3"
+interface = "localhost"
+port = 6379
+
+OptionParser.parse do |p|
+  p.banner = "IP to ASN Redis server"
+
+  p.on "-v", "--version", "Show version" do
+    puts VERSION
+    exit
+  end
+
+  p.on "-h", "--help", "Show help" do
+    puts p
+    exit
+  end
+
+  p.on "-d #{asn_database}", "--asn-database=#{asn_database}", "ASN Database URI" do |d|
+    asn_database = d
+  end
+
+  p.on "-i #{interface}", "--interface=#{interface}", "Listening interface" do |i|
+    interface = i
+  end
+
+  p.on "-p #{port}", "--port=#{port}", "Listening port" do |p|
+    port = p.to_i
+  end
+end
+
+asn = ASN.new(asn_database)
+
+# The client can be a long lived connection sending commands. We only
+# answer to GET commands.
+RedisServer.new(interface, port) do |client, _, key|
+  begin
+    _, ip, field = key.split(":", 3)
+  rescue
+    Log.warn &.emit("Error parsing key", key: key)
+    next
+  end
+
+  # This is cached in memory
+  result = asn.query(ip)
+
+  next if result.nil?
+
+  # XXX: Are we going to use the other fields?
+  response =
+    case field
+    when ASN_ID then result.try(&.id).try(&.to_s)
+    when ASN_COUNTRY then result.try(&.country)
+    when ASN_DESCRIPTION then result.try(&.description)
+    when ASN_BLOCKED then
+      if result.try(&.blocked)
+        "1"
+      else
+        "0"
+      end
+    else nil
+    end
+
+  next if response.nil?
+
+  # Reply
+  RedisServer.bulk_string(client, response)
+end
+
+asn.close

src/models/access_log.cr

@@ -58,4 +58,6 @@ class AccessLog
   property sent_http_strict_transport_security : String
   property nginx_version : String
   property pid : String
+  property remote_addr : String?
+  property http3 : String?
 end

src/redis_server.cr

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+require "log"
+require "socket"
+
+class RedisServer
+  BULK_STRING = "$"
+  CRLF = "\r\n"
+  NOT_IMPLEMENTED = "-Not implemented#{CRLF}"
+  QUIT_COMMAND = "quit"
+  GET_COMMAND = "get"
+
+  property server : TCPServer
+
+  def initialize(interface : String = "localhost", port : Int = 6379, &block : TCPSocket, String, String -> _)
+    @server = TCPServer.new(interface, port)
+
+    while (client = server.accept?)
+      spawn handle_client(client, block)
+    end
+  ensure
+    server.close
+  end
+
+  def handle_client(client : TCPSocket, block : Proc)
+    next_is_key = false
+    last_command = ""
+
+    while (line = client.gets)
+      # We're not a compliant RESP
+      next if line.starts_with?("*")
+      next if line.starts_with?("$")
+
+      # Execute the query when we get the key
+      if next_is_key
+        next_is_key = false
+
+        # Do something with the key
+        block.call(client, last_command, line)
+      # First we get the Redis command and we only support a small subset.
+      else
+        case (last_command = line.downcase)
+        when QUIT_COMMAND then client.close
+        when GET_COMMAND then next_is_key = true
+        else
+          client.print NOT_IMPLEMENTED
+
+          raise last_command
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  rescue ex
+    Log.warn &.emit("Error", exception: ex.class.name, error: ex.message)
+  ensure
+    client.close
+  end
+
+  def self.bulk_string(client : TCPSocket, string : String)
+    client.print(BULK_STRING, string.size, CRLF, string, CRLF)
+  end
+end

src/swd.cr

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class SWD
   NETWORK_ENERGY = 0.14
   DATACENTER_ENERGY = 0.15
   PRODUCTION_ENERGY = 0.19
-  GLOBAL_GRID_INTENSITY = 437.66
+  GLOBAL_GRID_INTENSITY = 472.95
   RENEWABLES_GRID_INTENSITY = 50.0
 
   @transfered_bytes_to_gb : Float32? | Float64? = nil

src/swd/intensity_data.cr

@@ -2,215 +2,215 @@ class SWD
   module IntensityData
     # @see {co2.js/data/output/average-intensities.json}
     AVERAGE_INTENSITY_BY_ISO_CODE = {
-      "AE": 407.98,
-      "AF": 120.48,
-      "AG": 657.14,
-      "AL": 23.44,
-      "AM": 222.68,
-      "AO": 195.98,
-      "AR": 344.31,
-      "AS": 687.5,
-      "AT": 158.22,
-      "AU": 501.7,
-      "AW": 591.4,
-      "AZ": 469.58,
-      "BA": 553.47,
-      "BB": 644.86,
-      "BD": 574.28,
-      "BE": 167.11,
-      "BF": 611.43,
-      "BG": 399.72,
-      "BH": 494.02,
-      "BI": 250.0,
-      "BJ": 666.67,
-      "BN": 493.59,
-      "BO": 335.4,
-      "BR": 102.04,
-      "BS": 698.11,
-      "BT": 24.44,
-      "BW": 794.52,
-      "BY": 425.9,
-      "BZ": 484.38,
-      "CA": 125.84,
-      "CD": 25.36,
+      "AE": 467.51,
+      "AF": 123.71,
+      "AG": 611.11,
+      "AL": 24.42,
+      "AM": 243.52,
+      "AO": 167.22,
+      "AR": 344.83,
+      "AS": 647.06,
+      "AT": 102.62,
+      "AU": 553.76,
+      "AW": 550.0,
+      "AZ": 632.89,
+      "BA": 638.05,
+      "BB": 600.0,
+      "BD": 694.63,
+      "BE": 117.58,
+      "BF": 554.91,
+      "BG": 264.21,
+      "BH": 902.41,
+      "BI": 230.77,
+      "BJ": 590.0,
+      "BN": 892.67,
+      "BO": 468.02,
+      "BR": 106.06,
+      "BS": 653.66,
+      "BT": 24.19,
+      "BW": 849.42,
+      "BY": 323.63,
+      "BZ": 155.56,
+      "CA": 184.99,
+      "CD": 27.04,
       "CF": 0.0,
-      "CG": 395.52,
-      "CH": 41.28,
-      "CI": 410.75,
-      "CK": 400.0,
-      "CL": 332.61,
-      "CM": 278.26,
-      "CN": 533.98,
-      "CO": 163.99,
-      "CR": 37.21,
-      "CU": 654.68,
-      "CV": 600.0,
-      "CY": 589.35,
-      "CZ": 414.8,
-      "DE": 385.39,
-      "DJ": 666.67,
-      "DK": 180.42,
-      "DM": 529.41,
-      "DO": 549.8,
-      "DZ": 485.49,
-      "EC": 183.63,
-      "EE": 460.26,
-      "EG": 469.63,
-      "ER": 688.89,
-      "ES": 217.42,
-      "ET": 25.19,
-      "FI": 131.71,
-      "FJ": 289.47,
-      "FK": 500.0,
-      "FO": 428.57,
-      "FR": 84.88,
-      "GA": 397.38,
-      "GB": 261.16,
-      "GD": 714.29,
-      "GE": 134.83,
-      "GF": 254.72,
-      "GH": 361.2,
-      "GL": 133.33,
-      "GM": 700.0,
-      "GN": 208.63,
-      "GP": 623.53,
-      "GQ": 492.96,
-      "GR": 344.41,
-      "GT": 304.71,
-      "GU": 670.33,
-      "GW": 750.0,
-      "GY": 642.28,
-      "HK": 609.93,
-      "HN": 373.96,
-      "HR": 246.29,
-      "HT": 606.06,
-      "HU": 222.1,
-      "ID": 619.03,
-      "IE": 346.43,
-      "IL": 537.57,
-      "IN": 633.4,
-      "IQ": 531.36,
-      "IR": 487.86,
-      "IS": 28.56,
-      "IT": 372.63,
-      "JM": 537.93,
-      "JO": 391.13,
-      "JP": 494.86,
-      "KE": 101.13,
-      "KG": 104.43,
-      "KH": 400.46,
-      "KI": 666.67,
-      "KM": 714.29,
-      "KN": 681.82,
-      "KP": 102.42,
-      "KR": 437.6,
-      "KW": 574.56,
-      "KY": 684.93,
-      "KZ": 635.57,
-      "LA": 242.18,
-      "LB": 663.1,
-      "LC": 685.71,
-      "LK": 501.53,
-      "LR": 304.35,
-      "LS": 20.0,
-      "LT": 195.7,
-      "LU": 162.6,
-      "LV": 183.43,
-      "LY": 558.85,
-      "MA": 630.75,
-      "MD": 666.67,
-      "ME": 392.75,
-      "MG": 483.25,
-      "MK": 543.71,
-      "ML": 463.13,
-      "MM": 330.8,
-      "MN": 749.66,
-      "MO": 491.53,
-      "MQ": 698.63,
-      "MR": 526.6,
+      "CG": 713.73,
+      "CH": 36.72,
+      "CI": 393.53,
+      "CK": 250.0,
+      "CL": 265.52,
+      "CM": 285.71,
+      "CN": 557.5,
+      "CO": 285.8,
+      "CR": 63.01,
+      "CU": 638.98,
+      "CV": 480.0,
+      "CY": 512.24,
+      "CZ": 413.86,
+      "DE": 342.06,
+      "DJ": 450.0,
+      "DK": 143.3,
+      "DM": 600.0,
+      "DO": 565.97,
+      "DZ": 633.65,
+      "EC": 209.7,
+      "EE": 341.02,
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+      "ZM": 111.0,
+      "ZW": 298.44
     }
 
     # @see {co2.js/data/output/marginal-intensities-2021.json}