build: replacements is deprecated

Closes coop-cloud/organising#471.

.chglog/CHANGELOG.tpl.md

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-{{ range .Versions }}
-<a name="{{ .Tag.Name }}"></a>
-## {{ if .Tag.Previous }}[{{ .Tag.Name }}]({{ $.Info.RepositoryURL }}/compare/{{ .Tag.Previous.Name }}...{{ .Tag.Name }}){{ else }}{{ .Tag.Name }}{{ end }}
-
-> {{ datetime "2006-01-02" .Tag.Date }}
-
-{{ range .CommitGroups -}}
-### {{ .Title }}
-
-{{ range .Commits -}}
-* {{ .Subject }}
-{{ end }}
-{{ end -}}
-
-{{- if .RevertCommits -}}
-### Reverts
-
-{{ range .RevertCommits -}}
-* {{ .Revert.Header }}
-{{ end }}
-{{ end -}}
-
-{{- if .MergeCommits -}}
-### Pull Requests
-
-{{ range .MergeCommits -}}
-* {{ .Header }}
-{{ end }}
-{{ end -}}
-
-{{- if .NoteGroups -}}
-{{ range .NoteGroups -}}
-### {{ .Title }}
-
-{{ range .Notes }}
-{{ .Body }}
-{{ end }}
-{{ end -}}
-{{ end -}}
-{{ end -}}

.chglog/config.yml

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-style: github
-template: CHANGELOG.tpl.md
-info:
-  title: CHANGELOG
-  repository_url: https://git.autonomic.zone:2222/coop-cloud/go-abra
-options:
-  commits:
-    # filters:
-    #   Type:
-    #     - feat
-    #     - fix
-    #     - perf
-    #     - refactor
-  commit_groups:
-    # title_maps:
-    #   feat: Features
-    #   fix: Bug Fixes
-    #   perf: Performance Improvements
-    #   refactor: Code Refactoring
-  header:
-    pattern: "^(\\w*)\\:\\s(.*)$"
-    pattern_maps:
-      - Type
-      - Subject
-  notes:
-    keywords:
-      - BREAKING CHANGE

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Dockerfile
+.dockerignore
+*.swp
+*.swo

.drone.yml

@@ -3,45 +3,23 @@ kind: pipeline
 name: coopcloud.tech/abra
 steps:
   - name: make check
-    image: golang:1.17
+    image: golang:1.20
     commands:
       - make check
 
-  - name: make static
-    image: golang:1.17
-    ignore: true # until we decide we all want this check
-    environment:
-      STATIC_CHECK_URL: honnef.co/go/tools/cmd/staticcheck
-      STATIC_CHECK_VERSION: v0.2.0
-    commands:
-      - go install $STATIC_CHECK_URL@$STATIC_CHECK_VERSION
-      - make static
-
   - name: make build
-    image: golang:1.17
+    image: golang:1.20
     commands:
       - make build
-
-  - name: make test
-    image: golang:1.17
-    commands:
-      - make test
-
-  - name: notify on failure
-    image: plugins/matrix
-    settings:
-      homeserver: https://matrix.autonomic.zone
-      roomid: "IFazIpLtxiScqbHqoa:autonomic.zone"
-      userid: "@autono-bot:autonomic.zone"
-      accesstoken:
-        from_secret: autono_bot_access_token
     depends_on:
       - make check
-      - make build
+
+  - name: make test
+    image: golang:1.20
+    commands:
       - make test
-    when:
-      status:
-        - failure
+    depends_on:
+      - make check
 
   - name: fetch
     image: docker:git
@@ -55,7 +33,7 @@ steps:
       event: tag
 
   - name: release
-    image: golang:1.17
+    image: golang:1.20
     environment:
       GITEA_TOKEN:
         from_secret: goreleaser_gitea_token
@@ -69,6 +47,23 @@ steps:
     when:
       event: tag
 
+  - name: publish image
+    image: plugins/docker
+    settings:
+      auto_tag: true
+      username: 3wordchant
+      password:
+        from_secret: git_coopcloud_tech_token_3wc
+      repo: git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra
+      tags: dev
+      registry: git.coopcloud.tech
+    when:
+      event:
+        exclude:
+          - pull_request
+    depends_on:
+      - make check
+
 volumes:
   - name: deps
     temp: {}

.e2e.env.sample

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+GANDI_TOKEN=...
+HCLOUD_TOKEN=...
+REGISTRY_PASSWORD=...
+REGISTRY_USERNAME=...

.gitea/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+---
+name: "Do not use this issue tracker"
+about: "Do not use this issue tracker"
+title: "Do not use this issue tracker"
+labels: []
+---
+
+Please report your issue on [`coop-cloud/organising`](https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/organising)

.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
-abra
-.vscode/
-vendor/
+*fmtcoverage.html
+.e2e.env
 .envrc
+.vscode/
+/kadabra
+abra
 dist/
+tests/integration/.abra/catalogue
+vendor/

.goreleaser.yml

@@ -1,34 +1,79 @@
 ---
-project_name: abra
 gitea_urls:
   api: https://git.coopcloud.tech/api/v1
   download: https://git.coopcloud.tech/
   skip_tls_verify: false
+
 before:
   hooks:
     - go mod tidy
-    - go generate ./...
+
 builds:
-  - env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+  - id: abra
+    binary: abra
     dir: cmd/abra
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
     goos:
       - linux
+      - darwin
+    goarch:
+      - 386
+      - amd64
+      - arm
+      - arm64
+    goarm:
+      - 5
+      - 6
+      - 7
     ldflags:
       - "-X 'main.Commit={{ .Commit }}'"
       - "-X 'main.Version={{ .Version }}'"
+
+  - id: kadabra
+    binary: kadabra
+    dir: cmd/kadabra
+    env:
+      - CGO_ENABLED=0
+    goos:
+      - linux
+      - darwin
+    goarch:
+      - 386
+      - amd64
+      - arm
+      - arm64
+    goarm:
+      - 5
+      - 6
+      - 7
+    ldflags:
+      - "-X 'main.Commit={{ .Commit }}'"
+      - "-X 'main.Version={{ .Version }}'"
+
 archives:
-  - replacements:
-      linux: Linux
-      386: i386
-      amd64: x86_64
+  - name_template: >-
+      {{ .ProjectName }}_
+      {{- title .Os }}_
+      {{- if eq .Arch "amd64" }}x86_64
+      {{- else if eq .Arch "386" }}i386
+      {{- else }}{{ .Arch }}{{ end }}
+    format: binary
+
 checksum:
   name_template: "checksums.txt"
+
 snapshot:
   name_template: "{{ incpatch .Version }}-next"
+
 changelog:
-  sort: asc
+  sort: desc
   filters:
     exclude:
-      - "^docs:"
+      - "^Merge"
+      - "^Revert"
+      - "^WIP:"
+      - "^chore(deps):"
+      - "^style:"
       - "^test:"
+      - "^tests:"

AUTHORS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# authors
+
+> If you're looking at this and you hack on `abra` and you're not listed here,
+> please do add yourself! This is a community project, let's show some :heart:
+
+- 3wordchant
+- cassowary
+- codegod100
+- decentral1se
+- frando
+- kawaiipunk
+- knoflook
+- moritz
+- roxxers
+- vera
+- yksflip

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+FROM golang:1.20-alpine AS build
+
+ENV GOPRIVATE coopcloud.tech
+
+RUN apk add --no-cache make git gcc musl-dev
+
+COPY . /app
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 make build
+
+FROM scratch
+
+COPY --from=build /app/abra /abra
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/abra"]

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Abra: The Co-op Cloud utility belt
+Copyright (C) 2022 Co-op Cloud <helo@coopcloud.tech>
+
+This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Makefile

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-ABRA    := ./cmd/abra
-COMMIT  := $(shell git rev-list -1 HEAD)
-GOPATH  := $(shell go env GOPATH)
-LDFLAGS := "-X 'main.Commit=$(COMMIT)'"
+ABRA         := ./cmd/abra
+KADABRA      := ./cmd/kadabra
+COMMIT       := $(shell git rev-list -1 HEAD)
+GOPATH       := $(shell go env GOPATH)
+LDFLAGS      := "-X 'main.Commit=$(COMMIT)'"
 DIST_LDFLAGS := $(LDFLAGS)" -s -w"
+
 export GOPRIVATE=coopcloud.tech
 
-all: run test install build clean format check static
+all: format check build test
 
 run:
 	@go run -ldflags=$(LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
@@ -14,25 +16,32 @@ install:
 	@go install -ldflags=$(LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
 
 build-dev:
-	@go build -ldflags=$(LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
+	@go build -v -ldflags=$(LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
 
 build:
-	@go build -ldflags=$(DIST_LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
+	@go build -v -ldflags=$(DIST_LDFLAGS) $(ABRA)
+	@go build -v -ldflags=$(DIST_LDFLAGS) $(KADABRA)
 
 clean:
 	@rm '$(GOPATH)/bin/abra'
+	@rm '$(GOPATH)/bin/kadabra'
 
 format:
 	@gofmt -s -w .
 
 check:
-	@test -z $$(gofmt -l .) || (echo "gofmt: formatting issue - run 'make format' to resolve" && exit 1)
-
-static:
-	@staticcheck $(ABRA)
+	@test -z $$(gofmt -l .) || \
+	(echo "gofmt: formatting issue - run 'make format' to resolve" && exit 1)
 
 test:
-	@go test ./... -cover
+	@go test ./... -cover -v
 
 loc:
 	@find . -name "*.go" | xargs wc -l
+
+loc-author:
+	@git ls-files -z | \
+		xargs -0rn 1 -P "$$(nproc)" -I{} sh -c 'git blame -w -M -C -C --line-porcelain -- {} | grep -I --line-buffered "^author "' | \
+   	sort -f | \
+   	uniq -ic | \
+   	sort -n

README.md

@@ -1,72 +1,13 @@
-# abra
-
-> https://coopcloud.tech
+# `abra`
 
 [![Build Status](https://build.coopcloud.tech/api/badges/coop-cloud/abra/status.svg?ref=refs/heads/main)](https://build.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra)](https://goreportcard.com/report/git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra)
+[![Go Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/badge/coopcloud.tech/abra.svg)](https://pkg.go.dev/coopcloud.tech/abra)
 
 The Co-op Cloud utility belt 🎩🐇
 
-`abra` is a command-line tool for managing your own [Co-op Cloud](https://coopcloud.tech). It can provision new servers, create applications, deploy them, run backup and restore operations and a whole lot of other things. It is the go-to tool for day-to-day operations when managing a Co-op Cloud instance.
+<a href="https://github.com/egonelbre/gophers"><img align="right" width="150" src="https://github.com/egonelbre/gophers/raw/master/.thumb/sketch/adventure/poking-fire.png"/></a>
 
-## Install
+`abra` is the flagship client & command-line tool for Co-op Cloud. It has been developed specifically for the purpose of making the day-to-day operations of [operators](https://docs.coopcloud.tech/operators/) and [maintainers](https://docs.coopcloud.tech/maintainers/) pleasant & convenient. It is libre software, written in [Go](https://go.dev) and maintained and extended by the community :heart:
 
-### Arch-based Linux Distros
-
-[abra (coming-soon)](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/abra/) or for the latest version on git [abra-git](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/abra-git/)
-
-```sh
-yay -S abra-git # or abra
-```
-
-### Debian-based Linux Distros
-
-**Coming Soon**
-
-### Homebrew
-
-**Coming Soon**
-
-### Build from source
-
-```sh
-git clone https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra
-cd abra
-go env -w GOPRIVATE=coopcloud.tech
-make install
-```
-
-The abra binary will be in `$GOPATH/bin`.
-
-## Hacking
-
-Install direnv, run `cp .envrc.sample .envrc`, then run `direnv allow` in this directory. This will set coopcloud repos as private due to [this bug.](https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/coopcloud.tech/issues/20#issuecomment-8201). Or you can run `go env -w GOPRIVATE=coopcloud.tech` but I'm not sure how persistent this is.
-
-Install [Go >= 1.16](https://golang.org/doc/install) and then:
-
-- `make build` to build
-- `./abra` to run commands
-- `make test` will run tests
-
-Our [Drone CI configuration](.drone.yml) runs a number of sanity on each pushed commit. See the [Makefile](./Makefile) for more handy targets.
-
-Please use the [conventional commit format](https://www.conventionalcommits.org/en/v1.0.0/) for your commits so we can automate our change log.
-
-## Versioning
-
-We use [goreleaser](https://goreleaser.com) to help us automate releases. We
-use [semver](https://semver.org) for versioning all releases of the tool. While
-we are still in the public alpha release phase, we will maintain a
-`0.y.z-alpha` format. Change logs are generated from our commit logs. We are
-still working this out and aim to refine our release praxis as we go.
-
-## Fork maintenance
-
-We maintain a fork of [godotenv](https://github.com/Autonomic-Cooperative/godotenv) for two features:
-
-1. multi-line env var support
-2. inline comment parsing
-
-You can upgrade the version here by running `go get github.com/Autonomic-Cooperative/godotenv@<commit>` where `<commit>` is the
-latest commit you want to pin to. We are aiming to migrate to YAML format for the environment configuration, so this should only
-be a temporary thing.
+Please see [docs.coopcloud.tech/abra](https://docs.coopcloud.tech/abra) for help on install, upgrade, hacking, troubleshooting & more!

TODO.md

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# TODO
-
-## Bash feature parity
-
-- [ ] Commands
-  - [x] `abra server`
-    - [x] `ls`
-    - [x] `add`
-    - [x] `new`
-      - [x] `capsul`
-      - [x] `hetzner`
-    - [x] `rm`
-    - [x] `init`
-  - [ ] `abra app`
-    - [x] `ls`
-    - [x] `new`
-    - [x] `backup`
-    - [x] `deploy`
-    - [x] `check`
-    - [x] `version`
-    - [x] `config`
-    - [x] `cp`
-    - [x] `logs`
-    - [x] `ps`
-    - [x] `restore`
-    - [x] `rm`
-    - [x] `run`
-    - [ ] `rollback`
-    - [x] `secret`
-      - [x] `generate`
-      - [x] `insert`
-      - [x] `rm`
-      - [x] `ls`
-    - [x] `undeploy`
-    - [ ] `volume`
-      - [x] `ls` (WIP: knoflook)
-      - [ ] `rm` (WIP: knoflook)
-  - [x] `abra recipe`
-    - [x] `ls`
-    - [x] `create`
-    - [x] `upgrade`
-    - [x] `sync`
-    - [x] `versions`
-    - [x] `lint`
-  - [ ] `upgrade`
-  - [x] `version`
-
-## Next phase
-
-- [ ] Polishing UI/UX and testing
-- [ ] Refactoring and code organisation
-- [ ] Automated builds for releasing
-
-## New features
-
-- [ ] Commands
-  - [ ] `abra server`
-    - [ ] `dns`
-      - [ ] `gandi`
-  - [ ] `abra recipe`
-    - [ ] "TBD apps.json generating command" (see [#40](https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/go-abra/issues/40))
-- [ ] Package manager integration
-  - [x] AUR
-  - [ ] Debian
-  - [ ] Ubuntu
-  - [ ] Fedora
-  - [ ] Homebrew

cli/app/app.go

@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-// AppCommand defines the `abra app` command and ets subcommands
-var AppCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "app",
-	Usage:     "Manage apps",
-	Aliases:   []string{"a"},
-	ArgsUsage: "<app>",
-	Description: `
-This command provides all the functionality you need to manage the life cycle
-of your apps. From initial deployment, day-2 operations (e.g. backup/restore)
-to scaling apps up and spinning them down.
-`,
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
-		appNewCommand,
-		appConfigCommand,
-		appDeployCommand,
-		appUndeployCommand,
+var AppCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:        "app",
+	Aliases:     []string{"a"},
+	Usage:       "Manage apps",
+	ArgsUsage:   "<domain>",
+	Description: "Functionality for managing the life cycle of your apps",
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
 		appBackupCommand,
-		appRestoreCommand,
-		appRemoveCommand,
 		appCheckCommand,
-		appListCommand,
-		appPsCommand,
-		appLogsCommand,
+		appCmdCommand,
+		appConfigCommand,
 		appCpCommand,
-		appRunCommand,
+		appDeployCommand,
+		appErrorsCommand,
+		appListCommand,
+		appLogsCommand,
+		appNewCommand,
+		appPsCommand,
+		appRemoveCommand,
+		appRestartCommand,
+		appRestoreCommand,
 		appRollbackCommand,
+		appRunCommand,
 		appSecretCommand,
-		appVolumeCommand,
+		appServicesCommand,
+		appUndeployCommand,
+		appUpgradeCommand,
 		appVersionCommand,
+		appVolumeCommand,
 	},
 }

cli/app/backup.go

@@ -1,78 +1,399 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"errors"
+	"archive/tar"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	containerPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/container"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/container"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
+	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var backupAllServices bool
-var backupAllServicesFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "all",
-	Value:       false,
-	Destination: &backupAllServices,
-	Aliases:     []string{"a"},
-	Usage:       "Backup all services",
+type backupConfig struct {
+	preHookCmd  string
+	postHookCmd string
+	backupPaths []string
 }
 
-var appBackupCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appBackupCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "backup",
-	Usage:     "Backup an app",
-	Aliases:   []string{"b"},
-	Flags:     []cli.Flag{backupAllServicesFlag},
-	ArgsUsage: "<service>",
+	Aliases:   []string{"bk"},
+	Usage:     "Run app backup",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> [<service>]",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Description: `
+Run an app backup.
+
+A backup command and pre/post hook commands are defined in the recipe
+configuration. Abra reads this configuration and run the comands in the context
+of the deployed services. Pass <service> if you only want to back up a single
+service. All backups are placed in the ~/.abra/backups directory.
+
+A single backup file is produced for all backup paths specified for a service.
+If we have the following backup configuration:
+
+    - "backupbot.backup.path=/var/lib/foo,/var/lib/bar"
+
+And we run "abra app backup example.com app", Abra will produce a file that
+looks like:
+
+    ~/.abra/backups/example_com_app_609341138.tar.gz
+
+This file is a compressed archive which contains all backup paths. To see paths, run:
+
+    tar -tf ~/.abra/backups/example_com_app_609341138.tar.gz
+
+(Make sure to change the name of the backup file)
+
+This single file can be used to restore your app. See "abra app restore" for more.
+`,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		if c.Args().Get(1) != "" && backupAllServices {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("cannot use '<service>' and '--all' together"))
-		}
-
-		abraSh := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "apps", app.Type, "abra.sh")
-		if _, err := os.Stat(abraSh); err != nil {
-			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' does not exist?", abraSh)
-			}
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		sourceCmd := fmt.Sprintf("source %s", abraSh)
-
-		execCmd := "abra_backup"
-		if !backupAllServices {
-			serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
-			if serviceName == "" {
-				internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no service(s) target provided"))
-			}
-			execCmd = fmt.Sprintf("abra_backup_%s", serviceName)
-		}
-
-		bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(abraSh)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(string(bytes), execCmd) {
-			logrus.Fatalf("%s doesn't have a '%s' function", app.Type, execCmd)
-		}
-
-		sourceAndExec := fmt.Sprintf("%s; %s", sourceCmd, execCmd)
-		cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", sourceAndExec)
-		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		fmt.Print(string(output))
+		recipe, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		backupConfigs := make(map[string]backupConfig)
+		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
+			if backupsEnabled, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.backup"]; ok {
+				if backupsEnabled == "true" {
+					fullServiceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), service.Name)
+					bkConfig := backupConfig{}
+
+					logrus.Debugf("backup config detected for %s", fullServiceName)
+
+					if paths, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.backup.path"]; ok {
+						logrus.Debugf("detected backup paths for %s: %s", fullServiceName, paths)
+						bkConfig.backupPaths = strings.Split(paths, ",")
+					}
+
+					if preHookCmd, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.backup.pre-hook"]; ok {
+						logrus.Debugf("detected pre-hook command for %s: %s", fullServiceName, preHookCmd)
+						bkConfig.preHookCmd = preHookCmd
+					}
+
+					if postHookCmd, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.backup.post-hook"]; ok {
+						logrus.Debugf("detected post-hook command for %s: %s", fullServiceName, postHookCmd)
+						bkConfig.postHookCmd = postHookCmd
+					}
+
+					backupConfigs[service.Name] = bkConfig
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
+		if serviceName != "" {
+			backupConfig, ok := backupConfigs[serviceName]
+			if !ok {
+				logrus.Fatalf("no backup config for %s? does %s exist?", serviceName, serviceName)
+			}
+
+			logrus.Infof("running backup for the %s service", serviceName)
+
+			if err := runBackup(cl, app, serviceName, backupConfig); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if len(backupConfigs) == 0 {
+				logrus.Fatalf("no backup configs discovered for %s?", app.Name)
+			}
+
+			for serviceName, backupConfig := range backupConfigs {
+				logrus.Infof("running backup for the %s service", serviceName)
+
+				if err := runBackup(cl, app, serviceName, backupConfig); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+// TimeStamp generates a file name friendly timestamp.
+func TimeStamp() string {
+	ts := time.Now().UTC().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	return strings.Replace(ts, ":", "-", -1)
+}
+
+// runBackup does the actual backup logic.
+func runBackup(cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, serviceName string, bkConfig backupConfig) error {
+	if len(bkConfig.backupPaths) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("backup paths are empty for %s?", serviceName)
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: avoid instantiating a new CLI
+	dcli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+	filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName))
+
+	targetContainer, err := containerPkg.GetContainer(context.Background(), cl, filters, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fullServiceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName)
+	if bkConfig.preHookCmd != "" {
+		splitCmd := internal.SafeSplit(bkConfig.preHookCmd)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("split pre-hook command for %s into %s", fullServiceName, splitCmd)
+
+		preHookExecOpts := types.ExecConfig{
+			AttachStderr: true,
+			AttachStdin:  true,
+			AttachStdout: true,
+			Cmd:          splitCmd,
+			Detach:       false,
+			Tty:          true,
+		}
+
+		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &preHookExecOpts); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to run %s on %s: %s", bkConfig.preHookCmd, targetContainer.ID, err.Error())
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("succesfully ran %s pre-hook command: %s", fullServiceName, bkConfig.preHookCmd)
+	}
+
+	var tempBackupPaths []string
+	for _, remoteBackupPath := range bkConfig.backupPaths {
+		sanitisedPath := strings.ReplaceAll(remoteBackupPath, "/", "_")
+		localBackupPath := filepath.Join(config.BACKUP_DIR, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s_%s.tar.gz", fullServiceName, sanitisedPath, TimeStamp()))
+		logrus.Debugf("temporarily backing up %s:%s to %s", fullServiceName, remoteBackupPath, localBackupPath)
+
+		logrus.Infof("backing up %s:%s", fullServiceName, remoteBackupPath)
+
+		content, _, err := cl.CopyFromContainer(context.Background(), targetContainer.ID, remoteBackupPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("failed to copy %s from container: %s", remoteBackupPath, err.Error())
+			if err := cleanupTempArchives(tempBackupPaths); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary archives: %s", err.Error())
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy %s from container: %s", remoteBackupPath, err.Error())
+		}
+		defer content.Close()
+
+		_, srcBase := archive.SplitPathDirEntry(remoteBackupPath)
+		preArchive := archive.RebaseArchiveEntries(content, srcBase, remoteBackupPath)
+		if err := copyToFile(localBackupPath, preArchive); err != nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("failed to create tar archive (%s): %s", localBackupPath, err.Error())
+			if err := cleanupTempArchives(tempBackupPaths); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary archives: %s", err.Error())
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create tar archive (%s): %s", localBackupPath, err.Error())
+		}
+
+		tempBackupPaths = append(tempBackupPaths, localBackupPath)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("compressing and merging archives...")
+
+	if err := mergeArchives(tempBackupPaths, fullServiceName); err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("failed to merge archive files: %s", err.Error())
+		if err := cleanupTempArchives(tempBackupPaths); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary archives: %s", err.Error())
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge archive files: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := cleanupTempArchives(tempBackupPaths); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to clean up temporary archives: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if bkConfig.postHookCmd != "" {
+		splitCmd := internal.SafeSplit(bkConfig.postHookCmd)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("split post-hook command for %s into %s", fullServiceName, splitCmd)
+
+		postHookExecOpts := types.ExecConfig{
+			AttachStderr: true,
+			AttachStdin:  true,
+			AttachStdout: true,
+			Cmd:          splitCmd,
+			Detach:       false,
+			Tty:          true,
+		}
+
+		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &postHookExecOpts); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("succesfully ran %s post-hook command: %s", fullServiceName, bkConfig.postHookCmd)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyToFile(outfile string, r io.Reader) error {
+	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(outfile), ".tar_temp")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	tmpPath := tmpFile.Name()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(tmpFile, r)
+	tmpFile.Close()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = os.Rename(tmpPath, outfile); err != nil {
+		os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func cleanupTempArchives(tarPaths []string) error {
+	for _, tarPath := range tarPaths {
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(tarPath); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("remove temporary archive file %s", tarPath)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func mergeArchives(tarPaths []string, serviceName string) error {
+	var out io.Writer
+	var cout *pgzip.Writer
+
+	localBackupPath := filepath.Join(config.BACKUP_DIR, fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s.tar.gz", serviceName, TimeStamp()))
+
+	fout, err := os.Create(localBackupPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Failed to open %s: %s", localBackupPath, err)
+	}
+
+	defer fout.Close()
+	out = fout
+
+	cout = pgzip.NewWriter(out)
+	out = cout
+
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(out)
+
+	for _, tarPath := range tarPaths {
+		if err := addTar(tw, tarPath); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge %s: %v", tarPath, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := tw.Close(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to close tar writer %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if cout != nil {
+		if err := cout.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to flush: %s", err)
+		} else if err = cout.Close(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to close compressed writer: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("backed up %s to %s", serviceName, localBackupPath)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func addTar(tw *tar.Writer, pth string) (err error) {
+	var tr *tar.Reader
+	var rc io.ReadCloser
+	var hdr *tar.Header
+
+	if tr, rc, err = openTarFile(pth); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for {
+		if hdr, err = tr.Next(); err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		if err = tw.WriteHeader(hdr); err != nil {
+			break
+		} else if _, err = io.Copy(tw, tr); err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		err = rc.Close()
+	} else {
+		rc.Close()
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func openTarFile(pth string) (tr *tar.Reader, rc io.ReadCloser, err error) {
+	var fin *os.File
+	var n int
+	buff := make([]byte, 1024)
+
+	if fin, err = os.Open(pth); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if n, err = fin.Read(buff); err != nil {
+		fin.Close()
+		return
+	} else if n == 0 {
+		fin.Close()
+		err = fmt.Errorf("%s is empty", pth)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if _, err = fin.Seek(0, 0); err != nil {
+		fin.Close()
+		return
+	}
+
+	rc = fin
+	tr = tar.NewReader(rc)
+
+	return tr, rc, nil
+}

cli/app/check.go

@@ -6,23 +6,31 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appCheckCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appCheckCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "check",
+	Aliases:   []string{"chk"},
 	Usage:     "Check if app is configured correctly",
-	Aliases:   []string{"c"},
-	ArgsUsage: "<service>",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		envSamplePath := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "apps", app.Type, ".env.sample")
+		envSamplePath := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, ".env.sample")
 		if _, err := os.Stat(envSamplePath); err != nil {
 			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' does not exist?", envSamplePath)
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s does not exist?", envSamplePath)
 			}
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -44,8 +52,9 @@ var appCheckCommand = &cli.Command{
 			logrus.Fatalf("%s is missing %s", app.Path, missingEnvVars)
 		}
 
-		logrus.Info("All necessary environment variables defined")
+		logrus.Infof("all necessary environment variables defined for %s", app.Name)
 
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 }

cli/app/cmd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appCmdCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "command",
+	Aliases: []string{"cmd"},
+	Usage:   "Run app commands",
+	Description: `
+Run an app specific command.
+
+These commands are bash functions, defined in the abra.sh of the recipe itself.
+They can be run within the context of a service (e.g. app) or locally on your
+work station by passing "--local". Arguments can be passed into these functions
+using the "-- <args>" syntax.
+
+Example:
+
+  abra app cmd example.com app create_user -- me@example.com
+`,
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> [<service>] <command> [-- <args>]",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.LocalCmdFlag,
+		internal.RemoteUserFlag,
+		internal.TtyFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if internal.LocalCmd && internal.RemoteUser != "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("cannot use --local & --user together"))
+		}
+
+		hasCmdArgs, parsedCmdArgs := parseCmdArgs(c.Args(), internal.LocalCmd)
+
+		abraSh := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, "abra.sh")
+		if _, err := os.Stat(abraSh); err != nil {
+			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s does not exist for %s?", abraSh, app.Name)
+			}
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if internal.LocalCmd {
+			cmdName := c.Args().Get(1)
+			if err := internal.EnsureCommand(abraSh, app.Recipe, cmdName); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			logrus.Debugf("--local detected, running %s on local work station", cmdName)
+
+			var exportEnv string
+			for k, v := range app.Env {
+				exportEnv = exportEnv + fmt.Sprintf("%s='%s'; ", k, v)
+			}
+			var sourceAndExec string
+			if hasCmdArgs {
+				logrus.Debugf("parsed following command arguments: %s", parsedCmdArgs)
+				sourceAndExec = fmt.Sprintf("TARGET=local; APP_NAME=%s; STACK_NAME=%s; %s . %s; %s %s", app.Name, app.StackName(), exportEnv, abraSh, cmdName, parsedCmdArgs)
+			} else {
+				logrus.Debug("did not detect any command arguments")
+				sourceAndExec = fmt.Sprintf("TARGET=local; APP_NAME=%s; STACK_NAME=%s; %s . %s; %s", app.Name, app.StackName(), exportEnv, abraSh, cmdName)
+			}
+
+			shell := "/bin/bash"
+			if _, err := os.Stat(shell); errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				logrus.Debugf("%s does not exist locally, use /bin/sh as fallback", shell)
+				shell = "/bin/sh"
+			}
+			cmd := exec.Command(shell, "-c", sourceAndExec)
+
+			if err := internal.RunCmd(cmd); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			targetServiceName := c.Args().Get(1)
+
+			cmdName := c.Args().Get(2)
+			if err := internal.EnsureCommand(abraSh, app.Recipe, cmdName); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			serviceNames, err := config.GetAppServiceNames(app.Name)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			matchingServiceName := false
+			for _, serviceName := range serviceNames {
+				if serviceName == targetServiceName {
+					matchingServiceName = true
+				}
+			}
+
+			if !matchingServiceName {
+				logrus.Fatalf("no service %s for %s?", targetServiceName, app.Name)
+			}
+
+			logrus.Debugf("running command %s within the context of %s_%s", cmdName, app.StackName(), targetServiceName)
+
+			if hasCmdArgs {
+				logrus.Debugf("parsed following command arguments: %s", parsedCmdArgs)
+			} else {
+				logrus.Debug("did not detect any command arguments")
+			}
+
+			if err := internal.RunCmdRemote(cl, app, abraSh, targetServiceName, cmdName, parsedCmdArgs); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func parseCmdArgs(args []string, isLocal bool) (bool, string) {
+	var (
+		parsedCmdArgs string
+		hasCmdArgs    bool
+	)
+
+	if isLocal {
+		if len(args) > 2 {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("%s ", strings.Join(args[2:], " "))
+		}
+	} else {
+		if len(args) > 3 {
+			return true, fmt.Sprintf("%s ", strings.Join(args[3:], " "))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return hasCmdArgs, parsedCmdArgs
+}

cli/app/cmd_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestParseCmdArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		input          []string
+		shouldParse    bool
+		expectedOutput string
+	}{
+		// `--` is not parsed when passed in from the command-line e.g. -- foo bar baz
+		// so we need to eumlate that as missing when testing if bash args are passed in
+		// see https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/organising/issues/336 for more
+		{[]string{"foo.com", "app", "test"}, false, ""},
+		{[]string{"foo.com", "app", "test", "foo"}, true, "foo "},
+		{[]string{"foo.com", "app", "test", "foo", "bar", "baz"}, true, "foo bar baz "},
+	}
+
+	for _, test := range tests {
+		ok, parsed := parseCmdArgs(test.input, false)
+		if ok != test.shouldParse {
+			t.Fatalf("[%s] should not parse", strings.Join(test.input, " "))
+		}
+		if parsed != test.expectedOutput {
+			t.Fatalf("%s does not match %s", parsed, test.expectedOutput)
+		}
+	}
+}

cli/app/config.go

@@ -1,21 +1,44 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appConfigCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "config",
-	Aliases: []string{"c"},
-	Usage:   "Edit app config",
+var appConfigCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "config",
+	Aliases:   []string{"cfg"},
+	Usage:     "Edit app config",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		appName := c.Args().First()
+
+		if appName == "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no app provided"))
+		}
+
+		files, err := config.LoadAppFiles("")
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		appFile, exists := files[appName]
+		if !exists {
+			logrus.Fatalf("cannot find app with name %s", appName)
+		}
 
 		ed, ok := os.LookupEnv("EDITOR")
 		if !ok {
@@ -28,7 +51,7 @@ var appConfigCommand = &cli.Command{
 			}
 		}
 
-		cmd := exec.Command(ed, app.Path)
+		cmd := exec.Command(ed, appFile.Path)
 		cmd.Stdin = os.Stdin
 		cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
 		cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
@@ -38,4 +61,5 @@ var appConfigCommand = &cli.Command{
 
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 }

cli/app/cp.go

@@ -7,22 +7,50 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/container"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appCpCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appCpCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "cp",
 	Aliases:   []string{"c"},
-	ArgsUsage: "<src> <dst>",
-	Usage:     "Copy files to/from a running app service",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> <src> <dst>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:  "Copy files to/from a running app service",
+	Description: `
+Copy files to and from any app service file system.
+
+If you want to copy a myfile.txt to the root of the app service:
+
+    abra app cp <domain> myfile.txt app:/
+
+And if you want to copy that file back to your current working directory locally:
+
+		abra app cp <domain> app:/myfile.txt .
+`,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
 
 		src := c.Args().Get(1)
 		dst := c.Args().Get(2)
@@ -55,67 +83,74 @@ var appCpCommand = &cli.Command{
 			service = parsedSrc[0]
 			srcPath = parsedSrc[1]
 			dstPath = dst
+			logrus.Debugf("assuming transfer is coming FROM the container")
 		} else if len(parsedDst) == 2 {
 			service = parsedDst[0]
 			dstPath = parsedDst[1]
 			srcPath = src
 			isToContainer = true // <src> <container:dst>
+			logrus.Debugf("assuming transfer is going TO the container")
 		}
 
-		appFiles, err := config.LoadAppFiles("")
-		if err != nil {
+		if !isToContainer {
+			if _, err := os.Stat(dstPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s does not exist locally?", dstPath)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := configureAndCp(c, cl, app, srcPath, dstPath, service, isToContainer); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		appEnv, err := config.GetApp(appFiles, app.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", appEnv.StackName(), service))
-		containers, err := cl.ContainerList(ctx, types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if len(containers) != 1 {
-			logrus.Fatalf("expected 1 container but got %v", len(containers))
-		}
-		container := containers[0]
-
-		if isToContainer {
-			if _, err := os.Stat(srcPath); err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' does not exist?", srcPath)
-			}
-
-			toTarOpts := &archive.TarOptions{NoOverwriteDirNonDir: true, Compression: archive.Gzip}
-			content, err := archive.TarWithOptions(srcPath, toTarOpts)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-
-			copyOpts := types.CopyToContainerOptions{AllowOverwriteDirWithFile: false, CopyUIDGID: false}
-			if err := cl.CopyToContainer(ctx, container.ID, dstPath, content, copyOpts); err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			content, _, err := cl.CopyFromContainer(ctx, container.ID, srcPath)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			defer content.Close()
-			fromTarOpts := &archive.TarOptions{NoOverwriteDirNonDir: true, Compression: archive.Gzip}
-			if err := archive.Untar(content, dstPath, fromTarOpts); err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-		}
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+}
+
+func configureAndCp(
+	c *cli.Context,
+	cl *dockerClient.Client,
+	app config.App,
+	srcPath string,
+	dstPath string,
+	service string,
+	isToContainer bool) error {
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+	filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), service))
+
+	container, err := container.GetContainer(context.Background(), cl, filters, internal.NoInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s as target container on %s", formatter.ShortenID(container.ID), app.Server)
+
+	if isToContainer {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(srcPath); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s does not exist?", srcPath)
+		}
+
+		toTarOpts := &archive.TarOptions{NoOverwriteDirNonDir: true, Compression: archive.Gzip}
+		content, err := archive.TarWithOptions(srcPath, toTarOpts)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		copyOpts := types.CopyToContainerOptions{AllowOverwriteDirWithFile: false, CopyUIDGID: false}
+		if err := cl.CopyToContainer(context.Background(), container.ID, dstPath, content, copyOpts); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		content, _, err := cl.CopyFromContainer(context.Background(), container.ID, srcPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		defer content.Close()
+		fromTarOpts := &archive.TarOptions{NoOverwriteDirNonDir: true, Compression: archive.Gzip}
+		if err := archive.Untar(content, dstPath, fromTarOpts); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

cli/app/deploy.go

@@ -1,29 +1,150 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/git"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/lint"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appDeployCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "deploy",
-	Aliases: []string{"d"},
-	Usage:   "Deploy an app",
+var appDeployCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "deploy",
+	Aliases:   []string{"d"},
+	Usage:     "Deploy an app",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.ForceFlag,
+		internal.ChaosFlag,
+		internal.NoDomainChecksFlag,
+		internal.DontWaitConvergeFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Deploy an app. It does not support incrementing the version of a deployed app,
+for this you need to look at the "abra app upgrade <domain>" command.
+
+You may pass "--force" to re-deploy the same version again. This can be useful
+if the container runtime has gotten into a weird state.
+
+Chas mode ("--chaos") will deploy your local checkout of a recipe as-is,
+including unstaged changes and can be useful for live hacking and testing new
+recipes.
+`,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		stackName := app.StackName()
 
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		abraShPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", config.APPS_DIR, app.Type, "abra.sh")
+		if !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureUpToDate(app.Recipe, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		r, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := lint.LintForErrors(r); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("checking whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+		isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if isDeployed {
+			if internal.Force || internal.Chaos {
+				logrus.Warnf("%s is already deployed but continuing (--force/--chaos)", app.Name)
+			} else {
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s is already deployed", app.Name)
+			}
+		}
+
+		version := deployedVersion
+		if version == "unknown" && !internal.Chaos {
+			catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			versions, err := recipe.GetRecipeCatalogueVersions(app.Recipe, catl)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if len(versions) > 0 {
+				version = versions[len(versions)-1]
+				logrus.Debugf("choosing %s as version to deploy", version)
+				if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(app.Recipe, version); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			} else {
+				head, err := git.GetRecipeHead(app.Recipe)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				version = formatter.SmallSHA(head.String())
+				logrus.Warn("no versions detected, using latest commit")
+				if err := recipe.EnsureLatest(app.Recipe, conf); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if version == "unknown" && !internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Debugf("choosing %s as version to deploy", version)
+			if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(app.Recipe, version); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if version != "unknown" && !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(app.Recipe, version); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Warnf("chaos mode engaged")
+			var err error
+			version, err = recipe.ChaosVersion(app.Recipe)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		abraShPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, "abra.sh")
 		abraShEnv, err := config.ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraShPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
@@ -31,15 +152,14 @@ var appDeployCommand = &cli.Command{
 		for k, v := range abraShEnv {
 			app.Env[k] = v
 		}
-		app.Env["STACK_NAME"] = app.StackName()
 
-		composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(app.Type, app.Env)
+		composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(app.Recipe, app.Env)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		deployOpts := stack.Deploy{
 			Composefiles: composeFiles,
-			Namespace:    app.StackName(),
+			Namespace:    stackName,
 			Prune:        false,
 			ResolveImage: stack.ResolveImageAlways,
 		}
@@ -47,11 +167,211 @@ var appDeployCommand = &cli.Command{
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
+		config.ExposeAllEnv(stackName, compose, app.Env)
+		config.SetRecipeLabel(compose, stackName, app.Recipe)
+		config.SetChaosLabel(compose, stackName, internal.Chaos)
+		config.SetChaosVersionLabel(compose, stackName, version)
+		config.SetUpdateLabel(compose, stackName, app.Env)
 
-		if err := stack.RunDeploy(cl, deployOpts, compose); err != nil {
+		if err := DeployOverview(app, version, "continue with deployment?"); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
+		if !internal.NoDomainChecks {
+			domainName, ok := app.Env["DOMAIN"]
+			if ok {
+				if _, err = dns.EnsureDomainsResolveSameIPv4(domainName, app.Server); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			} else {
+				logrus.Warn("skipping domain checks as no DOMAIN=... configured for app")
+			}
+		} else {
+			logrus.Warn("skipping domain checks as requested")
+		}
+
+		stack.WaitTimeout, err = config.GetTimeoutFromLabel(compose, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("set waiting timeout to %d s", stack.WaitTimeout)
+
+		if err := stack.RunDeploy(cl, deployOpts, compose, app.Name, internal.DontWaitConverge); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		postDeployCmds, ok := app.Env["POST_DEPLOY_CMDS"]
+		if ok && !internal.DontWaitConverge {
+			logrus.Debugf("run the following post-deploy commands: %s", postDeployCmds)
+			if err := PostCmds(cl, app, postDeployCmds); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatalf("attempting to run post deploy commands, saw: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+// PostCmds parses a string of commands and executes them inside of the respective services
+// the commands string must have the following format:
+// "<service> <command> <arguments>|<service> <command> <arguments>|... "
+func PostCmds(cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, commands string) error {
+	abraSh := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, "abra.sh")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(abraSh); err != nil {
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return fmt.Errorf(fmt.Sprintf("%s does not exist for %s?", abraSh, app.Name))
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, command := range strings.Split(commands, "|") {
+		commandParts := strings.Split(command, " ")
+		if len(commandParts) < 2 {
+			return fmt.Errorf(fmt.Sprintf("not enough arguments: %s", command))
+		}
+		targetServiceName := commandParts[0]
+		cmdName := commandParts[1]
+		parsedCmdArgs := ""
+		if len(commandParts) > 2 {
+			parsedCmdArgs = fmt.Sprintf("%s ", strings.Join(commandParts[2:], " "))
+		}
+		logrus.Infof("running post-command '%s %s' in container %s", cmdName, parsedCmdArgs, targetServiceName)
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureCommand(abraSh, app.Recipe, cmdName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		serviceNames, err := config.GetAppServiceNames(app.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		matchingServiceName := false
+		for _, serviceName := range serviceNames {
+			if serviceName == targetServiceName {
+				matchingServiceName = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !matchingServiceName {
+			return fmt.Errorf(fmt.Sprintf("no service %s for %s?", targetServiceName, app.Name))
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("running command %s %s within the context of %s_%s", cmdName, parsedCmdArgs, app.StackName(), targetServiceName)
+
+		internal.Tty = true
+		if err := internal.RunCmdRemote(cl, app, abraSh, targetServiceName, cmdName, parsedCmdArgs); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DeployOverview shows a deployment overview
+func DeployOverview(app config.App, version, message string) error {
+	tableCol := []string{"server", "recipe", "config", "domain", "version"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+	deployConfig := "compose.yml"
+	if composeFiles, ok := app.Env["COMPOSE_FILE"]; ok {
+		deployConfig = strings.Join(strings.Split(composeFiles, ":"), "\n")
+	}
+
+	server := app.Server
+	if app.Server == "default" {
+		server = "local"
+	}
+
+	table.Append([]string{server, app.Recipe, deployConfig, app.Domain, version})
+	table.Render()
+
+	if internal.NoInput {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	response := false
+	prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+		Message: message,
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !response {
+		logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// NewVersionOverview shows an upgrade or downgrade overview
+func NewVersionOverview(app config.App, currentVersion, newVersion, releaseNotes string) error {
+	tableCol := []string{"server", "recipe", "config", "domain", "current version", "to be deployed"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+	deployConfig := "compose.yml"
+	if composeFiles, ok := app.Env["COMPOSE_FILE"]; ok {
+		deployConfig = strings.Join(strings.Split(composeFiles, ":"), "\n")
+	}
+
+	server := app.Server
+	if app.Server == "default" {
+		server = "local"
+	}
+
+	table.Append([]string{server, app.Recipe, deployConfig, app.Domain, currentVersion, newVersion})
+	table.Render()
+
+	if releaseNotes == "" {
+		var err error
+		releaseNotes, err = GetReleaseNotes(app.Recipe, newVersion)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if releaseNotes != "" && newVersion != "" {
+		fmt.Println()
+		fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("%s release notes:\n\n%s", newVersion, releaseNotes))
+	} else {
+		logrus.Warnf("no release notes available for %s", newVersion)
+	}
+
+	if internal.NoInput {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	response := false
+	prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+		Message: "continue with deployment?",
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !response {
+		logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetReleaseNotes prints release notes for a recipe version
+func GetReleaseNotes(recipeName, version string) (string, error) {
+	if version == "" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	fpath := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, "release", version)
+
+	if _, err := os.Stat(fpath); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		releaseNotes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fpath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return string(releaseNotes), nil
+	}
+
+	return "", nil
+}

cli/app/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appErrorsCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "errors",
+	Usage:     "List errors for a deployed app",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Description: `
+List errors for a deployed app.
+
+This is a best-effort implementation and an attempt to gather a number of tips
+& tricks for finding errors together into one convenient command. When an app
+is failing to deploy or having issues, it could be a lot of things.
+
+This command currently takes into account:
+
+    Is the service deployed?
+    Is the service killed by an OOM error?
+    Is the service reporting an error (like in "ps --no-trunc" output)
+    Is the service healthcheck failing? what are the healthcheck logs?
+
+Got any more ideas? Please let us know:
+
+    https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/organising/issues/new/choose
+
+This command is best accompanied by "abra app logs <domain>" which may reveal
+further information which can help you debug the cause of an app failure via
+the logs.
+`,
+	Aliases: []string{"e"},
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.WatchFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		isDeployed, _, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, app.StackName())
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		if !internal.Watch {
+			if err := checkErrors(c, cl, app, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		for {
+			if err := checkErrors(c, cl, app, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func checkErrors(c *cli.Context, cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	recipe, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
+		filters := filters.NewArgs()
+		filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), service.Name))
+
+		containers, err := cl.ContainerList(context.Background(), types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if len(containers) == 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("%s is not up, something seems wrong", service.Name)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		container := containers[0]
+		containerState, err := cl.ContainerInspect(context.Background(), container.ID)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if containerState.State.OOMKilled {
+			logrus.Warnf("%s has been killed due to an out of memory error", service.Name)
+		}
+
+		if containerState.State.Error != "" {
+			logrus.Warnf("%s reports this error: %s", service.Name, containerState.State.Error)
+		}
+
+		if containerState.State.Health != nil {
+			if containerState.State.Health.Status != "healthy" {
+				logrus.Warnf("%s healthcheck status is %s", service.Name, containerState.State.Health.Status)
+				logrus.Warnf("%s healthcheck has failed %s times", service.Name, strconv.Itoa(containerState.State.Health.FailingStreak))
+				for _, log := range containerState.State.Health.Log {
+					logrus.Warnf("%s healthcheck logs: %s", service.Name, strings.TrimSpace(log.Output))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getServiceName(names []string) string {
+	containerName := strings.Join(names, " ")
+	trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(containerName, "/")
+	return strings.Split(trimmed, ".")[0]
+}

cli/app/list.go

@@ -1,100 +1,303 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 var status bool
 var statusFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "status",
-	Aliases:     []string{"S"},
-	Value:       false,
+	Name:        "status, S",
 	Usage:       "Show app deployment status",
 	Destination: &status,
 }
 
-var appType string
-var typeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "type",
-	Aliases:     []string{"t"},
+var recipeFilter string
+var recipeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "recipe, r",
 	Value:       "",
-	Usage:       "Show apps of a specific type",
-	Destination: &appType,
+	Usage:       "Show apps of a specific recipe",
+	Destination: &recipeFilter,
 }
 
 var listAppServer string
 var listAppServerFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "server",
-	Aliases:     []string{"s"},
+	Name:        "server, s",
 	Value:       "",
 	Usage:       "Show apps of a specific server",
 	Destination: &listAppServer,
 }
 
-var appListCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:  "list",
-	Usage: "List all managed apps",
+type appStatus struct {
+	Server       string `json:"server"`
+	Recipe       string `json:"recipe"`
+	AppName      string `json:"appName"`
+	Domain       string `json:"domain"`
+	Status       string `json:"status"`
+	Chaos        string `json:"chaos"`
+	ChaosVersion string `json:"chaosVersion"`
+	AutoUpdate   string `json:"autoUpdate"`
+	Version      string `json:"version"`
+	Upgrade      string `json:"upgrade"`
+}
+
+type serverStatus struct {
+	Apps             []appStatus `json:"apps"`
+	AppCount         int         `json:"appCount"`
+	VersionCount     int         `json:"versionCount"`
+	UnversionedCount int         `json:"unversionedCount"`
+	LatestCount      int         `json:"latestCount"`
+	UpgradeCount     int         `json:"upgradeCount"`
+}
+
+var appListCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "list",
+	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+	Usage:   "List all managed apps",
 	Description: `
-This command looks at your local file system listing of apps and servers (e.g.
-in ~/.abra/) to generate a report of all your apps.
+Read the local file system listing of apps and servers (e.g. ~/.abra/) to
+generate a report of all your apps.
 
 By passing the "--status/-S" flag, you can query all your servers for the
 actual live deployment status. Depending on how many servers you manage, this
 can take some time.
-	`,
-	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+`,
 	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.MachineReadableFlag,
 		statusFlag,
 		listAppServerFlag,
-		typeFlag,
+		recipeFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
 	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+
 		appFiles, err := config.LoadAppFiles(listAppServer)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		apps, err := config.GetApps(appFiles)
+		apps, err := config.GetApps(appFiles, recipeFilter)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		sort.Sort(config.ByServerAndType(apps))
 
-		statuses := map[string]string{}
-		tableCol := []string{"Server", "Type", "Domain"}
+		sort.Sort(config.ByServerAndRecipe(apps))
+
+		statuses := make(map[string]map[string]string)
+		var catl recipe.RecipeCatalogue
 		if status {
-			tableCol = append(tableCol, "Status")
-			statuses, err = config.GetAppStatuses(appFiles)
+			alreadySeen := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, app := range apps {
+				if _, ok := alreadySeen[app.Server]; !ok {
+					alreadySeen[app.Server] = true
+				}
+			}
+
+			statuses, err = config.GetAppStatuses(apps, internal.MachineReadable)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			catl, err = recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		}
 
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
-		table.SetAutoMergeCellsByColumnIndex([]int{0})
-
+		var totalServersCount int
+		var totalAppsCount int
+		allStats := make(map[string]serverStatus)
 		for _, app := range apps {
-			var tableRow []string
-			if app.Type == appType || appType == "" {
-				// If type flag is set, check for it, if not, Type == ""
-				tableRow = []string{app.Server, app.Type, app.Domain}
-				if status {
-					if status, ok := statuses[app.StackName()]; ok {
-						tableRow = append(tableRow, status)
-					} else {
-						tableRow = append(tableRow, "unknown")
-					}
+			var stats serverStatus
+			var ok bool
+			if stats, ok = allStats[app.Server]; !ok {
+				stats = serverStatus{}
+				if recipeFilter == "" {
+					// count server, no filtering
+					totalServersCount++
 				}
 			}
-			table.Append(tableRow)
+
+			if app.Recipe == recipeFilter || recipeFilter == "" {
+				if recipeFilter != "" {
+					// only count server if matches filter
+					totalServersCount++
+				}
+
+				appStats := appStatus{}
+				stats.AppCount++
+				totalAppsCount++
+
+				if status {
+					status := "unknown"
+					version := "unknown"
+					chaos := "unknown"
+					chaosVersion := "unknown"
+					autoUpdate := "unknown"
+					if statusMeta, ok := statuses[app.StackName()]; ok {
+						if currentVersion, exists := statusMeta["version"]; exists {
+							if currentVersion != "" {
+								version = currentVersion
+							}
+						}
+						if chaosDeploy, exists := statusMeta["chaos"]; exists {
+							chaos = chaosDeploy
+						}
+						if chaosDeployVersion, exists := statusMeta["chaosVersion"]; exists {
+							chaosVersion = chaosDeployVersion
+						}
+						if autoUpdateState, exists := statusMeta["autoUpdate"]; exists {
+							autoUpdate = autoUpdateState
+						}
+						if statusMeta["status"] != "" {
+							status = statusMeta["status"]
+						}
+						stats.VersionCount++
+					} else {
+						stats.UnversionedCount++
+					}
+
+					appStats.Status = status
+					appStats.Chaos = chaos
+					appStats.ChaosVersion = chaosVersion
+					appStats.Version = version
+					appStats.AutoUpdate = autoUpdate
+
+					var newUpdates []string
+					if version != "unknown" {
+						updates, err := recipe.GetRecipeCatalogueVersions(app.Recipe, catl)
+						if err != nil {
+							logrus.Fatal(err)
+						}
+
+						parsedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(version)
+						if err != nil {
+							logrus.Fatal(err)
+						}
+
+						for _, update := range updates {
+							parsedUpdate, err := tagcmp.Parse(update)
+							if err != nil {
+								logrus.Fatal(err)
+							}
+
+							if update != version && parsedUpdate.IsGreaterThan(parsedVersion) {
+								newUpdates = append(newUpdates, update)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					if len(newUpdates) == 0 {
+						if version == "unknown" {
+							appStats.Upgrade = "unknown"
+						} else {
+							appStats.Upgrade = "latest"
+							stats.LatestCount++
+						}
+					} else {
+						newUpdates = internal.ReverseStringList(newUpdates)
+						appStats.Upgrade = strings.Join(newUpdates, "\n")
+						stats.UpgradeCount++
+					}
+				}
+
+				appStats.Server = app.Server
+				appStats.Recipe = app.Recipe
+				appStats.AppName = app.Name
+				appStats.Domain = app.Domain
+
+				stats.Apps = append(stats.Apps, appStats)
+			}
+			allStats[app.Server] = stats
+		}
+
+		if internal.MachineReadable {
+			jsonstring, err := json.Marshal(allStats)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			} else {
+				fmt.Println(string(jsonstring))
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		alreadySeen := make(map[string]bool)
+		for _, app := range apps {
+			if _, ok := alreadySeen[app.Server]; ok {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			serverStat := allStats[app.Server]
+
+			tableCol := []string{"recipe", "domain"}
+			if status {
+				tableCol = append(tableCol, []string{"status", "chaos", "version", "upgrade", "autoupdate"}...)
+			}
+
+			table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+			for _, appStat := range serverStat.Apps {
+				tableRow := []string{appStat.Recipe, appStat.Domain}
+				if status {
+					chaosStatus := appStat.Chaos
+					if chaosStatus != "unknown" {
+						chaosEnabled, err := strconv.ParseBool(chaosStatus)
+						if err != nil {
+							logrus.Fatal(err)
+						}
+						if chaosEnabled && appStat.ChaosVersion != "unknown" {
+							chaosStatus = appStat.ChaosVersion
+						}
+					}
+					tableRow = append(tableRow, []string{appStat.Status, chaosStatus, appStat.Version, appStat.Upgrade, appStat.AutoUpdate}...)
+				}
+				table.Append(tableRow)
+			}
+
+			if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+				table.Render()
+
+				if status {
+					fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(
+						"server: %s | total apps: %v | versioned: %v | unversioned: %v | latest: %v | upgrade: %v",
+						app.Server,
+						serverStat.AppCount,
+						serverStat.VersionCount,
+						serverStat.UnversionedCount,
+						serverStat.LatestCount,
+						serverStat.UpgradeCount,
+					))
+				} else {
+					fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("server: %s | total apps: %v", app.Server, serverStat.AppCount))
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(allStats) > 1 && table.NumLines() > 0 {
+				fmt.Println() // newline separator for multiple servers
+			}
+
+			alreadySeen[app.Server] = true
+		}
+
+		if len(allStats) > 1 {
+			fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("total servers: %v | total apps: %v ", totalServersCount, totalAppsCount))
 		}
 
-		table.Render()
 		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/app/logs.go

@@ -8,21 +8,38 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/service"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
 	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
+var logOpts = types.ContainerLogsOptions{
+	ShowStderr: true,
+	ShowStdout: true,
+	Since:      "",
+	Until:      "",
+	Timestamps: true,
+	Follow:     true,
+	Tail:       "20",
+	Details:    false,
+}
+
 // stackLogs lists logs for all stack services
-func stackLogs(stackName string, client *dockerClient.Client) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	filters := filters.NewArgs()
-	filters.Add("name", stackName)
+func stackLogs(c *cli.Context, app config.App, client *dockerClient.Client) {
+	filters, err := app.Filters(true, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
 	serviceOpts := types.ServiceListOptions{Filters: filters}
-	services, err := client.ServiceList(ctx, serviceOpts)
+	services, err := client.ServiceList(context.Background(), serviceOpts)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -31,19 +48,14 @@ func stackLogs(stackName string, client *dockerClient.Client) {
 	for _, service := range services {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func(s string) {
-			logOpts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{
-				Details:    true,
-				Follow:     true,
-				ShowStderr: true,
-				ShowStdout: true,
-				Tail:       "20",
-				Timestamps: true,
+			if internal.StdErrOnly {
+				logOpts.ShowStdout = false
 			}
-			logs, err := client.ServiceLogs(ctx, s, logOpts)
+
+			logs, err := client.ServiceLogs(context.Background(), s, logOpts)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			// defer after err check as any err returns a nil io.ReadCloser
 			defer logs.Close()
 
 			_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, logs)
@@ -52,61 +64,74 @@ func stackLogs(stackName string, client *dockerClient.Client) {
 			}
 		}(service.ID)
 	}
+
 	wg.Wait()
+
 	os.Exit(0)
 }
 
-var appLogsCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appLogsCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "logs",
 	Aliases:   []string{"l"},
-	ArgsUsage: "[<service>]",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> [<service>]",
 	Usage:     "Tail app logs",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.StdErrOnlyFlag,
+		internal.SinceLogsFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
+		logOpts.Since = internal.SinceLogs
+
 		serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
 		if serviceName == "" {
-			stackLogs(app.StackName(), cl)
-		}
-
-		service := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName)
-		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", service)
-		serviceOpts := types.ServiceListOptions{Filters: filters}
-		services, err := cl.ServiceList(ctx, serviceOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if len(services) != 1 {
-			logrus.Fatalf("expected 1 service but got %v", len(services))
-		}
-
-		logOpts := types.ContainerLogsOptions{
-			Details:    true,
-			Follow:     true,
-			ShowStderr: true,
-			ShowStdout: true,
-			Tail:       "20",
-			Timestamps: true,
-		}
-		logs, err := cl.ServiceLogs(ctx, services[0].ID, logOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		// defer after err check as any err returns a nil io.ReadCloser
-		defer logs.Close()
-
-		_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, logs)
-		if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
+			logrus.Debugf("tailing logs for all %s services", app.Recipe)
+			stackLogs(c, app, cl)
+		} else {
+			logrus.Debugf("tailing logs for %s", serviceName)
+			if err := tailServiceLogs(c, cl, app, serviceName); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
 		}
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+func tailServiceLogs(c *cli.Context, cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, serviceName string) error {
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+	filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName))
+
+	chosenService, err := service.GetService(context.Background(), cl, filters, internal.NoInput)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if internal.StdErrOnly {
+		logOpts.ShowStdout = false
+	}
+
+	logs, err := cl.ServiceLogs(context.Background(), chosenService.ID, logOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer logs.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(os.Stdout, logs)
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cli/app/new.go

@@ -4,52 +4,29 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"path"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/app"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/jsontable"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
 	recipePkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/secret"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-type secrets map[string]string
-
-var domain string
-var domainFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "domain",
-	Aliases:     []string{"d"},
-	Value:       "",
-	Usage:       "Choose a domain name",
-	Destination: &domain,
-}
-
-var newAppServer string
-var newAppServerFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "server",
-	Aliases:     []string{"s"},
-	Value:       "",
-	Usage:       "Show apps of a specific server",
-	Destination: &listAppServer,
-}
-
-var newAppName string
-var newAppNameFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "app-name",
-	Aliases:     []string{"a"},
-	Value:       "",
-	Usage:       "Choose an app name",
-	Destination: &newAppName,
-}
-
 var appNewDescription = `
-This command takes a recipe and uses it to create a new app. This new app
-configuration is stored in your ~/.abra directory under the appropriate server.
+Take a recipe and uses it to create a new app. This new app configuration is
+stored in your ~/.abra directory under the appropriate server.
 
 This command does not deploy your app for you. You will need to run "abra app
-deploy <app>" to do so.
+deploy <domain>" to do so.
 
 You can see what recipes are available (i.e. values for the <recipe> argument)
 by running "abra recipe ls".
@@ -64,97 +41,127 @@ pass store (see passwordstore.org for more). The pass command must be available
 on your $PATH.
 `
 
-var appNewCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appNewCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:        "new",
-	Usage:       "Create a new app",
 	Aliases:     []string{"n"},
+	Usage:       "Create a new app",
 	Description: appNewDescription,
 	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		newAppServerFlag,
-		domainFlag,
-		newAppNameFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.NewAppServerFlag,
+		internal.DomainFlag,
 		internal.PassFlag,
 		internal.SecretsFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
 	},
-	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
-	Action:    action,
+	Before:    internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	ArgsUsage: "[<recipe>]",
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipeWithPrompt(c, conf)
+
+		if err := recipePkg.EnsureUpToDate(recipe.Name, conf); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := ensureServerFlag(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := ensureDomainFlag(recipe, internal.NewAppServer); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		sanitisedAppName := config.SanitiseAppName(internal.Domain)
+		logrus.Debugf("%s sanitised as %s for new app", internal.Domain, sanitisedAppName)
+
+		if err := config.TemplateAppEnvSample(
+			recipe.Name,
+			internal.Domain,
+			internal.NewAppServer,
+			internal.Domain,
+		); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := promptForSecrets(internal.Domain); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		cl, err := client.New(internal.NewAppServer)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var secrets AppSecrets
+		var secretTable *jsontable.JSONTable
+		if internal.Secrets {
+			secrets, err := createSecrets(cl, sanitisedAppName)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			secretCols := []string{"Name", "Value"}
+			secretTable = formatter.CreateTable(secretCols)
+			for secret := range secrets {
+				secretTable.Append([]string{secret, secrets[secret]})
+			}
+
+		}
+
+		if internal.NewAppServer == "default" {
+			internal.NewAppServer = "local"
+		}
+
+		tableCol := []string{"server", "recipe", "domain"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+		table.Append([]string{internal.NewAppServer, recipe.Name, internal.Domain})
+
+		fmt.Println("")
+		fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("A new %s app has been created! Here is an overview:", recipe.Name))
+		fmt.Println("")
+		table.Render()
+		fmt.Println("")
+		fmt.Println("You can configure this app by running the following:")
+		fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("\n    abra app config %s", internal.Domain))
+		fmt.Println("")
+		fmt.Println("You can deploy this app by running the following:")
+		fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf("\n    abra app deploy %s", internal.Domain))
+		fmt.Println("")
+
+		if len(secrets) > 0 {
+			fmt.Println("Here are your generated secrets:")
+			fmt.Println("")
+			secretTable.Render()
+			fmt.Println("")
+			logrus.Warn("generated secrets are not shown again, please take note of them *now*")
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
 }
 
-// getRecipeMeta retrieves the recipe metadata from the recipe catalogue.
-func getRecipeMeta(recipeName string) (catalogue.RecipeMeta, error) {
-	catl, err := catalogue.ReadRecipeCatalogue()
-	if err != nil {
-		return catalogue.RecipeMeta{}, err
-	}
-
-	recipeMeta, ok := catl[recipeName]
-	if !ok {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("recipe '%s' does not exist?", recipeName)
-		return catalogue.RecipeMeta{}, err
-	}
-	if err := recipePkg.EnsureExists(recipeMeta.Name); err != nil {
-		return catalogue.RecipeMeta{}, err
-	}
-
-	return recipeMeta, nil
-}
-
-// ensureDomainFlag checks if the domain flag was used. if not, asks the user for it/
-func ensureDomainFlag() error {
-	if domain == "" {
-		prompt := &survey.Input{
-			Message: "Specify app domain",
-		}
-		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &domain); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ensureServerFlag checks if the server flag was used. if not, asks the user for it.
-func ensureServerFlag() error {
-	appFiles, err := config.LoadAppFiles(newAppServer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	servers := appFiles.GetServers()
-	if newAppServer == "" {
-		prompt := &survey.Select{
-			Message: "Select app server:",
-			Options: servers,
-		}
-		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &newAppServer); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ensureServerFlag checks if the AppName flag was used. if not, asks the user for it.
-func ensureAppNameFlag() error {
-	if newAppName == "" {
-		prompt := &survey.Input{
-			Message: "Specify app name:",
-			Default: config.SanitiseAppName(domain),
-		}
-		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &newAppName); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
+// AppSecrets represents all app secrest
+type AppSecrets map[string]string
 
 // createSecrets creates all secrets for a new app.
-func createSecrets(sanitisedAppName string) (secrets, error) {
-	appEnvPath := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "servers", newAppServer, fmt.Sprintf("%s.env", sanitisedAppName))
+func createSecrets(cl *dockerClient.Client, sanitisedAppName string) (AppSecrets, error) {
+	appEnvPath := path.Join(
+		config.ABRA_DIR,
+		"servers",
+		internal.NewAppServer,
+		fmt.Sprintf("%s.env", internal.Domain),
+	)
+
 	appEnv, err := config.ReadEnv(appEnvPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	secretEnvVars := secret.ReadSecretEnvVars(appEnv)
-	secrets, err := secret.GenerateSecrets(secretEnvVars, sanitisedAppName, newAppServer)
+	secrets, err := secret.GenerateSecrets(cl, secretEnvVars, sanitisedAppName, internal.NewAppServer)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -162,7 +169,12 @@ func createSecrets(sanitisedAppName string) (secrets, error) {
 	if internal.Pass {
 		for secretName := range secrets {
 			secretValue := secrets[secretName]
-			if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(secretValue, secretName, sanitisedAppName, newAppServer); err != nil {
+			if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(
+				secretValue,
+				secretName,
+				internal.Domain,
+				internal.NewAppServer,
+			); err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
 		}
@@ -170,63 +182,70 @@ func createSecrets(sanitisedAppName string) (secrets, error) {
 	return secrets, nil
 }
 
-// action is the main command-line action for this package
-func action(c *cli.Context) error {
-	recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
-
-	if err := config.EnsureAbraDirExists(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	recipeMeta, err := getRecipeMeta(recipe.Name)
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	latestVersion := recipeMeta.LatestVersion()
-	if err := recipePkg.EnsureVersion(recipe.Name, latestVersion); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := ensureServerFlag(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := ensureDomainFlag(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if err := ensureAppNameFlag(); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	sanitisedAppName := config.SanitiseAppName(newAppName)
-	if len(sanitisedAppName) > 45 {
-		logrus.Fatalf("'%s' cannot be longer than 45 characters", sanitisedAppName)
-	}
-
-	if err := config.CopyAppEnvSample(recipe.Name, newAppName, newAppServer); err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	if internal.Secrets {
-		secrets, err := createSecrets(sanitisedAppName)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
+// ensureDomainFlag checks if the domain flag was used. if not, asks the user for it/
+func ensureDomainFlag(recipe recipe.Recipe, server string) error {
+	if internal.Domain == "" && !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify app domain",
+			Default: fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", recipe.Name, server),
 		}
-
-		secretCols := []string{"Name", "Value"}
-		secretTable := abraFormatter.CreateTable(secretCols)
-		for secret := range secrets {
-			secretTable.Append([]string{secret, secrets[secret]})
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.Domain); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		defer secretTable.Render()
 	}
 
-	tableCol := []string{"Name", "Domain", "Type", "Server"}
-	table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
-	table.Append([]string{sanitisedAppName, domain, recipe.Name, newAppServer})
-	defer table.Render()
+	if internal.Domain == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no domain provided")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// promptForSecrets asks if we should generate secrets for a new app.
+func promptForSecrets(appName string) error {
+	app, err := app.Get(appName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	secretEnvVars := secret.ReadSecretEnvVars(app.Env)
+	if len(secretEnvVars) == 0 {
+		logrus.Debugf("%s has no secrets to generate, skipping...", app.Recipe)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !internal.Secrets && !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+			Message: "Generate app secrets?",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.Secrets); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ensureServerFlag checks if the server flag was used. if not, asks the user for it.
+func ensureServerFlag() error {
+	servers, err := config.GetServers()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if internal.NewAppServer == "" && !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "Select app server:",
+			Options: servers,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.NewAppServer); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if internal.NewAppServer == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("no server provided")
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }

cli/app/ps.go

@@ -3,55 +3,102 @@ package app
 import (
 	"context"
 	"strings"
+	"time"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/service"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/buger/goterm"
+	dockerFormatter "github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appPsCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "ps",
-	Usage:   "Check app status",
-	Aliases: []string{"p"},
+var appPsCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:        "ps",
+	Aliases:     []string{"p"},
+	Usage:       "Check app status",
+	ArgsUsage:   "<domain>",
+	Description: "Show a more detailed status output of a specific deployed app",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.WatchFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", app.StackName())
-
-		containers, err := cl.ContainerList(ctx, types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		isDeployed, _, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, app.StackName())
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		tableCol := []string{"ID", "Image", "Command", "Created", "Status", "Ports", "Names"}
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
-
-		for _, container := range containers {
-			tableRow := []string{
-				abraFormatter.ShortenID(container.ID),
-				abraFormatter.RemoveSha(container.Image),
-				abraFormatter.Truncate(container.Command),
-				abraFormatter.HumanDuration(container.Created),
-				container.Status,
-				formatter.DisplayablePorts(container.Ports),
-				strings.Join(container.Names, ","),
-			}
-			table.Append(tableRow)
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
 		}
 
-		table.Render()
-		return nil
+		if !internal.Watch {
+			showPSOutput(c, app, cl)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		goterm.Clear()
+		for {
+			goterm.MoveCursor(1, 1)
+			showPSOutput(c, app, cl)
+			goterm.Flush()
+			time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+		}
 	},
 }
+
+// showPSOutput renders ps output.
+func showPSOutput(c *cli.Context, app config.App, cl *dockerClient.Client) {
+	filters, err := app.Filters(true, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	containers, err := cl.ContainerList(context.Background(), types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	tableCol := []string{"service name", "image", "created", "status", "state", "ports"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+	for _, container := range containers {
+		var containerNames []string
+		for _, containerName := range container.Names {
+			trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(containerName, "/")
+			containerNames = append(containerNames, trimmed)
+		}
+
+		tableRow := []string{
+			service.ContainerToServiceName(container.Names, app.StackName()),
+			formatter.RemoveSha(container.Image),
+			formatter.HumanDuration(container.Created),
+			container.Status,
+			container.State,
+			dockerFormatter.DisplayablePorts(container.Ports),
+		}
+		table.Append(tableRow)
+	}
+
+	table.Render()
+}

cli/app/remove.go

@@ -6,73 +6,83 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/volume"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-// Volumes stores the variable from VolumesFlag
-var Volumes bool
+var appRemoveCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "remove",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rm"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Usage:     "Remove all app data, locally and remotely",
+	Description: `
+This command removes everything related to an app which is already undeployed.
 
-// VolumesFlag is used to specify if volumes should be deleted when deleting an app
-var VolumesFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "volumes",
-	Value:       false,
-	Destination: &Volumes,
-}
+By default, it will prompt for confirmation before proceeding. All secrets,
+volumes and the local app env file will be deleted.
 
-var appRemoveCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "remove",
-	Usage:   "Remove an already undeployed app",
-	Aliases: []string{"rm"},
+Only run this command when you are sure you want to completely remove the app
+and all associated app data. This is a destructive action, Be Careful!
+
+If you would like to delete specific volumes or secrets, please use removal
+sub-commands under "app volume" and "app secret" instead.
+
+Please note, if you delete the local app env file without removing volumes and
+secrets first, Abra will *not* be able to help you remove them afterwards.
+
+To delete everything without prompt, use the "--force/-f" or the "--no-input/n"
+flag.
+`,
 	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		VolumesFlag,
 		internal.ForceFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		if !internal.Force {
+		if !internal.Force && !internal.NoInput {
 			response := false
-			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
-				Message: fmt.Sprintf("About to delete %s, are you sure", app.Name),
-			}
+			msg := "ALERTA ALERTA: this will completely remove %s data and configurations locally and remotely, are you sure?"
+			prompt := &survey.Confirm{Message: fmt.Sprintf(msg, app.Name)}
 			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 			if !response {
-				logrus.Fatal("User aborted app removal")
+				logrus.Fatal("aborting as requested")
 			}
 		}
 
-		appFiles, err := config.LoadAppFiles("")
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if !internal.Force {
-			// FIXME: only query for app we are interested in, not all of them!
-			statuses, err := config.GetAppStatuses(appFiles)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if statuses[app.Name] == "deployed" {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' is still deployed. Run \"abra app %s undeploy\" or pass --force", app.Name, app.Name)
-			}
+
+		isDeployed, _, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, app.StackName())
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is still deployed. Run \"abra app undeploy %s\"", app.Name, app.Name)
 		}
 
-		fs := filters.NewArgs()
-		fs.Add("name", app.Name)
-		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(ctx, types.SecretListOptions{Filters: fs})
+		fs, err := app.Filters(false, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(context.Background(), types.SecretListOptions{Filters: fs})
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -86,30 +96,24 @@ var appRemoveCommand = &cli.Command{
 		}
 
 		if len(secrets) > 0 {
-			var secretNamesToRemove []string
-			if !internal.Force {
-				secretsPrompt := &survey.MultiSelect{
-					Message: "Which secrets do you want to remove?",
-					Options: secretNames,
-					Default: secretNames,
-				}
-				if err := survey.AskOne(secretsPrompt, &secretNamesToRemove); err != nil {
-					logrus.Fatal(err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			for _, name := range secretNamesToRemove {
-				err := cl.SecretRemove(ctx, secrets[name])
+			for _, name := range secretNames {
+				err := cl.SecretRemove(context.Background(), secrets[name])
 				if err != nil {
 					logrus.Fatal(err)
 				}
-				logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Secret: %s removed", name))
+				logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("secret: %s removed", name))
 			}
 		} else {
-			logrus.Info("No secrets to remove")
+			logrus.Info("no secrets to remove")
 		}
 
-		volumeListOKBody, err := cl.VolumeList(ctx, fs)
+		fs, err = app.Filters(false, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		volumeListOptions := volume.ListOptions{fs}
+		volumeListOKBody, err := cl.VolumeList(context.Background(), volumeListOptions)
 		volumeList := volumeListOKBody.Volumes
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
@@ -121,37 +125,22 @@ var appRemoveCommand = &cli.Command{
 		}
 
 		if len(vols) > 0 {
-			if Volumes {
-				var removeVols []string
-				if !internal.Force {
-					volumesPrompt := &survey.MultiSelect{
-						Message: "Which volumes do you want to remove?",
-						Options: vols,
-						Default: vols,
-					}
-					if err := survey.AskOne(volumesPrompt, &removeVols); err != nil {
-						logrus.Fatal(err)
-					}
+			for _, vol := range vols {
+				err := cl.VolumeRemove(context.Background(), vol, internal.Force) // last argument is for force removing
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
 				}
-				for _, vol := range removeVols {
-					err := cl.VolumeRemove(ctx, vol, internal.Force) // last argument is for force removing
-					if err != nil {
-						logrus.Fatal(err)
-					}
-					logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("Volume %s removed", vol))
-				}
-			} else {
-				logrus.Info("No volumes were removed")
+				logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("volume %s removed", vol))
 			}
 		} else {
-			logrus.Info("No volumes to remove")
+			logrus.Info("no volumes to remove")
 		}
 
-		err = os.Remove(app.Path)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err = os.Remove(app.Path); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("File: %s removed", app.Path))
+
+		logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("file: %s removed", app.Path))
 
 		return nil
 	},

cli/app/restart.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	upstream "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/service"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appRestartCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "restart",
+	Aliases:   []string{"re"},
+	Usage:     "Restart an app",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description:  `This command restarts a service within a deployed app.`,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		serviceNameShort := c.Args().Get(1)
+		if serviceNameShort == "" {
+			err := errors.New("missing service?")
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, err)
+		}
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		serviceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceNameShort)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("attempting to scale %s to 0 (restart logic)", serviceName)
+		if err := upstream.RunServiceScale(context.Background(), cl, serviceName, 0); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := stack.WaitOnService(context.Background(), cl, serviceName, app.Name); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("%s has been scaled to 0 (restart logic)", serviceName)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("attempting to scale %s to 1 (restart logic)", serviceName)
+		if err := upstream.RunServiceScale(context.Background(), cl, serviceName, 1); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := stack.WaitOnService(context.Background(), cl, serviceName, app.Name); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("%s has been scaled to 1 (restart logic)", serviceName)
+
+		logrus.Infof("%s service successfully restarted", serviceNameShort)
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/app/restore.go

@@ -1,82 +1,206 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path"
-	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	containerPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/container"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/container"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var restoreAllServices bool
-var restoreAllServicesFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "all",
-	Value:       false,
-	Destination: &restoreAllServices,
-	Aliases:     []string{"a"},
-	Usage:       "Restore all services",
+type restoreConfig struct {
+	preHookCmd  string
+	postHookCmd string
 }
 
-var appRestoreCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appRestoreCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "restore",
-	Usage:     "Restore an app from a backup",
-	Aliases:   []string{"r"},
-	Flags:     []cli.Flag{restoreAllServicesFlag},
-	ArgsUsage: "<service> [<backup file>]",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rs"},
+	Usage:     "Run app restore",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> <service> <file>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Description: `
+Run an app restore.
+
+Pre/post hook commands are defined in the recipe configuration. Abra reads this
+configuration and run the comands in the context of the service before
+restoring the backup.
+
+Unlike "abra app backup", restore must be run on a per-service basis. You can
+not restore all services in one go. Backup files produced by Abra are
+compressed archives which use absolute paths. This allows Abra to restore
+according to standard tar command logic.
+
+Example:
+
+    abra app restore example.com app ~/.abra/backups/example_com_app_609341138.tar.gz
+`,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		if c.Args().Len() > 1 && restoreAllServices {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("cannot use <service>/<backup file> and '--all' together"))
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		abraSh := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "apps", app.Type, "abra.sh")
-		if _, err := os.Stat(abraSh); err != nil {
+		serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
+		if serviceName == "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("missing <service>?"))
+		}
+
+		backupPath := c.Args().Get(2)
+		if backupPath == "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("missing <file>?"))
+		}
+
+		if _, err := os.Stat(backupPath); err != nil {
 			if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' does not exist?", abraSh)
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s doesn't exist?", backupPath)
 			}
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		sourceCmd := fmt.Sprintf("source %s", abraSh)
-		execCmd := "abra_restore"
-		if !restoreAllServices {
-			serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
-			if serviceName == "" {
-				internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no service(s) target provided"))
-			}
-			execCmd = fmt.Sprintf("abra_restore_%s", serviceName)
-		}
-
-		bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(abraSh)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if !strings.Contains(string(bytes), execCmd) {
-			logrus.Fatalf("%s doesn't have a '%s' function", app.Type, execCmd)
-		}
-
-		backupFile := c.Args().Get(2)
-		if backupFile != "" {
-			execCmd = fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", execCmd, backupFile)
-		}
-
-		sourceAndExec := fmt.Sprintf("%s; %s", sourceCmd, execCmd)
-		cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", sourceAndExec)
-		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		recipe, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		fmt.Print(string(output))
+		restoreConfigs := make(map[string]restoreConfig)
+		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
+			if restoreEnabled, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.restore"]; ok {
+				if restoreEnabled == "true" {
+					fullServiceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), service.Name)
+					rsConfig := restoreConfig{}
+
+					logrus.Debugf("restore config detected for %s", fullServiceName)
+
+					if preHookCmd, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.restore.pre-hook"]; ok {
+						logrus.Debugf("detected pre-hook command for %s: %s", fullServiceName, preHookCmd)
+						rsConfig.preHookCmd = preHookCmd
+					}
+
+					if postHookCmd, ok := service.Deploy.Labels["backupbot.restore.post-hook"]; ok {
+						logrus.Debugf("detected post-hook command for %s: %s", fullServiceName, postHookCmd)
+						rsConfig.postHookCmd = postHookCmd
+					}
+
+					restoreConfigs[service.Name] = rsConfig
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		rsConfig, ok := restoreConfigs[serviceName]
+		if !ok {
+			rsConfig = restoreConfig{}
+		}
+
+		if err := runRestore(cl, app, backupPath, serviceName, rsConfig); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+// runRestore does the actual restore logic.
+func runRestore(cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, backupPath, serviceName string, rsConfig restoreConfig) error {
+	// FIXME: avoid instantiating a new CLI
+	dcli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+	filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName))
+
+	targetContainer, err := containerPkg.GetContainer(context.Background(), cl, filters, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fullServiceName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName)
+	if rsConfig.preHookCmd != "" {
+		splitCmd := internal.SafeSplit(rsConfig.preHookCmd)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("split pre-hook command for %s into %s", fullServiceName, splitCmd)
+
+		preHookExecOpts := types.ExecConfig{
+			AttachStderr: true,
+			AttachStdin:  true,
+			AttachStdout: true,
+			Cmd:          splitCmd,
+			Detach:       false,
+			Tty:          true,
+		}
+
+		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &preHookExecOpts); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("succesfully ran %s pre-hook command: %s", fullServiceName, rsConfig.preHookCmd)
+	}
+
+	backupReader, err := os.Open(backupPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	content, err := archive.DecompressStream(backupReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// we use absolute paths so tar knows what to do. it will restore files
+	// according to the paths set in the compresed archive
+	restorePath := "/"
+
+	copyOpts := types.CopyToContainerOptions{AllowOverwriteDirWithFile: false, CopyUIDGID: false}
+	if err := cl.CopyToContainer(context.Background(), targetContainer.ID, restorePath, content, copyOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("restored %s to %s", backupPath, fullServiceName)
+
+	if rsConfig.postHookCmd != "" {
+		splitCmd := internal.SafeSplit(rsConfig.postHookCmd)
+
+		logrus.Debugf("split post-hook command for %s into %s", fullServiceName, splitCmd)
+
+		postHookExecOpts := types.ExecConfig{
+			AttachStderr: true,
+			AttachStdin:  true,
+			AttachStdout: true,
+			Cmd:          splitCmd,
+			Detach:       false,
+			Tty:          true,
+		}
+
+		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &postHookExecOpts); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("succesfully ran %s post-hook command: %s", fullServiceName, rsConfig.postHookCmd)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cli/app/rollback.go

@@ -1,10 +1,198 @@
 package app
 
-import "github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
 
-var appRollbackCommand = &cli.Command{
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/lint"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appRollbackCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "rollback",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rl"},
 	Usage:     "Roll an app back to a previous version",
-	Aliases:   []string{"b"},
-	ArgsUsage: "[<version>]",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.ForceFlag,
+		internal.ChaosFlag,
+		internal.NoDomainChecksFlag,
+		internal.DontWaitConvergeFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+This command rolls an app back to a previous version if one exists.
+
+You may pass "--force/-f" to downgrade to the same version again. This can be
+useful if the container runtime has gotten into a weird state.
+
+This action could be destructive, please ensure you have a copy of your app
+data beforehand.
+
+Chas mode ("--chaos") will deploy your local checkout of a recipe as-is,
+including unstaged changes and can be useful for live hacking and testing new
+recipes.
+`,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		stackName := app.StackName()
+
+		if !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureUpToDate(app.Recipe, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		r, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := lint.LintForErrors(r); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("checking whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+		isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		versions, err := recipe.GetRecipeCatalogueVersions(app.Recipe, catl)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if len(versions) == 0 && !internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Fatalf("no published releases for %s in the recipe catalogue?", app.Recipe)
+		}
+
+		var availableDowngrades []string
+		if deployedVersion == "unknown" {
+			availableDowngrades = versions
+			logrus.Warnf("failed to determine version of deployed %s", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		if deployedVersion != "unknown" && !internal.Chaos {
+			for _, version := range versions {
+				parsedDeployedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(deployedVersion)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				parsedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(version)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if parsedVersion != parsedDeployedVersion && parsedVersion.IsLessThan(parsedDeployedVersion) {
+					availableDowngrades = append(availableDowngrades, version)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(availableDowngrades) == 0 {
+				logrus.Info("no available downgrades, you're on oldest ✌️")
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		var chosenDowngrade string
+		if len(availableDowngrades) > 0 && !internal.Chaos {
+			if internal.Force || internal.NoInput {
+				chosenDowngrade = availableDowngrades[len(availableDowngrades)-1]
+				logrus.Debugf("choosing %s as version to downgrade to (--force)", chosenDowngrade)
+			} else {
+				prompt := &survey.Select{
+					Message: fmt.Sprintf("Please select a downgrade (current version: %s):", deployedVersion),
+					Options: internal.ReverseStringList(availableDowngrades),
+				}
+				if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &chosenDowngrade); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(app.Recipe, chosenDowngrade); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Warn("chaos mode engaged")
+			var err error
+			chosenDowngrade, err = recipe.ChaosVersion(app.Recipe)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		abraShPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, "abra.sh")
+		abraShEnv, err := config.ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraShPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		for k, v := range abraShEnv {
+			app.Env[k] = v
+		}
+
+		composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(app.Recipe, app.Env)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		deployOpts := stack.Deploy{
+			Composefiles: composeFiles,
+			Namespace:    stackName,
+			Prune:        false,
+			ResolveImage: stack.ResolveImageAlways,
+		}
+		compose, err := config.GetAppComposeConfig(app.Name, deployOpts, app.Env)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		config.ExposeAllEnv(stackName, compose, app.Env)
+		config.SetRecipeLabel(compose, stackName, app.Recipe)
+		config.SetChaosLabel(compose, stackName, internal.Chaos)
+		config.SetChaosVersionLabel(compose, stackName, chosenDowngrade)
+		config.SetUpdateLabel(compose, stackName, app.Env)
+
+		if err := NewVersionOverview(app, deployedVersion, chosenDowngrade, ""); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := stack.RunDeploy(cl, deployOpts, compose, stackName, internal.DontWaitConverge); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
 }

cli/app/run.go

@@ -6,64 +6,72 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/container"
+	containerPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/container"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/container"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 var user string
 var userFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "user",
+	Name:        "user, u",
 	Value:       "",
 	Destination: &user,
 }
 
 var noTTY bool
 var noTTYFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "no-tty",
-	Value:       false,
+	Name:        "no-tty, t",
 	Destination: &noTTY,
 }
 
-var appRunCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name: "run",
+var appRunCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "run",
+	Aliases: []string{"r"},
 	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
 		noTTYFlag,
 		userFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
 	},
-	Aliases:   []string{"r"},
-	ArgsUsage: "<service> <args>...",
-	Usage:     "Run a command in a service container",
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	ArgsUsage:    "<domain> <service> <args>...",
+	Usage:        "Run a command in a service container",
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		if c.Args().Len() < 2 {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no <service> provided"))
+		if len(c.Args()) < 2 {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no <service> provided?"))
+		}
+
+		if len(c.Args()) < 3 {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no <args> provided?"))
 		}
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		serviceName := c.Args().Get(1)
+		stackAndServiceName := fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName)
 		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName))
+		filters.Add("name", stackAndServiceName)
 
-		containers, err := cl.ContainerList(ctx, types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		targetContainer, err := containerPkg.GetContainer(context.Background(), cl, filters, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if len(containers) > 1 {
-			logrus.Fatalf("expected 1 container but got %d", len(containers))
-		}
 
-		cmd := c.Args().Slice()[2:]
+		cmd := c.Args()[2:]
 		execCreateOpts := types.ExecConfig{
 			AttachStderr: true,
 			AttachStdin:  true,
@@ -80,17 +88,13 @@ var appRunCommand = &cli.Command{
 			execCreateOpts.Tty = false
 		}
 
-		// FIXME: an absolutely monumental hack to instantiate another command-line
-		// client withing our command-line client so that we pass something down
-		// the tubes that satisfies the necessary interface requirements. We should
-		// refactor our vendored container code to not require all this cruft.  For
-		// now, It Works.
+		// FIXME: avoid instantiating a new CLI
 		dcli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, containers[0].ID, &execCreateOpts); err != nil {
+		if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &execCreateOpts); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 

cli/app/secret.go

@@ -7,35 +7,56 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/secret"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 var allSecrets bool
 var allSecretsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "all",
-	Aliases:     []string{"A"},
-	Value:       false,
+	Name:        "all, a",
 	Destination: &allSecrets,
 	Usage:       "Generate all secrets",
 }
 
-var appSecretGenerateCommand = &cli.Command{
+var rmAllSecrets bool
+var rmAllSecretsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "all, a",
+	Destination: &rmAllSecrets,
+	Usage:       "Remove all secrets",
+}
+
+var appSecretGenerateCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "generate",
 	Aliases:   []string{"g"},
 	Usage:     "Generate secrets",
-	ArgsUsage: "<secret> <version>",
-	Flags:     []cli.Flag{allSecretsFlag, internal.PassFlag},
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain> <secret> <version>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		allSecretsFlag,
+		internal.PassFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		if c.Args().Len() == 1 && !allSecrets {
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if len(c.Args()) == 1 && !allSecrets {
 			err := errors.New("missing arguments <secret>/<version> or '--all'")
 			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, err)
 		}
@@ -57,21 +78,23 @@ var appSecretGenerateCommand = &cli.Command{
 				parsed := secret.ParseSecretEnvVarName(sec)
 				if secretName == parsed {
 					secretsToCreate[sec] = secretVersion
+					matches = true
 				}
 			}
+
 			if !matches {
-				logrus.Fatalf("'%s' doesn't exist in the env config?", secretName)
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s doesn't exist in the env config?", secretName)
 			}
 		}
 
-		secretVals, err := secret.GenerateSecrets(secretsToCreate, app.StackName(), app.Server)
+		secretVals, err := secret.GenerateSecrets(cl, secretsToCreate, app.StackName(), app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		if internal.Pass {
 			for name, data := range secretVals {
-				if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(data, name, app.StackName(), app.Server); err != nil {
+				if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(data, name, app.Name, app.Server); err != nil {
 					logrus.Fatal(err)
 				}
 			}
@@ -82,28 +105,52 @@ var appSecretGenerateCommand = &cli.Command{
 			os.Exit(1)
 		}
 
-		tableCol := []string{"Name", "Value"}
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+		tableCol := []string{"name", "value"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
 		for name, val := range secretVals {
 			table.Append([]string{name, val})
 		}
 		table.Render()
-		logrus.Warn("these secrets are not shown again, please take note of them *now*")
+		logrus.Warn("generated secrets are not shown again, please take note of them *now*")
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
 
-var appSecretInsertCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "insert",
-	Aliases:   []string{"i"},
-	Usage:     "Insert secret",
-	Flags:     []cli.Flag{internal.PassFlag},
-	ArgsUsage: "<secret> <version> <data>",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+var appSecretInsertCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "insert",
+	Aliases: []string{"i"},
+	Usage:   "Insert secret",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.PassFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	ArgsUsage:    "<domain> <secret-name> <version> <data>",
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Description: `
+This command inserts a secret into an app environment.
 
-		if c.Args().Len() != 4 {
+This can be useful when you want to manually generate secrets for an app
+environment. Typically, you can let Abra generate them for you on app creation
+(see "abra app new --secrets" for more).
+
+Example:
+
+    abra app secret insert myapp db_pass v1 mySecretPassword
+
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if len(c.Args()) != 4 {
 			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("missing arguments?"))
 		}
 
@@ -112,12 +159,14 @@ var appSecretInsertCommand = &cli.Command{
 		data := c.Args().Get(3)
 
 		secretName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s", app.StackName(), name, version)
-		if err := client.StoreSecret(secretName, data, app.Server); err != nil {
+		if err := client.StoreSecret(cl, secretName, data, app.Server); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
+		logrus.Infof("%s successfully stored on server", secretName)
+
 		if internal.Pass {
-			if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(data, name, app.StackName(), app.Server); err != nil {
+			if err := secret.PassInsertSecret(data, name, app.Name, app.Server); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		}
@@ -126,87 +175,149 @@ var appSecretInsertCommand = &cli.Command{
 	},
 }
 
-var appSecretRmCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "remove",
-	Usage:     "Remove a secret",
-	Aliases:   []string{"rm"},
-	Flags:     []cli.Flag{allSecretsFlag, internal.PassFlag},
-	ArgsUsage: "<secret>",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+// secretRm removes a secret.
+func secretRm(cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, secretName, parsed string) error {
+	if err := cl.SecretRemove(context.Background(), secretName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-		if c.Args().Get(1) != "" && allSecrets {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("cannot use '<secret>' and '--all' together"))
+	logrus.Infof("deleted %s successfully from server", secretName)
+
+	if internal.PassRemove {
+		if err := secret.PassRmSecret(parsed, app.StackName(), app.Server); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 
-		if c.Args().Get(1) == "" && !allSecrets {
+		logrus.Infof("deleted %s successfully from local pass store", secretName)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var appSecretRmCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "remove",
+	Aliases: []string{"rm"},
+	Usage:   "Remove a secret",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		rmAllSecretsFlag,
+		internal.PassRemoveFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	ArgsUsage:    "<domain> [<secret-name>]",
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Description: `
+This command removes app secrets.
+
+Example:
+
+    abra app secret remove myapp db_pass
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		secrets := secret.ReadSecretEnvVars(app.Env)
+
+		if c.Args().Get(1) != "" && rmAllSecrets {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("cannot use '<secret-name>' and '--all' together"))
+		}
+
+		if c.Args().Get(1) == "" && !rmAllSecrets {
 			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no secret(s) specified?"))
 		}
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", app.StackName())
-		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(ctx, types.SecretListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		filters, err := app.Filters(false, false)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		secretToRm := c.Args().Get(1)
+		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(context.Background(), types.SecretListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		remoteSecretNames := make(map[string]bool)
 		for _, cont := range secretList {
-			secretName := cont.Spec.Annotations.Name
-			parsed := secret.ParseGeneratedSecretName(secretName, app)
-			if allSecrets {
-				if err := cl.SecretRemove(ctx, secretName); err != nil {
-					logrus.Fatal(err)
-				}
-				if internal.Pass {
-					if err := secret.PassRmSecret(parsed, app.StackName(), app.Server); err != nil {
-						logrus.Fatal(err)
-					}
-				}
-			} else {
-				if parsed == secretToRm {
-					if err := cl.SecretRemove(ctx, secretName); err != nil {
-						logrus.Fatal(err)
-					}
-					if internal.Pass {
-						if err := secret.PassRmSecret(parsed, app.StackName(), app.Server); err != nil {
+			remoteSecretNames[cont.Spec.Annotations.Name] = true
+		}
+
+		match := false
+		secretToRm := c.Args().Get(1)
+		for sec := range secrets {
+			secretName := secret.ParseSecretEnvVarName(sec)
+
+			secVal, err := secret.ParseSecretEnvVarValue(secrets[sec])
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			secretRemoteName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s", app.StackName(), secretName, secVal.Version)
+			if _, ok := remoteSecretNames[secretRemoteName]; ok {
+				if secretToRm != "" {
+					if secretName == secretToRm {
+						if err := secretRm(cl, app, secretRemoteName, secretName); err != nil {
 							logrus.Fatal(err)
 						}
+
+						return nil
+					}
+				} else {
+					match = true
+
+					if err := secretRm(cl, app, secretRemoteName, secretName); err != nil {
+						logrus.Fatal(err)
 					}
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		if !match && secretToRm != "" {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s doesn't exist on server?", secretToRm)
+		}
+
+		if !match {
+			logrus.Fatal("no secrets to remove?")
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	},
 }
 
-var appSecretLsCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appSecretLsCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:    "list",
-	Usage:   "List all secrets",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:  "List all secrets",
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 		secrets := secret.ReadSecretEnvVars(app.Env)
 
 		tableCol := []string{"Name", "Version", "Generated Name", "Created On Server"}
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		filters := filters.NewArgs()
-		filters.Add("name", app.StackName())
-		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(ctx, types.SecretListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		filters, err := app.Filters(false, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		secretList, err := cl.SecretList(context.Background(), types.SecretListOptions{Filters: filters})
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
@@ -231,17 +342,23 @@ var appSecretLsCommand = &cli.Command{
 			table.Append(tableRow)
 		}
 
-		table.Render()
+		if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+			table.Render()
+		} else {
+			logrus.Warnf("no secrets stored for %s", app.Name)
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 }
 
-var appSecretCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appSecretCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "secret",
 	Aliases:   []string{"s"},
 	Usage:     "Manage app secrets",
-	ArgsUsage: "<command>",
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
 		appSecretGenerateCommand,
 		appSecretInsertCommand,
 		appSecretRmCommand,

cli/app/services.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/service"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appServicesCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "services",
+	Aliases:   []string{"sr"},
+	Usage:     "Display all services of an app",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		isDeployed, _, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, app.StackName())
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		filters, err := app.Filters(true, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		containers, err := cl.ContainerList(context.Background(), types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters})
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		tableCol := []string{"service name", "image"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+		for _, container := range containers {
+			var containerNames []string
+			for _, containerName := range container.Names {
+				trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(containerName, "/")
+				containerNames = append(containerNames, trimmed)
+			}
+
+			serviceShortName := service.ContainerToServiceName(container.Names, app.StackName())
+			serviceLongName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceShortName)
+
+			tableRow := []string{
+				serviceLongName,
+				formatter.RemoveSha(container.Image),
+			}
+			table.Append(tableRow)
+		}
+
+		table.Render()
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/app/undeploy.go

@@ -2,37 +2,140 @@ package app
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appUndeployCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "undeploy",
-	Aliases: []string{"u"},
-	Usage:   "Undeploy an app",
+var prune bool
+
+var pruneFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "prune, p",
+	Destination: &prune,
+	Usage:       "Prunes unused containers, networks, and dangling images for an app",
+}
+
+// pruneApp runs the equivalent of a "docker system prune" but only filtering
+// against resources connected with the app deployment. It is not a system wide
+// prune. Volumes are not pruned to avoid unwated data loss.
+func pruneApp(c *cli.Context, cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App) error {
+	stackName := app.StackName()
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	for {
+		logrus.Debugf("polling for %s stack, waiting to be undeployed...", stackName)
+
+		services, err := stack.GetStackServices(ctx, cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if len(services) == 0 {
+			logrus.Debugf("%s undeployed, moving on with pruning logic", stackName)
+			time.Sleep(time.Second) // give runtime more time to tear down related state
+			break
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
+
+	pruneFilters := filters.NewArgs()
+	stackSearch := fmt.Sprintf("%s*", stackName)
+	pruneFilters.Add("label", stackSearch)
+	cr, err := cl.ContainersPrune(ctx, pruneFilters)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cntSpaceReclaimed := formatter.ByteCountSI(cr.SpaceReclaimed)
+	logrus.Infof("containers pruned: %d; space reclaimed: %s", len(cr.ContainersDeleted), cntSpaceReclaimed)
+
+	nr, err := cl.NetworksPrune(ctx, pruneFilters)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("networks pruned: %d", len(nr.NetworksDeleted))
+
+	ir, err := cl.ImagesPrune(ctx, pruneFilters)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	imgSpaceReclaimed := formatter.ByteCountSI(ir.SpaceReclaimed)
+	logrus.Infof("images pruned: %d; space reclaimed: %s", len(ir.ImagesDeleted), imgSpaceReclaimed)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var appUndeployCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "undeploy",
+	Aliases:   []string{"un"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		pruneFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:        "Undeploy an app",
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Description: `
-This does not destroy any of the application data. However, you should remain
-vigilant, as your swarm installation will consider any previously attached
-volumes as eligiblef or pruning once undeployed.
+This does not destroy any of the application data.
+
+However, you should remain vigilant, as your swarm installation will consider
+any previously attached volumes as eligible for pruning once undeployed.
+
+Passing "-p/--prune" does not remove those volumes.
 `,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		stackName := app.StackName()
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
 		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		rmOpts := stack.Remove{Namespaces: []string{app.StackName()}}
-		if err := stack.RunRemove(ctx, cl, rmOpts); err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("checking whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+		isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		if err := DeployOverview(app, deployedVersion, "continue with undeploy?"); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		rmOpts := stack.Remove{Namespaces: []string{app.StackName()}}
+		if err := stack.RunRemove(context.Background(), cl, rmOpts); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if prune {
+			if err := pruneApp(c, cl, app); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
 		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/app/upgrade.go

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/lint"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var appUpgradeCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "upgrade",
+	Aliases:   []string{"up"},
+	Usage:     "Upgrade an app",
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.ForceFlag,
+		internal.ChaosFlag,
+		internal.NoDomainChecksFlag,
+		internal.DontWaitConvergeFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Upgrade an app. You can use it to choose and roll out a new upgrade to an
+existing app.
+
+This command specifically supports incrementing the version of running apps, as
+opposed to "abra app deploy <domain>" which will not change the version of a
+deployed app.
+
+You may pass "--force/-f" to upgrade to the same version again. This can be
+useful if the container runtime has gotten into a weird state.
+
+This action could be destructive, please ensure you have a copy of your app
+data beforehand.
+
+Chas mode ("--chaos") will deploy your local checkout of a recipe as-is,
+including unstaged changes and can be useful for live hacking and testing new
+recipes.
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		stackName := app.StackName()
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureUpToDate(app.Recipe, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		r, err := recipe.Get(app.Recipe, conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := lint.LintForErrors(r); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("checking whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+		isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		versions, err := recipe.GetRecipeCatalogueVersions(app.Recipe, catl)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if len(versions) == 0 && !internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Fatalf("no published releases for %s in the recipe catalogue?", app.Recipe)
+		}
+
+		var availableUpgrades []string
+		if deployedVersion == "unknown" {
+			availableUpgrades = versions
+			logrus.Warnf("failed to determine version of deployed %s", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		if deployedVersion != "unknown" && !internal.Chaos {
+			for _, version := range versions {
+				parsedDeployedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(deployedVersion)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				parsedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(version)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if parsedVersion.IsGreaterThan(parsedDeployedVersion) {
+					availableUpgrades = append(availableUpgrades, version)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if len(availableUpgrades) == 0 && !internal.Force {
+				logrus.Infof("no available upgrades, you're on latest (%s) ✌️", deployedVersion)
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		var chosenUpgrade string
+		if len(availableUpgrades) > 0 && !internal.Chaos {
+			if internal.Force || internal.NoInput {
+				chosenUpgrade = availableUpgrades[len(availableUpgrades)-1]
+				logrus.Debugf("choosing %s as version to upgrade to", chosenUpgrade)
+			} else {
+				prompt := &survey.Select{
+					Message: fmt.Sprintf("Please select an upgrade (current version: %s):", deployedVersion),
+					Options: internal.ReverseStringList(availableUpgrades),
+				}
+				if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &chosenUpgrade); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if internal.Force && chosenUpgrade == "" {
+			logrus.Warnf("%s is already upgraded to latest but continuing (--force/--chaos)", app.Name)
+			chosenUpgrade = deployedVersion
+		}
+
+		// if release notes written after git tag published, read them before we
+		// check out the tag and then they'll appear to be missing. this covers
+		// when we obviously will forget to write release notes before publishing
+		releaseNotes, err := GetReleaseNotes(app.Recipe, chosenUpgrade)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if !internal.Chaos {
+			if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(app.Recipe, chosenUpgrade); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if internal.Chaos {
+			logrus.Warn("chaos mode engaged")
+			var err error
+			chosenUpgrade, err = recipe.ChaosVersion(app.Recipe)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		abraShPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", config.RECIPES_DIR, app.Recipe, "abra.sh")
+		abraShEnv, err := config.ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraShPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		for k, v := range abraShEnv {
+			app.Env[k] = v
+		}
+
+		composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(app.Recipe, app.Env)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		deployOpts := stack.Deploy{
+			Composefiles: composeFiles,
+			Namespace:    stackName,
+			Prune:        false,
+			ResolveImage: stack.ResolveImageAlways,
+		}
+		compose, err := config.GetAppComposeConfig(app.Name, deployOpts, app.Env)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		config.ExposeAllEnv(stackName, compose, app.Env)
+		config.SetRecipeLabel(compose, stackName, app.Recipe)
+		config.SetChaosLabel(compose, stackName, internal.Chaos)
+		config.SetChaosVersionLabel(compose, stackName, chosenUpgrade)
+		config.SetUpdateLabel(compose, stackName, app.Env)
+
+		if err := NewVersionOverview(app, deployedVersion, chosenUpgrade, releaseNotes); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		stack.WaitTimeout, err = config.GetTimeoutFromLabel(compose, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("set waiting timeout to %d s", stack.WaitTimeout)
+
+		if err := stack.RunDeploy(cl, deployOpts, compose, stackName, internal.DontWaitConverge); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		postDeployCmds, ok := app.Env["POST_UPGRADE_CMDS"]
+		if ok && !internal.DontWaitConverge {
+			logrus.Debugf("run the following post-deploy commands: %s", postDeployCmds)
+			if err := PostCmds(cl, app, postDeployCmds); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatalf("attempting to run post deploy commands, saw: %s", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
+}

cli/app/version.go

@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
 package app
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
-	"sort"
-	"strings"
+	"context"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // getImagePath returns the image name
@@ -20,88 +21,84 @@ func getImagePath(image string) (string, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+
 	path := reference.Path(img)
-	if strings.Contains(path, "library") {
-		path = strings.Split(path, "/")[1]
-	}
+
+	path = formatter.StripTagMeta(path)
+
+	logrus.Debugf("parsed %s from %s", path, image)
+
 	return path, nil
 }
 
-// parseVersionLabel parses a $STACK_NAME_$SERVICE_NAME service label
-func parseServiceName(label string) string {
-	idx := strings.LastIndex(label, "_")
-	return label[idx+1:]
-}
-
-// parseVersionLabel parses a $VERSION-$DIGEST service label
-func parseVersionLabel(label string) (string, string) {
-	// versions may look like v4.2-abcd or v4.2-alpine-abcd
-	idx := strings.LastIndex(label, "-")
-	return label[:idx], label[idx+1:]
-}
-
-var appVersionCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "version",
-	Aliases: []string{"v"},
-	Usage:   "Show version of all services in app",
+var appVersionCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "version",
+	Aliases:   []string{"v"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:  "Show app versions",
+	Description: `
+Show all information about versioning related to a deployed app. This includes
+the individual image names, tags and digests. But also the Co-op Cloud recipe
+version.
+`,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+		stackName := app.StackName()
 
-		composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(app.Type, app.Env)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		opts := stack.Deploy{Composefiles: composeFiles}
-		compose, err := config.GetAppComposeConfig(app.Type, opts, app.Env)
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		ch := make(chan stack.StackStatus, len(compose.Services))
-		for _, service := range compose.Services {
-			label := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.%s.version", app.StackName(), service.Name)
-			go func(s string, l string) {
-				ch <- stack.GetDeployedServicesByLabel(s, l)
-			}(app.Server, label)
+		logrus.Debugf("checking whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+		isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		tableCol := []string{"Name", "Image", "Version", "Digest"}
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+		if deployedVersion == "unknown" {
+			logrus.Fatalf("failed to determine version of deployed %s", app.Name)
+		}
 
-		statuses := make(map[string]stack.StackStatus)
-		for range compose.Services {
-			status := <-ch
-			if len(status.Services) > 0 {
-				serviceName := parseServiceName(status.Services[0].Spec.Name)
-				statuses[serviceName] = status
+		if !isDeployed {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not deployed?", app.Name)
+		}
+
+		recipeMeta, err := recipe.GetRecipeMeta(app.Recipe, conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		versionsMeta := make(map[string]recipe.ServiceMeta)
+		for _, recipeVersion := range recipeMeta.Versions {
+			if currentVersion, exists := recipeVersion[deployedVersion]; exists {
+				versionsMeta = currentVersion
 			}
 		}
 
-		sort.SliceStable(compose.Services, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return compose.Services[i].Name < compose.Services[j].Name
-		})
+		if len(versionsMeta) == 0 {
+			logrus.Fatalf("could not retrieve deployed version (%s) from recipe catalogue?", deployedVersion)
+		}
 
-		for _, service := range compose.Services {
-			if status, ok := statuses[service.Name]; ok {
-				statusService := status.Services[0]
-				label := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.%s.version", app.StackName(), service.Name)
-				version, digest := parseVersionLabel(statusService.Spec.Labels[label])
-				image, err := getImagePath(statusService.Spec.Labels["com.docker.stack.image"])
-				if err != nil {
-					logrus.Fatal(err)
-				}
-				table.Append([]string{service.Name, image, version, digest})
-				continue
-			}
+		tableCol := []string{"version", "service", "image"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+		table.SetAutoMergeCellsByColumnIndex([]int{0})
 
-			image, err := getImagePath(service.Image)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			table.Append([]string{service.Name, image, "?", "?"})
+		for serviceName, versionMeta := range versionsMeta {
+			table.Append([]string{deployedVersion, serviceName, versionMeta.Image})
 		}
 
 		table.Render()
+
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 }

cli/app/volume.go

@@ -3,92 +3,145 @@ package app
 import (
 	"context"
 
-	abraFormatter "coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var appVolumeListCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "list",
-	Usage:   "list volumes associated with an app",
-	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+var appVolumeListCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "list",
+	Aliases:   []string{"ls"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:        "List volumes associated with an app",
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		volumeList, err := client.GetVolumes(ctx, app.Server, app.Name)
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		table := abraFormatter.CreateTable([]string{"DRIVER", "VOLUME NAME"})
+		filters, err := app.Filters(false, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		volumeList, err := client.GetVolumes(cl, context.Background(), app.Server, filters)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		table := formatter.CreateTable([]string{"name", "created", "mounted"})
 		var volTable [][]string
 		for _, volume := range volumeList {
-			volRow := []string{
-				volume.Driver,
-				volume.Name,
-			}
+			volRow := []string{volume.Name, volume.CreatedAt, volume.Mountpoint}
 			volTable = append(volTable, volRow)
 		}
 
 		table.AppendBulk(volTable)
-		table.Render()
+
+		if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+			table.Render()
+		} else {
+			logrus.Warnf("no volumes created for %s", app.Name)
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
 
-var appVolumeRemoveCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "remove",
-	Usage:   "remove volume(s) associated with an app",
-	Aliases: []string{"rm"},
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		internal.ForceFlag,
-	},
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		app := internal.ValidateApp(c)
+var appVolumeRemoveCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:  "remove",
+	Usage: "Remove volume(s) associated with an app",
+	Description: `
+This command supports removing volumes associated with an app. The app in
+question must be undeployed before you try to remove volumes. See "abra app
+undeploy <domain>" for more.
 
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		volumeList, err := client.GetVolumes(ctx, app.Server, app.Name)
+The command is interactive and will show a multiple select input which allows
+you to make a seclection. Use the "?" key to see more help on navigating this
+interface.
+
+Passing "--force/-f" will select all volumes for removal. Be careful.
+`,
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rm"},
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.ForceFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		app := internal.ValidateApp(c, conf)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(app.Server)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		filters, err := app.Filters(false, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		volumeList, err := client.GetVolumes(cl, context.Background(), app.Server, filters)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 		volumeNames := client.GetVolumeNames(volumeList)
 
 		var volumesToRemove []string
-		if !internal.Force {
+		if !internal.Force && !internal.NoInput {
 			volumesPrompt := &survey.MultiSelect{
-				Message: "Which volumes do you want to remove?",
+				Message: "which volumes do you want to remove?",
+				Help:    "'x' indicates selected, enter / return to confirm, ctrl-c to exit, vim mode is enabled",
+				VimMode: true,
 				Options: volumeNames,
 				Default: volumeNames,
 			}
 			if err := survey.AskOne(volumesPrompt, &volumesToRemove); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
-		} else {
+		}
+
+		if internal.Force || internal.NoInput {
 			volumesToRemove = volumeNames
 		}
 
-		err = client.RemoveVolumes(ctx, app.Server, volumesToRemove, internal.Force)
+		err = client.RemoveVolumes(cl, context.Background(), app.Server, volumesToRemove, internal.Force)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		logrus.Info("Volumes removed successfully.")
+		logrus.Info("volumes removed successfully")
 
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.AppNameComplete,
 }
 
-var appVolumeCommand = &cli.Command{
+var appVolumeCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "volume",
-	Aliases:   []string{"v"},
+	Aliases:   []string{"vl"},
 	Usage:     "Manage app volumes",
-	ArgsUsage: "<command>",
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
 		appVolumeListCommand,
 		appVolumeRemoveCommand,
 	},

cli/catalogue/catalogue.go

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+package catalogue
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"path"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	gitPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/git"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var catalogueGenerateCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "generate",
+	Aliases: []string{"g"},
+	Usage:   "Generate the recipe catalogue",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.PublishFlag,
+		internal.DryFlag,
+		internal.SkipUpdatesFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Generate a new copy of the recipe catalogue which can be found on:
+
+    https://recipes.coopcloud.tech (website that humans read)
+    https://recipes.coopcloud.tech/recipes.json (JSON that Abra reads)
+
+It polls the entire git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/... recipe repository
+listing, parses README.md and git tags to produce recipe metadata which is
+loaded into the catalogue JSON file.
+
+It is possible to generate new metadata for a single recipe by passing
+<recipe>. The existing local catalogue will be updated, not overwritten.
+
+It is quite easy to get rate limited by Docker Hub when running this command.
+If you have a Hub account you can have Abra log you in to avoid this. Pass
+"--user" and "--pass".
+
+Push your new release to git.coopcloud.tech with "-p/--publish". This requires
+that you have permission to git push to these repositories and have your SSH
+keys configured on your account.
+`,
+	ArgsUsage: "[<recipe>]",
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipeName := c.Args().First()
+
+		if recipeName != "" {
+			internal.ValidateRecipe(c, conf)
+		}
+
+		if err := catalogue.EnsureUpToDate(conf); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		repos, err := recipe.ReadReposMetadata(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var barLength int
+		var logMsg string
+		if recipeName != "" {
+			barLength = 1
+			logMsg = fmt.Sprintf("ensuring %v recipe is cloned & up-to-date", barLength)
+		} else {
+			barLength = len(repos)
+			logMsg = fmt.Sprintf("ensuring %v recipes are cloned & up-to-date, this could take some time...", barLength)
+		}
+
+		if !internal.SkipUpdates {
+			logrus.Warn(logMsg)
+			if err := recipe.UpdateRepositories(repos, recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		catl := make(recipe.RecipeCatalogue)
+		catlBar := formatter.CreateProgressbar(barLength, "generating catalogue metadata...")
+		for _, recipeMeta := range repos {
+			if recipeName != "" && recipeName != recipeMeta.Name {
+				catlBar.Add(1)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if _, exists := catalogue.CatalogueSkipList[recipeMeta.Name]; exists {
+				catlBar.Add(1)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			versions, err := recipe.GetRecipeVersions(recipeMeta.Name, conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Warn(err)
+			}
+
+			features, category, err := recipe.GetRecipeFeaturesAndCategory(recipeMeta.Name)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Warn(err)
+			}
+
+			catl[recipeMeta.Name] = recipe.RecipeMeta{
+				Name:          recipeMeta.Name,
+				Repository:    recipeMeta.CloneURL,
+				SSHURL:        recipeMeta.SSHURL,
+				Icon:          recipeMeta.AvatarURL,
+				DefaultBranch: recipeMeta.DefaultBranch,
+				Description:   recipeMeta.Description,
+				Website:       recipeMeta.Website,
+				Versions:      versions,
+				Category:      category,
+				Features:      features,
+			}
+
+			catlBar.Add(1)
+		}
+
+		recipesJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(catl, "", "    ")
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if recipeName == "" {
+			if err := ioutil.WriteFile(config.RECIPES_JSON, recipesJSON, 0764); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			catlFS, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			catlFS[recipeName] = catl[recipeName]
+
+			updatedRecipesJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(catlFS, "", "    ")
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if err := ioutil.WriteFile(config.RECIPES_JSON, updatedRecipesJSON, 0764); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("generated new recipe catalogue in %s", config.RECIPES_JSON)
+
+		cataloguePath := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "catalogue")
+		if internal.Publish {
+
+			isClean, err := gitPkg.IsClean(cataloguePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if isClean {
+				if !internal.Dry {
+					logrus.Fatalf("no changes discovered in %s, nothing to publish?", cataloguePath)
+				}
+			}
+
+			msg := "chore: publish new catalogue release changes"
+			if err := gitPkg.Commit(cataloguePath, "**.json", msg, internal.Dry); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			repo, err := git.PlainOpen(cataloguePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			sshURL := fmt.Sprintf(config.SSH_URL_TEMPLATE, config.CATALOGUE_JSON_REPO_NAME)
+			if err := gitPkg.CreateRemote(repo, "origin-ssh", sshURL, internal.Dry); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if err := gitPkg.Push(cataloguePath, "origin-ssh", false, internal.Dry); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		repo, err := git.PlainOpen(cataloguePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		head, err := repo.Head()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !internal.Dry && internal.Publish {
+			url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/commit/%s", config.REPOS_BASE_URL, config.CATALOGUE_JSON_REPO_NAME, head.Hash())
+			logrus.Infof("new changes published: %s", url)
+		}
+
+		if internal.Dry {
+			logrus.Info("dry run: no changes published")
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
+}
+
+// CatalogueCommand defines the `abra catalogue` command and sub-commands.
+var CatalogueCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:        "catalogue",
+	Usage:       "Manage the recipe catalogue",
+	Aliases:     []string{"c"},
+	ArgsUsage:   "<recipe>",
+	Description: "This command helps recipe packagers interact with the recipe catalogue",
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
+		catalogueGenerateCommand,
+	},
+}

cli/cli.go

@@ -2,72 +2,201 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/app"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/record"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/server"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/web"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-// Verbose stores the variable from VerboseFlag.
-var Verbose bool
+// AutoCompleteCommand helps people set up auto-complete in their shells
+var AutoCompleteCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "autocomplete",
+	Aliases: []string{"ac"},
+	Usage:   "Configure shell autocompletion (recommended)",
+	Description: `
+Set up auto-completion in your shell by downloading the relevant files and
+laying out what additional information must be loaded. Supported shells are as
+follows: bash, fish, fizsh & zsh.
 
-// VerboseFlag turns on/off verbose logging down to the INFO level.
-var VerboseFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "verbose",
-	Aliases:     []string{"V"},
-	Value:       false,
-	Destination: &Verbose,
-	Usage:       "Show INFO messages",
+Example:
+
+    abra autocomplete bash
+`,
+	ArgsUsage: "<shell>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+	},
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		shellType := c.Args().First()
+
+		if shellType == "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no shell provided"))
+		}
+
+		supportedShells := map[string]bool{
+			"bash":  true,
+			"zsh":   true,
+			"fizsh": true,
+			"fish":  true,
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := supportedShells[shellType]; !ok {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not a supported shell right now, sorry", shellType)
+		}
+
+		if shellType == "fizsh" {
+			shellType = "zsh" // handled the same on the autocompletion side
+		}
+
+		autocompletionDir := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "autocompletion")
+		if err := os.Mkdir(autocompletionDir, 0764); err != nil {
+			if !os.IsExist(err) {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			logrus.Debugf("%s already created", autocompletionDir)
+		}
+
+		autocompletionFile := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "autocompletion", shellType)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(autocompletionFile); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			url := fmt.Sprintf("https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra/raw/branch/main/scripts/autocomplete/%s", shellType)
+			logrus.Infof("fetching %s", url)
+			if err := web.GetFile(autocompletionFile, url); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		switch shellType {
+		case "bash":
+			fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+# Run the following commands to install auto-completion
+sudo mkdir /etc/bash_completion.d/
+sudo cp %s /etc/bash_completion.d/abra
+echo "source /etc/bash_completion.d/abra" >> ~/.bashrc
+# To test, run the following: "abra app <hit tab key>" - you should see command completion!
+`, autocompletionFile))
+		case "zsh":
+			fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+# Run the following commands to install auto-completion
+sudo mkdir /etc/zsh/completion.d/
+sudo cp %s /etc/zsh/completion.d/abra
+echo "PROG=abra\n_CLI_ZSH_AUTOCOMPLETE_HACK=1\nsource /etc/zsh/completion.d/abra" >> ~/.zshrc
+# To test, run the following: "abra app <hit tab key>" - you should see command completion!
+`, autocompletionFile))
+		case "fish":
+			fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+# Run the following commands to install auto-completion
+sudo mkdir -p /etc/fish/completions
+sudo cp %s /etc/fish/completions/abra
+echo "source /etc/fish/completions/abra" >> ~/.config/fish/config.fish
+# To test, run the following: "abra app <hit tab key>" - you should see command completion!
+`, autocompletionFile))
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
 }
 
-// Debug stores the variable from DebugFlag.
-var Debug bool
+// UpgradeCommand upgrades abra in-place.
+var UpgradeCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "upgrade",
+	Aliases: []string{"u"},
+	Usage:   "Upgrade Abra itself",
+	Description: `
+Upgrade Abra in-place with the latest stable or release candidate.
 
-// DebugFlag turns on/off verbose logging down to the DEBUG level.
-var DebugFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "debug",
-	Aliases:     []string{"d"},
-	Value:       false,
-	Destination: &Debug,
-	Usage:       "Show DEBUG messages",
+Pass "-r/--rc" to install the latest release candidate. Please bear in mind
+that it may contain catastrophic bugs. Thank you very much for the testing
+efforts!
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{internal.RCFlag},
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		mainURL := "https://install.abra.coopcloud.tech"
+		cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("wget -q -O- %s | bash", mainURL))
+
+		if internal.RC {
+			releaseCandidateURL := "https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/abra/raw/branch/main/scripts/installer/installer"
+			cmd = exec.Command("bash", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("wget -q -O- %s | bash -s -- --rc", releaseCandidateURL))
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("attempting to run %s", cmd)
+
+		if err := internal.RunCmd(cmd); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
 }
 
-// RunApp runs CLI abra app.
-func RunApp(version, commit string) {
+func newAbraApp(version, commit string) *cli.App {
 	app := &cli.App{
 		Name: "abra",
 		Usage: `The Co-op Cloud command-line utility belt 🎩🐇
-
     ____                           ____ _                 _
    / ___|___         ___  _ __    / ___| | ___  _   _  __| |
   | |   / _ \ _____ / _ \| '_ \  | |   | |/ _ \| | | |/ _' |
   | |__| (_) |_____| (_) | |_) | | |___| | (_) | |_| | (_| |
    \____\___/       \___/| .__/   \____|_|\___/ \__,_|\__,_|
                          |_|
-		`,
+`,
 		Version: fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", version, commit[:7]),
-		Commands: []*cli.Command{
+		Commands: []cli.Command{
 			app.AppCommand,
 			server.ServerCommand,
 			recipe.RecipeCommand,
-			VersionCommand,
-		},
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			VerboseFlag,
-			DebugFlag,
-		},
-		Authors: []*cli.Author{
-			&cli.Author{
-				Name:  "Autonomic Co-op",
-				Email: "helo@autonomic.zone",
-			},
+			catalogue.CatalogueCommand,
+			record.RecordCommand,
+			UpgradeCommand,
+			AutoCompleteCommand,
 		},
+		BashComplete: autocomplete.SubcommandComplete,
 	}
 
+	app.EnableBashCompletion = true
+
+	app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		paths := []string{
+			config.ABRA_DIR,
+			path.Join(config.SERVERS_DIR),
+			path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR),
+			path.Join(config.VENDOR_DIR),
+			path.Join(config.BACKUP_DIR),
+		}
+
+		for _, path := range paths {
+			if err := os.Mkdir(path, 0764); err != nil {
+				if !os.IsExist(err) {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		logrus.Debugf("abra version %s, commit %s", version, commit)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return app
+}
+
+// RunApp runs CLI abra app.
+func RunApp(version, commit string) {
+	app := newAbraApp(version, commit)
+
 	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
 	}

cli/formatter/formatter.go

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package formatter
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/formatter"
-	"github.com/docker/go-units"
-	"github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
-)
-
-func ShortenID(str string) string {
-	return str[:12]
-}
-
-func Truncate(str string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s"`, formatter.Ellipsis(str, 19))
-}
-
-// RemoveSha remove image sha from a string that are added in some docker outputs
-func RemoveSha(str string) string {
-	return strings.Split(str, "@")[0]
-}
-
-// HumanDuration from docker/cli RunningFor() to be accessible outside of the class
-func HumanDuration(timestamp int64) string {
-	date := time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
-	now := time.Now().UTC()
-	return units.HumanDuration(now.Sub(date)) + " ago"
-}
-
-func CreateTable(columns []string) *tablewriter.Table {
-	table := tablewriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout)
-	table.SetHeader(columns)
-	return table
-}

cli/internal/backup.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// SafeSplit splits up a string into a list of commands safely.
+func SafeSplit(s string) []string {
+	split := strings.Split(s, " ")
+
+	var result []string
+	var inquote string
+	var block string
+	for _, i := range split {
+		if inquote == "" {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(i, "'") || strings.HasPrefix(i, "\"") {
+				inquote = string(i[0])
+				block = strings.TrimPrefix(i, inquote) + " "
+			} else {
+				result = append(result, i)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if !strings.HasSuffix(i, inquote) {
+				block += i + " "
+			} else {
+				block += strings.TrimSuffix(i, inquote)
+				inquote = ""
+				result = append(result, block)
+				block = ""
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}

cli/internal/cli.go

@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	logrusStack "github.com/Gurpartap/logrus-stack"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// Secrets stores the variable from SecretsFlag
+var Secrets bool
+
+// SecretsFlag turns on/off automatically generating secrets
+var SecretsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "secrets, S",
+	Usage:       "Automatically generate secrets",
+	Destination: &Secrets,
+}
+
+// Pass stores the variable from PassFlag
+var Pass bool
+
+// PassFlag turns on/off storing generated secrets in pass
+var PassFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "pass, p",
+	Usage:       "Store the generated secrets in a local pass store",
+	Destination: &Pass,
+}
+
+// PassRemove stores the variable for PassRemoveFlag
+var PassRemove bool
+
+// PassRemoveFlag turns on/off removing generated secrets from pass
+var PassRemoveFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "pass, p",
+	Usage:       "Remove generated secrets from a local pass store",
+	Destination: &PassRemove,
+}
+
+// Force force functionality without asking.
+var Force bool
+
+// ForceFlag turns on/off force functionality.
+var ForceFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "force, f",
+	Usage:       "Perform action without further prompt. Use with care!",
+	Destination: &Force,
+}
+
+// Chaos engages chaos mode.
+var Chaos bool
+
+// ChaosFlag turns on/off chaos functionality.
+var ChaosFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "chaos, C",
+	Usage:       "Deploy uncommitted recipes changes. Use with care!",
+	Destination: &Chaos,
+}
+
+// Disable tty to run commands from script
+var Tty bool
+
+// TtyFlag turns on/off tty mode.
+var TtyFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "tty, T",
+	Usage:       "Disables TTY mode to run this command from a script.",
+	Destination: &Tty,
+}
+
+// DNSProvider specifies a DNS provider.
+var DNSProvider string
+
+// DNSProviderFlag selects a DNS provider.
+var DNSProviderFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "provider, p",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "DNS provider",
+	Destination: &DNSProvider,
+}
+
+var NoInput bool
+var NoInputFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "no-input, n",
+	Usage:       "Toggle non-interactive mode",
+	Destination: &NoInput,
+}
+
+var DNSType string
+
+var DNSTypeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "record-type, rt",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Domain name record type (e.g. A)",
+	Destination: &DNSType,
+}
+
+var DNSName string
+
+var DNSNameFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "record-name, rn",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Domain name record name (e.g. mysubdomain)",
+	Destination: &DNSName,
+}
+
+var DNSValue string
+
+var DNSValueFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "record-value, rv",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Domain name record value (e.g. 192.168.1.1)",
+	Destination: &DNSValue,
+}
+
+var DNSTTL string
+var DNSTTLFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "record-ttl, rl",
+	Value:       "600s",
+	Usage:       "Domain name TTL value (seconds)",
+	Destination: &DNSTTL,
+}
+
+var DNSPriority int
+
+var DNSPriorityFlag = &cli.IntFlag{
+	Name:        "record-priority, rp",
+	Value:       10,
+	Usage:       "Domain name priority value",
+	Destination: &DNSPriority,
+}
+
+var ServerProvider string
+
+var ServerProviderFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "provider, p",
+	Usage:       "3rd party server provider",
+	Destination: &ServerProvider,
+}
+
+var CapsulInstanceURL string
+
+var CapsulInstanceURLFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "capsul-url, cu",
+	Value:       "yolo.servers.coop",
+	Usage:       "capsul instance URL",
+	Destination: &CapsulInstanceURL,
+}
+
+var CapsulName string
+
+var CapsulNameFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "capsul-name, cn",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "capsul name",
+	Destination: &CapsulName,
+}
+
+var CapsulType string
+
+var CapsulTypeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "capsul-type, ct",
+	Value:       "f1-xs",
+	Usage:       "capsul type",
+	Destination: &CapsulType,
+}
+
+var CapsulImage string
+
+var CapsulImageFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "capsul-image, ci",
+	Value:       "debian10",
+	Usage:       "capsul image",
+	Destination: &CapsulImage,
+}
+
+var CapsulSSHKeys cli.StringSlice
+var CapsulSSHKeysFlag = &cli.StringSliceFlag{
+	Name:  "capsul-ssh-keys, cs",
+	Usage: "capsul SSH key",
+	Value: &CapsulSSHKeys,
+}
+
+var CapsulAPIToken string
+
+var CapsulAPITokenFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "capsul-token, ca",
+	Usage:       "capsul API token",
+	EnvVar:      "CAPSUL_TOKEN",
+	Destination: &CapsulAPIToken,
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudName string
+
+var HetznerCloudNameFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "hetzner-name, hn",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "hetzner cloud name",
+	Destination: &HetznerCloudName,
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudType string
+
+var HetznerCloudTypeFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "hetzner-type, ht",
+	Usage:       "hetzner cloud type",
+	Destination: &HetznerCloudType,
+	Value:       "cx11",
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudImage string
+
+var HetznerCloudImageFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "hetzner-image, hi",
+	Usage:       "hetzner cloud image",
+	Value:       "debian-10",
+	Destination: &HetznerCloudImage,
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudSSHKeys cli.StringSlice
+
+var HetznerCloudSSHKeysFlag = &cli.StringSliceFlag{
+	Name:  "hetzner-ssh-keys, hs",
+	Usage: "hetzner cloud SSH keys (e.g. me@foo.com)",
+	Value: &HetznerCloudSSHKeys,
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudLocation string
+
+var HetznerCloudLocationFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "hetzner-location, hl",
+	Usage:       "hetzner cloud server location",
+	Value:       "hel1",
+	Destination: &HetznerCloudLocation,
+}
+
+var HetznerCloudAPIToken string
+
+var HetznerCloudAPITokenFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "hetzner-token, ha",
+	Usage:       "hetzner cloud API token",
+	EnvVar:      "HCLOUD_TOKEN",
+	Destination: &HetznerCloudAPIToken,
+}
+
+// Debug stores the variable from DebugFlag.
+var Debug bool
+
+// DebugFlag turns on/off verbose logging down to the DEBUG level.
+var DebugFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "debug, d",
+	Destination: &Debug,
+	Usage:       "Show DEBUG messages",
+}
+
+// Offline stores the variable from OfflineFlag.
+var Offline bool
+
+// DebugFlag turns on/off offline mode.
+var OfflineFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "offline, o",
+	Destination: &Offline,
+	Usage:       "Prefer offline & filesystem access when possible",
+}
+
+// MachineReadable stores the variable from MachineReadableFlag
+var MachineReadable bool
+
+// MachineReadableFlag turns on/off machine readable output where supported
+var MachineReadableFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "machine, m",
+	Destination: &MachineReadable,
+	Usage:       "Output in a machine-readable format (where supported)",
+}
+
+// RC signifies the latest release candidate
+var RC bool
+
+// RCFlag chooses the latest release candidate for install
+var RCFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "rc, r",
+	Destination: &RC,
+	Usage:       "Install the latest release candidate",
+}
+
+var Major bool
+var MajorFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "major, x",
+	Usage:       "Increase the major part of the version",
+	Destination: &Major,
+}
+
+var Minor bool
+var MinorFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "minor, y",
+	Usage:       "Increase the minor part of the version",
+	Destination: &Minor,
+}
+
+var Patch bool
+var PatchFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "patch, z",
+	Usage:       "Increase the patch part of the version",
+	Destination: &Patch,
+}
+
+var Dry bool
+var DryFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "dry-run, r",
+	Usage:       "Only reports changes that would be made",
+	Destination: &Dry,
+}
+
+var Publish bool
+var PublishFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "publish, p",
+	Usage:       "Publish changes to git.coopcloud.tech",
+	Destination: &Publish,
+}
+
+var Domain string
+var DomainFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "domain, D",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Choose a domain name",
+	Destination: &Domain,
+}
+
+var NewAppServer string
+var NewAppServerFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "server, s",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Show apps of a specific server",
+	Destination: &NewAppServer,
+}
+
+var NoDomainChecks bool
+var NoDomainChecksFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "no-domain-checks, D",
+	Usage:       "Disable app domain sanity checks",
+	Destination: &NoDomainChecks,
+}
+
+var StdErrOnly bool
+var StdErrOnlyFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "stderr, s",
+	Usage:       "Only tail stderr",
+	Destination: &StdErrOnly,
+}
+
+var SinceLogs string
+var SinceLogsFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "since, S",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "tail logs since YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ",
+	Destination: &SinceLogs,
+}
+
+var DontWaitConverge bool
+var DontWaitConvergeFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "no-converge-checks, c",
+	Usage:       "Don't wait for converge logic checks",
+	Destination: &DontWaitConverge,
+}
+
+var Watch bool
+var WatchFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "watch, w",
+	Usage:       "Watch status by polling repeatedly",
+	Destination: &Watch,
+}
+
+var OnlyErrors bool
+var OnlyErrorFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "errors, e",
+	Usage:       "Only show errors",
+	Destination: &OnlyErrors,
+}
+
+var SkipUpdates bool
+var SkipUpdatesFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "skip-updates, s",
+	Usage:       "Skip updating recipe repositories",
+	Destination: &SkipUpdates,
+}
+
+var AllTags bool
+var AllTagsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "all-tags, a",
+	Usage:       "List all tags, not just upgrades",
+	Destination: &AllTags,
+}
+
+var LocalCmd bool
+var LocalCmdFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "local, l",
+	Usage:       "Run command locally",
+	Destination: &LocalCmd,
+}
+
+var RemoteUser string
+var RemoteUserFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "user, u",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "User to run command within a service context",
+	Destination: &RemoteUser,
+}
+
+// SubCommandBefore wires up pre-action machinery (e.g. --debug handling).
+func SubCommandBefore(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if Debug {
+		logrus.SetLevel(logrus.DebugLevel)
+		logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.TextFormatter{})
+		logrus.SetOutput(os.Stderr)
+		logrus.AddHook(logrusStack.StandardHook())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cli/internal/command.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	containerPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/container"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/container"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/archive"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// RunCmdRemote executes an abra.sh command in the target service
+func RunCmdRemote(cl *dockerClient.Client, app config.App, abraSh, serviceName, cmdName, cmdArgs string) error {
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+	filters.Add("name", fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", app.StackName(), serviceName))
+
+	targetContainer, err := containerPkg.GetContainer(context.Background(), cl, filters, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s as target container on %s", formatter.ShortenID(targetContainer.ID), app.Server)
+
+	toTarOpts := &archive.TarOptions{NoOverwriteDirNonDir: true, Compression: archive.Gzip}
+	content, err := archive.TarWithOptions(abraSh, toTarOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	copyOpts := types.CopyToContainerOptions{AllowOverwriteDirWithFile: false, CopyUIDGID: false}
+	if err := cl.CopyToContainer(context.Background(), targetContainer.ID, "/tmp", content, copyOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// FIXME: avoid instantiating a new CLI
+	dcli, err := command.NewDockerCli()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	shell := "/bin/bash"
+	findShell := []string{"test", "-e", shell}
+	execCreateOpts := types.ExecConfig{
+		AttachStderr: true,
+		AttachStdin:  true,
+		AttachStdout: true,
+		Cmd:          findShell,
+		Detach:       false,
+		Tty:          false,
+	}
+
+	if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &execCreateOpts); err != nil {
+		logrus.Infof("%s does not exist for %s, use /bin/sh as fallback", shell, app.Name)
+		shell = "/bin/sh"
+	}
+
+	var cmd []string
+	if cmdArgs != "" {
+		cmd = []string{shell, "-c", fmt.Sprintf("TARGET=%s; APP_NAME=%s; STACK_NAME=%s; . /tmp/abra.sh; %s %s", serviceName, app.Name, app.StackName(), cmdName, cmdArgs)}
+	} else {
+		cmd = []string{shell, "-c", fmt.Sprintf("TARGET=%s; APP_NAME=%s; STACK_NAME=%s; . /tmp/abra.sh; %s", serviceName, app.Name, app.StackName(), cmdName)}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("running command: %s", strings.Join(cmd, " "))
+
+	if RemoteUser != "" {
+		logrus.Debugf("running command with user %s", RemoteUser)
+		execCreateOpts.User = RemoteUser
+	}
+
+	execCreateOpts.Cmd = cmd
+	execCreateOpts.Tty = true
+	if Tty {
+		execCreateOpts.Tty = false
+	}
+
+	if err := container.RunExec(dcli, cl, targetContainer.ID, &execCreateOpts); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func EnsureCommand(abraSh, recipeName, execCmd string) error {
+	bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(abraSh)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(string(bytes), execCmd) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s doesn't have a %s function", recipeName, execCmd)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RunCmd runs a shell command and streams stdout/stderr in real-time.
+func RunCmd(cmd *exec.Cmd) error {
+	r, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	cmd.Stderr = cmd.Stdout
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+
+	go func() {
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Text()
+			fmt.Println(line)
+		}
+		done <- struct{}{}
+	}()
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	<-done
+
+	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cli/internal/common.go

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-package internal
-
-import (
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-)
-
-// Secrets stores the variable from SecretsFlag
-var Secrets bool
-
-// SecretsFlag turns on/off automatically generating secrets
-var SecretsFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "secrets",
-	Aliases:     []string{"S"},
-	Value:       false,
-	Usage:       "Automatically generate secrets",
-	Destination: &Secrets,
-}
-
-// Pass stores the variable from PassFlag
-var Pass bool
-
-// PassFlag turns on/off storing generated secrets in pass
-var PassFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "pass",
-	Aliases:     []string{"P"},
-	Value:       false,
-	Usage:       "Store the generated secrets in a local pass store",
-	Destination: &Pass,
-}
-
-// Context is temp
-var Context string
-
-// ContextFlag is temp
-var ContextFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
-	Name:        "context",
-	Value:       "",
-	Aliases:     []string{"c"},
-	Destination: &Context,
-}
-
-// Force force functionality without asking.
-var Force bool
-
-// ForceFlag turns on/off force functionality.
-var ForceFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
-	Name:        "force",
-	Value:       false,
-	Aliases:     []string{"f"},
-	Destination: &Force,
-}

cli/internal/errors.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // ShowSubcommandHelpAndError exits the program on error, logs the error to the

cli/internal/list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package internal
+
+// ReverseStringList reverses a list of a strings. Roll on Go generics.
+func ReverseStringList(strings []string) []string {
+	for i, j := 0, len(strings)-1; i < j; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
+		strings[i], strings[j] = strings[j], strings[i]
+	}
+
+	return strings
+}

cli/internal/recipe.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// PromptBumpType prompts for version bump type
+func PromptBumpType(tagString, latestRelease string) error {
+	if (!Major && !Minor && !Patch) && tagString == "" {
+		fmt.Printf(`
+You need to make a decision about what kind of an update this new recipe
+version is. If someone else performs this upgrade, do they have to do some
+migration work or take care of some breaking changes? This can be signaled in
+the version you specify on the recipe deploy label and is called a semantic
+version.
+
+The latest published version is %s.
+
+Here is a semver cheat sheet (more on https://semver.org):
+
+    major: new features/bug fixes, backwards incompatible (e.g 1.0.0 -> 2.0.0).
+           the upgrade won't work without some preparation work and others need
+           to take care when performing it. "it could go wrong".
+
+    minor: new features/bug fixes, backwards compatible (e.g. 0.1.0 -> 0.2.0).
+           the upgrade should Just Work and there are no breaking changes in
+           the app and the recipe config. "it should go fine".
+
+    patch: bug fixes, backwards compatible (e.g. 0.0.1 -> 0.0.2). this upgrade
+           should also Just Work and is mostly to do with minor bug fixes
+           and/or security patches. "nothing to worry about".
+
+`, latestRelease)
+
+		var chosenBumpType string
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("select recipe version increment type"),
+			Options: []string{"major", "minor", "patch"},
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &chosenBumpType); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		SetBumpType(chosenBumpType)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetBumpType figures out which bump type is specified
+func GetBumpType() string {
+	var bumpType string
+
+	if Major {
+		bumpType = "major"
+	} else if Minor {
+		bumpType = "minor"
+	} else if Patch {
+		bumpType = "patch"
+	} else {
+		logrus.Fatal("no version bump type specififed?")
+	}
+
+	return bumpType
+}
+
+// SetBumpType figures out which bump type is specified
+func SetBumpType(bumpType string) {
+	if bumpType == "major" {
+		Major = true
+	} else if bumpType == "minor" {
+		Minor = true
+	} else if bumpType == "patch" {
+		Patch = true
+	} else {
+		logrus.Fatal("no version bump type specififed?")
+	}
+}
+
+// GetMainAppImage retrieves the main 'app' image name
+func GetMainAppImage(recipe recipe.Recipe) (string, error) {
+	var path string
+
+	for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			img, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+
+			path = reference.Path(img)
+			path = formatter.StripTagMeta(path)
+
+			return path, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if path == "" {
+		return path, fmt.Errorf("%s has no main 'app' service?", recipe.Name)
+	}
+
+	return path, nil
+}

cli/internal/validate.go

@@ -2,34 +2,113 @@ package internal
 
 import (
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
+	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/app"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // ValidateRecipe ensures the recipe arg is valid.
-func ValidateRecipe(c *cli.Context) recipe.Recipe {
+func ValidateRecipe(c *cli.Context, conf *runtime.Config) recipe.Recipe {
 	recipeName := c.Args().First()
 
 	if recipeName == "" {
-		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no recipe provided"))
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no recipe name provided"))
 	}
 
-	recipe, err := recipe.Get(recipeName)
+	chosenRecipe, err := recipe.Get(recipeName, conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		if c.Command.Name == "generate" {
+			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "missing a compose") {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			logrus.Warn(err)
+		} else {
+			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "template_driver is not allowed") {
+				logrus.Warnf("ensure %s recipe compose.* files include \"version: '3.8'\"", recipeName)
+			}
+			logrus.Fatalf("unable to validate recipe: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := recipe.EnsureLatest(recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("validated %s as recipe argument", recipeName)
+
+	return chosenRecipe
+}
+
+// ValidateRecipeWithPrompt ensures a recipe argument is present before
+// validating, asking for input if required.
+func ValidateRecipeWithPrompt(c *cli.Context, conf *runtime.Config) recipe.Recipe {
+	recipeName := c.Args().First()
+
+	if recipeName == "" && !NoInput {
+		var recipes []string
+
+		catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		knownRecipes := make(map[string]bool)
+		for name := range catl {
+			knownRecipes[name] = true
+		}
+
+		localRecipes, err := recipe.GetRecipesLocal()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		for _, recipeLocal := range localRecipes {
+			if _, ok := knownRecipes[recipeLocal]; !ok {
+				knownRecipes[recipeLocal] = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		for recipeName := range knownRecipes {
+			recipes = append(recipes, recipeName)
+		}
+
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "Select recipe",
+			Options: recipes,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &recipeName); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if recipeName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no recipe name provided"))
+	}
+
+	chosenRecipe, err := recipe.Get(recipeName, conf)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
-	return recipe
+	if err := recipe.EnsureLatest(recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("validated %s as recipe argument", recipeName)
+
+	return chosenRecipe
 }
 
 // ValidateApp ensures the app name arg is valid.
-func ValidateApp(c *cli.Context) config.App {
+func ValidateApp(c *cli.Context, conf *runtime.Config) config.App {
 	appName := c.Args().First()
 
 	if appName == "" {
@@ -39,8 +118,383 @@ func ValidateApp(c *cli.Context) config.App {
 	app, err := app.Get(appName)
 	if err != nil {
 		logrus.Fatal(err)
-		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 
+	if err := recipe.EnsureExists(app.Recipe, conf); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("validated %s as app argument", appName)
+
 	return app
 }
+
+// ValidateDomain ensures the domain name arg is valid.
+func ValidateDomain(c *cli.Context) string {
+	domainName := c.Args().First()
+
+	if domainName == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify a domain name",
+			Default: "example.com",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &domainName); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if domainName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no domain provided"))
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("validated %s as domain argument", domainName)
+
+	return domainName
+}
+
+// ValidateSubCmdFlags ensures flag order conforms to correct order
+func ValidateSubCmdFlags(c *cli.Context) bool {
+	for argIdx, arg := range c.Args() {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(arg, "--") {
+			for _, flag := range c.Args()[argIdx:] {
+				if strings.HasPrefix(flag, "--") {
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// ValidateServer ensures the server name arg is valid.
+func ValidateServer(c *cli.Context) string {
+	serverName := c.Args().First()
+
+	serverNames, err := config.ReadServerNames()
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if serverName == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "Specify a server name",
+			Options: serverNames,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &serverName); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	matched := false
+	for _, name := range serverNames {
+		if name == serverName {
+			matched = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !matched {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("server doesn't exist?"))
+	}
+
+	if serverName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no server provided"))
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("validated %s as server argument", serverName)
+
+	return serverName
+}
+
+// EnsureDNSProvider ensures a DNS provider is chosen.
+func EnsureDNSProvider() error {
+	if DNSProvider == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "Select DNS provider",
+			Options: []string{"gandi"},
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &DNSProvider); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if DNSProvider == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing DNS provider?")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureDNSTypeFlag ensures a DNS type flag is present.
+func EnsureDNSTypeFlag(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if DNSType == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify DNS record type",
+			Default: "A",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &DNSType); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if DNSType == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no record type provided"))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureDNSNameFlag ensures a DNS name flag is present.
+func EnsureDNSNameFlag(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if DNSName == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify DNS record name",
+			Default: "mysubdomain",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &DNSName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if DNSName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no record name provided"))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureDNSValueFlag ensures a DNS value flag is present.
+func EnsureDNSValueFlag(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if DNSValue == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify DNS record value",
+			Default: "192.168.1.2",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &DNSValue); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if DNSValue == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no record value provided"))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureZoneArgument ensures a zone argument is present.
+func EnsureZoneArgument(c *cli.Context) (string, error) {
+	zone := c.Args().First()
+
+	if zone == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "Specify a domain name zone",
+			Default: "example.com",
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &zone); err != nil {
+			return zone, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if zone == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no zone value provided"))
+	}
+
+	return zone, nil
+}
+
+// EnsureServerProvider ensures a 3rd party server provider is chosen.
+func EnsureServerProvider() error {
+	if ServerProvider == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "Select server provider",
+			Options: []string{"capsul", "hetzner-cloud"},
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &ServerProvider); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ServerProvider == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("missing server provider?")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureNewCapsulVPSFlags ensure all flags are present.
+func EnsureNewCapsulVPSFlags(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if CapsulName == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify capsul name",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify capsul instance URL",
+			Default: CapsulInstanceURL,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulInstanceURL); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify capsul type",
+			Default: CapsulType,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulType); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify capsul image",
+			Default: CapsulImage,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulImage); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(CapsulSSHKeys.Value()) == 0 && !NoInput {
+		var sshKeys string
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify capsul SSH keys (e.g. me@foo.com)",
+			Default: "",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulSSHKeys); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		CapsulSSHKeys = cli.StringSlice(strings.Split(sshKeys, ","))
+	}
+
+	if CapsulAPIToken == "" && !NoInput {
+		token, ok := os.LookupEnv("CAPSUL_TOKEN")
+		if !ok {
+			prompt := &survey.Input{
+				Message: "specify capsul API token",
+			}
+			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &CapsulAPIToken); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			CapsulAPIToken = token
+		}
+	}
+
+	if CapsulName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul name?"))
+	}
+	if CapsulInstanceURL == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul instance url?"))
+	}
+	if CapsulType == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul type?"))
+	}
+	if CapsulImage == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul image?"))
+	}
+	if len(CapsulSSHKeys.Value()) == 0 {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul ssh keys?"))
+	}
+	if CapsulAPIToken == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing capsul API token?"))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EnsureNewHetznerCloudVPSFlags ensure all flags are present.
+func EnsureNewHetznerCloudVPSFlags(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if HetznerCloudName == "" && !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud VPS name",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &HetznerCloudName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud VPS type",
+			Default: HetznerCloudType,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &HetznerCloudType); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud VPS image",
+			Default: HetznerCloudImage,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &HetznerCloudImage); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(HetznerCloudSSHKeys.Value()) == 0 && !NoInput {
+		var sshKeys string
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud SSH keys (e.g. me@foo.com)",
+			Default: "",
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &sshKeys); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		HetznerCloudSSHKeys = cli.StringSlice(strings.Split(sshKeys, ","))
+	}
+
+	if !NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud VPS location",
+			Default: HetznerCloudLocation,
+		}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &HetznerCloudLocation); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if HetznerCloudAPIToken == "" && !NoInput {
+		token, ok := os.LookupEnv("HCLOUD_TOKEN")
+		if !ok {
+			prompt := &survey.Input{
+				Message: "specify hetzner cloud API token",
+			}
+			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &HetznerCloudAPIToken); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			HetznerCloudAPIToken = token
+		}
+	}
+
+	if HetznerCloudName == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing hetzner cloud VPS name?"))
+	}
+	if HetznerCloudType == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing hetzner cloud VPS type?"))
+	}
+	if HetznerCloudImage == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing hetzner cloud image?"))
+	}
+	if HetznerCloudLocation == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing hetzner cloud VPS location?"))
+	}
+	if HetznerCloudAPIToken == "" {
+		ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, fmt.Errorf("missing hetzner cloud API token?"))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

cli/recipe/fetch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package recipe
+
+import (
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var recipeFetchCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:        "fetch",
+	Usage:       "Fetch recipe local copies",
+	Aliases:     []string{"f"},
+	ArgsUsage:   "[<recipe>]",
+	Description: "Fetchs all recipes without arguments.",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipeName := c.Args().First()
+
+		if recipeName != "" {
+			internal.ValidateRecipe(c, conf)
+			return nil // ValidateRecipe ensures latest checkout
+		}
+
+		repos, err := recipe.ReadReposMetadata(conf)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := recipe.UpdateRepositories(repos, recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/recipe/lint.go

@@ -2,91 +2,104 @@ package recipe
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
-	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/lint"
+	recipePkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeLintCommand = &cli.Command{
+var recipeLintCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "lint",
 	Usage:     "Lint a recipe",
 	Aliases:   []string{"l"},
 	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OnlyErrorFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c, conf)
 
-		expectedVersion := false
-		if recipe.Config.Version == "3.8" {
-			expectedVersion = true
-		}
-
-		envSampleProvided := false
-		envSample := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/.env.sample", config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name)
-		if _, err := os.Stat(envSample); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			envSampleProvided = true
-		} else if err != nil {
+		if err := recipePkg.EnsureUpToDate(recipe.Name, conf); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		serviceNamedApp := false
-		traefikEnabled := false
-		healthChecksForAllServices := true
-		allImagesTagged := true
-		noUnstableTags := true
-		semverLikeTags := true
-		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
-			if service.Name == "app" {
-				serviceNamedApp = true
-			}
+		tableCol := []string{"ref", "rule", "severity", "satisfied", "skipped", "resolve"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
 
-			for label := range service.Deploy.Labels {
-				if label == "traefik.enable" {
-					if service.Deploy.Labels[label] == "true" {
-						traefikEnabled = true
+		hasError := false
+		bar := formatter.CreateProgressbar(-1, "running recipe lint rules...")
+		for level := range lint.LintRules {
+			for _, rule := range lint.LintRules[level] {
+				if internal.OnlyErrors && rule.Level != "error" {
+					logrus.Debugf("skipping %s, does not have level \"error\"", rule.Ref)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				skipped := false
+				if rule.Skip(recipe) {
+					skipped = true
+				}
+
+				skippedOutput := "-"
+				if skipped {
+					skippedOutput = "yes"
+				}
+
+				satisfied := false
+				if !skipped {
+					ok, err := rule.Function(recipe)
+					if err != nil {
+						logrus.Warn(err)
+					}
+
+					if !ok && rule.Level == "error" {
+						hasError = true
+					}
+
+					if ok {
+						satisfied = true
 					}
 				}
-			}
 
-			img, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if reference.IsNameOnly(img) {
-				allImagesTagged = false
-			}
+				satisfiedOutput := "yes"
+				if !satisfied {
+					satisfiedOutput = "NO"
+					if skipped {
+						satisfiedOutput = "-"
+					}
+				}
 
-			tag := img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
-			if tag == "latest" {
-				noUnstableTags = false
-			}
+				table.Append([]string{
+					rule.Ref,
+					rule.Description,
+					rule.Level,
+					satisfiedOutput,
+					skippedOutput,
+					rule.HowToResolve,
+				})
 
-			if !tagcmp.IsParsable(tag) {
-				semverLikeTags = false
-			}
-
-			if service.HealthCheck == nil {
-				healthChecksForAllServices = false
+				bar.Add(1)
 			}
 		}
 
-		tableCol := []string{"Rule", "Satisfied"}
-		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
-		table.Append([]string{"Compose files have the expected version", strconv.FormatBool(expectedVersion)})
-		table.Append([]string{"Environment configuration is provided", strconv.FormatBool(envSampleProvided)})
-		table.Append([]string{"Recipe contains a service named 'app'", strconv.FormatBool(serviceNamedApp)})
-		table.Append([]string{"Traefik routing enabled on at least one service", strconv.FormatBool(traefikEnabled)})
-		table.Append([]string{"All services have a healthcheck enabled", strconv.FormatBool(healthChecksForAllServices)})
-		table.Append([]string{"All images are using a tag", strconv.FormatBool(allImagesTagged)})
-		table.Append([]string{"No usage of unstable 'latest' tags", strconv.FormatBool(noUnstableTags)})
-		table.Append([]string{"All tags are using a semver-like format", strconv.FormatBool(semverLikeTags)})
-		table.Render()
+		if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+			fmt.Println()
+			table.Render()
+		}
+
+		if hasError {
+			logrus.Warn("watch out, some critical errors are present in your recipe config")
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},

cli/recipe/list.go

@@ -3,36 +3,83 @@ package recipe
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeListCommand = &cli.Command{
+var pattern string
+var patternFlag = &cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:        "pattern, p",
+	Value:       "",
+	Usage:       "Simple string to filter recipes",
+	Destination: &pattern,
+}
+
+var recipeListCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:    "list",
 	Usage:   "List available recipes",
 	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.MachineReadableFlag,
+		patternFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		catl, err := catalogue.ReadRecipeCatalogue()
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+
+		catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err.Error())
 		}
 
 		recipes := catl.Flatten()
-		sort.Sort(catalogue.ByRecipeName(recipes))
+		sort.Sort(recipe.ByRecipeName(recipes))
 
-		tableCol := []string{"Name", "Category", "Status"}
+		tableCol := []string{"name", "category", "status", "healthcheck", "backups", "email", "tests", "SSO"}
 		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
 
+		len := 0
 		for _, recipe := range recipes {
-			status := fmt.Sprintf("%v", recipe.Features.Status)
-			tableRow := []string{recipe.Name, recipe.Category, status}
-			table.Append(tableRow)
+			tableRow := []string{
+				recipe.Name,
+				recipe.Category,
+				strconv.Itoa(recipe.Features.Status),
+				recipe.Features.Healthcheck,
+				recipe.Features.Backups,
+				recipe.Features.Email,
+				recipe.Features.Tests,
+				recipe.Features.SSO,
+			}
+
+			if pattern != "" {
+				if strings.Contains(recipe.Name, pattern) {
+					table.Append(tableRow)
+					len++
+				}
+			} else {
+				table.Append(tableRow)
+				len++
+			}
 		}
 
-		table.Render()
+		if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+			if internal.MachineReadable {
+				table.SetCaption(false, "")
+				table.JSONRender()
+			} else {
+				table.SetCaption(true, fmt.Sprintf("total recipes: %v", len))
+				table.Render()
+			}
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},

cli/recipe/new.go

@@ -1,80 +1,141 @@
 package recipe
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"text/template"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
-	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/git"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeNewCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "new",
-	Usage:     "Create a new recipe",
-	Aliases:   []string{"n"},
-	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
+// recipeMetadata is the recipe metadata for the README.md
+type recipeMetadata struct {
+	Name        string
+	Description string
+	Category    string
+	Status      string
+	Image       string
+	Healthcheck string
+	Backups     string
+	Email       string
+	Tests       string
+	SSO         string
+}
 
-		directory := path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name)
+var recipeNewCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "new",
+	Aliases: []string{"n"},
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:    internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Usage:     "Create a new recipe",
+	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
+	Description: `
+Create a new recipe.
+
+Abra uses the built-in example repository which is available here:
+
+    https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/example
+
+Files within the example repository make use of the Golang templating system
+which Abra uses to inject values into the generated recipe folder (e.g. name of
+recipe and domain in the sample environment config).
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		recipeName := c.Args().First()
+
+		if recipeName == "" {
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no recipe name provided"))
+		}
+
+		directory := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName)
 		if _, err := os.Stat(directory); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			logrus.Fatalf("'%s' recipe directory already exists?", directory)
-			return nil
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s recipe directory already exists?", directory)
 		}
 
 		url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/example.git", config.REPOS_BASE_URL)
-		_, err := git.PlainClone(directory, false, &git.CloneOptions{URL: url, Tags: git.AllTags})
-		if err != nil {
+		if err := git.Clone(directory, url); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
-			return nil
 		}
 
-		gitRepo := path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name, ".git")
+		gitRepo := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, ".git")
 		if err := os.RemoveAll(gitRepo); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
-			return nil
 		}
+		logrus.Debugf("removed example git repo in %s", gitRepo)
+
+		meta := newRecipeMeta(recipeName)
 
 		toParse := []string{
-			path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name, "README.md"),
-			path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name, ".env.sample"),
-			path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name, ".drone.yml"),
+			path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, "README.md"),
+			path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, ".env.sample"),
 		}
 		for _, path := range toParse {
-			file, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDWR, 0755)
-			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-				return nil
-			}
-
 			tpl, err := template.ParseFiles(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
-				return nil
 			}
 
-			// TODO: ask for description and probably other things so that the
-			// template repository is more "ready" to go than the current best-guess
-			// mode of templating
-			if err := tpl.Execute(file, struct {
-				Name        string
-				Description string
-			}{recipe.Name, "TODO"}); err != nil {
+			var templated bytes.Buffer
+			if err := tpl.Execute(&templated, meta); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
-				return nil
 			}
+
+			if err := ioutil.WriteFile(path, templated.Bytes(), 0644); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
 		}
 
-		logrus.Infof(
-			"New recipe '%s' created in %s, happy hacking!\n",
-			recipe.Name, path.Join(config.APPS_DIR, recipe.Name),
-		)
+		newGitRepo := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName)
+		if err := git.Init(newGitRepo, true); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		fmt.Print(fmt.Sprintf(`
+Your new %s recipe has been created in %s.
+
+In order to share your recipe, you can upload it the git repository to:
+
+    https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud/%s
+
+If you're not sure how to do that, come chat with us:
+
+    https://docs.coopcloud.tech/intro/contact
+
+See "abra recipe -h" for additional recipe maintainer commands.
+
+Happy Hacking!
+
+`, recipeName, path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName), recipeName))
 
 		return nil
 	},
 }
+
+// newRecipeMeta creates a new recipeMetadata instance with defaults
+func newRecipeMeta(recipeName string) recipeMetadata {
+	return recipeMetadata{
+		Name:        recipeName,
+		Description: "> One line description of the recipe",
+		Category:    "Apps",
+		Status:      "0",
+		Image:       fmt.Sprintf("[`%s`](https://hub.docker.com/r/%s), 4, upstream", recipeName, recipeName),
+		Healthcheck: "No",
+		Backups:     "No",
+		Email:       "No",
+		Tests:       "No",
+		SSO:         "No",
+	}
+}

cli/recipe/recipe.go

@@ -1,26 +1,34 @@
 package recipe
 
 import (
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // RecipeCommand defines all recipe related sub-commands.
-var RecipeCommand = &cli.Command{
+var RecipeCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "recipe",
+	Aliases:   []string{"r"},
 	Usage:     "Manage recipes",
 	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
-	Aliases:   []string{"r"},
 	Description: `
-A recipe is a blueprint for an app. It is a bunch of configuration files which
+A recipe is a blueprint for an app. It is a bunch of config files which
 describe how to deploy and maintain an app. Recipes are maintained by the Co-op
-Cloud community and you can use Abra to read them and create apps for you.
+Cloud community and you can use Abra to read them, deploy them and create apps
+for you.
+
+Anyone who uses a recipe can become a maintainer. Maintainers typically make
+sure the recipe is in good working order and the config upgraded in a timely
+manner. Abra supports convenient automation for recipe maintainenace, see the
+"abra recipe upgrade", "abra recipe sync" and "abra recipe release" commands.
 `,
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
-		recipeListCommand,
-		recipeVersionCommand,
-		recipeNewCommand,
-		recipeUpgradeCommand,
-		recipeSyncCommand,
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
+		recipeFetchCommand,
 		recipeLintCommand,
+		recipeListCommand,
+		recipeNewCommand,
+		recipeReleaseCommand,
+		recipeSyncCommand,
+		recipeUpgradeCommand,
+		recipeVersionCommand,
 	},
 }

cli/recipe/release.go

@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+package recipe
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	gitPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/git"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	recipePkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var recipeReleaseCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "release",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rl"},
+	Usage:     "Release a new recipe version",
+	ArgsUsage: "<recipe> [<version>]",
+	Description: `
+Create a new version of a recipe. These versions are then published on the
+Co-op Cloud recipe catalogue. These versions take the following form:
+
+    a.b.c+x.y.z
+
+Where the "a.b.c" part is a semantic version determined by the maintainer. The
+"x.y.z" part is the image tag of the recipe "app" service (the main container
+which contains the software to be used, by naming convention).
+
+We maintain a semantic versioning scheme ("a.b.c") alongside the recipe
+versioning scheme ("x.y.z") in order to maximise the chances that the nature of
+recipe updates are properly communicated. I.e. developers of an app might
+publish a minor version but that might lead to changes in the recipe which are
+major and therefore require intervention while doing the upgrade work.
+
+Publish your new release to git.coopcloud.tech with "-p/--publish". This
+requires that you have permission to git push to these repositories and have
+your SSH keys configured on your account.
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.DryFlag,
+		internal.MajorFlag,
+		internal.MinorFlag,
+		internal.PatchFlag,
+		internal.PublishFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipeWithPrompt(c, conf)
+
+		imagesTmp, err := getImageVersions(recipe)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		mainApp, err := internal.GetMainAppImage(recipe)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		mainAppVersion := imagesTmp[mainApp]
+		if mainAppVersion == "" {
+			logrus.Fatalf("main app service version for %s is empty?", recipe.Name)
+		}
+
+		tagString := c.Args().Get(1)
+		if tagString != "" {
+			if _, err := tagcmp.Parse(tagString); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatalf("cannot parse %s, invalid tag specified?", tagString)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (internal.Major || internal.Minor || internal.Patch) && tagString != "" {
+			logrus.Fatal("cannot specify tag and bump type at the same time")
+		}
+
+		if tagString != "" {
+			if err := createReleaseFromTag(recipe, tagString, mainAppVersion); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		tags, err := recipe.Tags()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if tagString == "" && (!internal.Major && !internal.Minor && !internal.Patch) {
+			var err error
+			tagString, err = getLabelVersion(recipe, false)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if len(tags) > 0 {
+			logrus.Warnf("previous git tags detected, assuming this is a new semver release")
+			if err := createReleaseFromPreviousTag(tagString, mainAppVersion, recipe, tags); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			logrus.Warnf("no tag specified and no previous tag available for %s, assuming this is the initial release", recipe.Name)
+
+			if err := createReleaseFromTag(recipe, tagString, mainAppVersion); err != nil {
+				if cleanUpErr := cleanUpTag(tagString, recipe.Name); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(cleanUpErr)
+				}
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// getImageVersions retrieves image versions for a recipe
+func getImageVersions(recipe recipe.Recipe) (map[string]string, error) {
+	var services = make(map[string]string)
+
+	missingTag := false
+	for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
+		if service.Image == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		img, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
+		if err != nil {
+			return services, err
+		}
+
+		path := reference.Path(img)
+
+		path = formatter.StripTagMeta(path)
+
+		var tag string
+		switch img.(type) {
+		case reference.NamedTagged:
+			tag = img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
+		case reference.Named:
+			if service.Name == "app" {
+				missingTag = true
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		services[path] = tag
+	}
+
+	if missingTag {
+		return services, fmt.Errorf("app service is missing image tag?")
+	}
+
+	return services, nil
+}
+
+// createReleaseFromTag creates a new release based on a supplied recipe version string
+func createReleaseFromTag(recipe recipe.Recipe, tagString, mainAppVersion string) error {
+	var err error
+
+	directory := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipe.Name)
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpen(directory)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	tag, err := tagcmp.Parse(tagString)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if tag.MissingMinor {
+		tag.Minor = "0"
+		tag.MissingMinor = false
+	}
+
+	if tag.MissingPatch {
+		tag.Patch = "0"
+		tag.MissingPatch = false
+	}
+
+	if tagString == "" {
+		tagString = fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s", tag.String(), mainAppVersion)
+	}
+
+	if err := commitRelease(recipe, tagString); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := tagRelease(tagString, repo); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if err := pushRelease(recipe, tagString); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// btoi converts a boolean value into an integer
+func btoi(b bool) int {
+	if b {
+		return 1
+	}
+
+	return 0
+}
+
+// getTagCreateOptions constructs git tag create options
+func getTagCreateOptions(tag string) (git.CreateTagOptions, error) {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("chore: publish %s release", tag)
+	return git.CreateTagOptions{Message: msg}, nil
+}
+
+func commitRelease(recipe recipe.Recipe, tag string) error {
+	if internal.Dry {
+		logrus.Debugf("dry run: no changes committed")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	isClean, err := gitPkg.IsClean(recipe.Dir())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if isClean {
+		if !internal.Dry {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no changes discovered in %s, nothing to publish?", recipe.Dir())
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("chore: publish %s release", tag)
+	repoPath := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipe.Name)
+	if err := gitPkg.Commit(repoPath, ".", msg, internal.Dry); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func tagRelease(tagString string, repo *git.Repository) error {
+	if internal.Dry {
+		logrus.Debugf("dry run: no git tag created (%s)", tagString)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	head, err := repo.Head()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	createTagOptions, err := getTagCreateOptions(tagString)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_, err = repo.CreateTag(tagString, head.Hash(), &createTagOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	hash := formatter.SmallSHA(head.Hash().String())
+	logrus.Debugf(fmt.Sprintf("created tag %s at %s", tagString, hash))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func pushRelease(recipe recipe.Recipe, tagString string) error {
+	if internal.Dry {
+		logrus.Info("dry run: no changes published")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if !internal.Publish && !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+			Message: "publish new release?",
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.Publish); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if internal.Publish {
+		if err := recipe.Push(internal.Dry); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/src/tag/%s", config.REPOS_BASE_URL, recipe.Name, tagString)
+		logrus.Infof("new release published: %s", url)
+	} else {
+		logrus.Info("no -p/--publish passed, not publishing")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func createReleaseFromPreviousTag(tagString, mainAppVersion string, recipe recipe.Recipe, tags []string) error {
+	directory := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipe.Name)
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpen(directory)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	bumpType := btoi(internal.Major)*4 + btoi(internal.Minor)*2 + btoi(internal.Patch)
+	if bumpType != 0 {
+		if (bumpType & (bumpType - 1)) != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("you can only use one of: --major, --minor, --patch")
+		}
+	}
+
+	var lastGitTag tagcmp.Tag
+	for _, tag := range tags {
+		parsed, err := tagcmp.Parse(tag)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if (lastGitTag == tagcmp.Tag{}) {
+			lastGitTag = parsed
+		} else if parsed.IsGreaterThan(lastGitTag) {
+			lastGitTag = parsed
+		}
+	}
+
+	newTag := lastGitTag
+	if internal.Patch {
+		now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Patch)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		newTag.Patch = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+	} else if internal.Minor {
+		now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Minor)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		newTag.Patch = "0"
+		newTag.Minor = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+	} else if internal.Major {
+		now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Major)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		newTag.Patch = "0"
+		newTag.Minor = "0"
+		newTag.Major = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+	}
+
+	if tagString == "" {
+		if err := internal.PromptBumpType(tagString, lastGitTag.String()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if internal.Major || internal.Minor || internal.Patch {
+		newTag.Metadata = mainAppVersion
+		tagString = newTag.String()
+	}
+
+	if lastGitTag.String() == tagString {
+		logrus.Fatalf("latest git tag (%s) and synced label (%s) are the same?", lastGitTag, tagString)
+	}
+
+	if !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+			Message: fmt.Sprintf("current: %s, new: %s, correct?", lastGitTag, tagString),
+		}
+
+		var ok bool
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &ok); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !ok {
+			logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := commitRelease(recipe, tagString); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatalf("failed to commit changes: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := tagRelease(tagString, repo); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatalf("failed to tag release: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	if err := pushRelease(recipe, tagString); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatalf("failed to publish new release: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// cleanUpTag removes a freshly created tag
+func cleanUpTag(tag, recipeName string) error {
+	directory := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName)
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpen(directory)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := repo.DeleteTag(tag); err != nil {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("removed freshly created tag %s", tag)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getLabelVersion(recipe recipe.Recipe, prompt bool) (string, error) {
+	initTag, err := recipePkg.GetVersionLabelLocal(recipe)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if initTag == "" {
+		logrus.Fatalf("unable to read version for %s from synced label. Did you try running \"abra recipe sync %s\" already?", recipe.Name, recipe.Name)
+	}
+
+	logrus.Warnf("discovered %s as currently synced recipe label", initTag)
+
+	if prompt && !internal.NoInput {
+		var response bool
+		prompt := &survey.Confirm{Message: fmt.Sprintf("use %s as the new version?", initTag)}
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		if !response {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("please fix your synced label for %s and re-run this command", recipe.Name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return initTag, nil
+}

cli/recipe/sync.go

@@ -2,61 +2,202 @@ package recipe
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeSyncCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "sync",
-	Usage:   "Generate new recipe labels",
-	Aliases: []string{"s"},
+var recipeSyncCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "sync",
+	Aliases:   []string{"s"},
+	Usage:     "Sync recipe version label",
+	ArgsUsage: "<recipe> [<version>]",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.DryFlag,
+		internal.MajorFlag,
+		internal.MinorFlag,
+		internal.PatchFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Description: `
-This command will generate labels for each service which correspond to the
-following format:
+Generate labels for the main recipe service (i.e. by convention, the service
+named "app") which corresponds to the following format:
 
-    coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.${SERVICE_NAME}.version=${IMAGE_TAG}-${IMAGE_DIGEST}
+    coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.version=<version>
 
-The <recipe> configuration will be updated on the local file system. These
-labels are consumed by abra in other command invocations and used to determine
-the versioning metadata of up-and-running containers are.
+Where <version> can be specifed on the command-line or Abra can attempt to
+auto-generate it for you. The <recipe> configuration will be updated on the
+local file system.
 `,
-	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipeWithPrompt(c, conf)
 
-		hasAppService := false
-		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
-			if service.Name == "app" {
-				hasAppService = true
+		mainApp, err := internal.GetMainAppImage(recipe)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		imagesTmp, err := getImageVersions(recipe)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		mainAppVersion := imagesTmp[mainApp]
+
+		tags, err := recipe.Tags()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		nextTag := c.Args().Get(1)
+		if len(tags) == 0 && nextTag == "" {
+			logrus.Warnf("no git tags found for %s", recipe.Name)
+			fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+The following options are two types of initial semantic version that you can
+pick for %s that will be published in the recipe catalogue. This follows the
+semver convention (more on https://semver.org), here is a short cheatsheet
+
+    0.1.0: development release, still hacking. when you make a major upgrade
+           you increment the "y" part (i.e. 0.1.0 -> 0.2.0) and only move to
+           using the "x" part when things are stable.
+
+    1.0.0: public release, assumed to be working. you already have a stable
+           and reliable deployment of this app and feel relatively confident
+           about it.
+
+If you want people to be able alpha test your current config for %s but don't
+think it is quite reliable, go with 0.1.0 and people will know that things are
+likely to change.
+
+`, recipe.Name, recipe.Name))
+			var chosenVersion string
+			edPrompt := &survey.Select{
+				Message: "which version do you want to begin with?",
+				Options: []string{"0.1.0", "1.0.0"},
+			}
+
+			if err := survey.AskOne(edPrompt, &chosenVersion); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			nextTag = fmt.Sprintf("%s+%s", chosenVersion, mainAppVersion)
+		}
+
+		if nextTag == "" && (!internal.Major && !internal.Minor && !internal.Patch) {
+			latestRelease := tags[len(tags)-1]
+			if err := internal.PromptBumpType("", latestRelease); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 		}
 
-		if !hasAppService {
-			logrus.Fatal(fmt.Sprintf("No 'app' service defined in '%s', cannot proceed", recipe.Name))
-		}
-
-		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
-			img, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
+		if nextTag == "" {
+			recipeDir := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipe.Name)
+			repo, err := git.PlainOpen(recipeDir)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			digest, err := client.GetTagDigest(img)
+			var lastGitTag tagcmp.Tag
+			iter, err := repo.Tags()
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			tag := img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
-			label := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.%s.version=%s-%s", service.Name, tag, digest)
-			if err := recipe.UpdateLabel(service.Name, label); err != nil {
+			if err := iter.ForEach(func(ref *plumbing.Reference) error {
+				obj, err := repo.TagObject(ref.Hash())
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal("Tag at commit ", ref.Hash(), " is unannotated or otherwise broken. Please fix it.")
+					return err
+				}
+
+				tagcmpTag, err := tagcmp.Parse(obj.Name)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				if (lastGitTag == tagcmp.Tag{}) {
+					lastGitTag = tagcmpTag
+				} else if tagcmpTag.IsGreaterThan(lastGitTag) {
+					lastGitTag = tagcmpTag
+				}
+
+				return nil
+			}); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
+
+			// bumpType is used to decide what part of the tag should be incremented
+			bumpType := btoi(internal.Major)*4 + btoi(internal.Minor)*2 + btoi(internal.Patch)
+			if bumpType != 0 {
+				// a bitwise check if the number is a power of 2
+				if (bumpType & (bumpType - 1)) != 0 {
+					logrus.Fatal("you can only use one version flag: --major, --minor or --patch")
+				}
+			}
+
+			newTag := lastGitTag
+			if bumpType > 0 {
+				if internal.Patch {
+					now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Patch)
+					if err != nil {
+						logrus.Fatal(err)
+					}
+
+					newTag.Patch = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+				} else if internal.Minor {
+					now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Minor)
+					if err != nil {
+						logrus.Fatal(err)
+					}
+
+					newTag.Patch = "0"
+					newTag.Minor = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+				} else if internal.Major {
+					now, err := strconv.Atoi(newTag.Major)
+					if err != nil {
+						logrus.Fatal(err)
+					}
+
+					newTag.Patch = "0"
+					newTag.Minor = "0"
+					newTag.Major = strconv.Itoa(now + 1)
+				}
+			}
+
+			newTag.Metadata = mainAppVersion
+			logrus.Debugf("choosing %s as new version for %s", newTag.String(), recipe.Name)
+			nextTag = newTag.String()
+		}
+
+		if _, err := tagcmp.Parse(nextTag); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatalf("invalid version %s specified", nextTag)
+		}
+
+		mainService := "app"
+		label := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.version=%s", nextTag)
+		if !internal.Dry {
+			if err := recipe.UpdateLabel("compose.y*ml", mainService, label); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			logrus.Infof("dry run: not syncing label %s for recipe %s", nextTag, recipe.Name)
 		}
 
 		return nil
 	},
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
 }

cli/recipe/upgrade.go

@@ -1,77 +1,172 @@
 package recipe
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	recipePkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
 	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeUpgradeCommand = &cli.Command{
+type imgPin struct {
+	image   string
+	version tagcmp.Tag
+}
+
+// anUpgrade represents a single service upgrade (as within a recipe), and the list of tags that it can be upgraded to,
+// for serialization purposes.
+type anUpgrade struct {
+	Service     string   `json:"service"`
+	Image       string   `json:"image"`
+	Tag         string   `json:"tag"`
+	UpgradeTags []string `json:"upgrades"`
+}
+
+var recipeUpgradeCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:    "upgrade",
-	Usage:   "Upgrade recipe image tags",
 	Aliases: []string{"u"},
+	Usage:   "Upgrade recipe image tags",
 	Description: `
-This command reads and attempts to parse all image tags within the given
-<recipe> configuration and prompt with more recent tags to upgrade to. It will
-update the relevant compose file tags on the local file system.
+Parse all image tags within the given <recipe> configuration and prompt with
+more recent tags to upgrade to. It will update the relevant compose file tags
+on the local file system.
 
 Some image tags cannot be parsed because they do not follow some sort of
 semver-like convention. In this case, all possible tags will be listed and it
 is up to the end-user to decide.
 
-This is step 1 of upgrading a recipe. Step 2 is running "abra recipe sync
-<recipe>".
-`,
-	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
+The command is interactive and will show a select input which allows you to
+make a seclection. Use the "?" key to see more help on navigating this
+interface.
 
-		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
-			catlVersions, err := catalogue.VersionsOfService(recipe.Name, service.Name)
+You may invoke this command in "wizard" mode and be prompted for input:
+
+    abra recipe upgrade
+`,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
+	ArgsUsage:    "<recipe>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.PatchFlag,
+		internal.MinorFlag,
+		internal.MajorFlag,
+		internal.MachineReadableFlag,
+		internal.AllTagsFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipeWithPrompt(c, conf)
+
+		if err := recipePkg.EnsureUpToDate(recipe.Name, conf); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		bumpType := btoi(internal.Major)*4 + btoi(internal.Minor)*2 + btoi(internal.Patch)
+		if bumpType != 0 {
+			// a bitwise check if the number is a power of 2
+			if (bumpType & (bumpType - 1)) != 0 {
+				logrus.Fatal("you can only use one of: --major, --minor, --patch.")
+			}
+		}
+
+		if internal.MachineReadable {
+			// -m implies -n in this case
+			internal.NoInput = true
+		}
+
+		upgradeList := make(map[string]anUpgrade)
+
+		// check for versions file and load pinned versions
+		versionsPresent := false
+		recipeDir := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipe.Name)
+		versionsPath := path.Join(recipeDir, "versions")
+		var servicePins = make(map[string]imgPin)
+		if _, err := os.Stat(versionsPath); err == nil {
+			logrus.Debugf("found versions file for %s", recipe.Name)
+			file, err := os.Open(versionsPath)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
+			scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
+			for scanner.Scan() {
+				line := scanner.Text()
+				splitLine := strings.Split(line, " ")
+				if splitLine[0] != "pin" || len(splitLine) != 3 {
+					logrus.Fatalf("malformed version pin specification: %s", line)
+				}
+				pinSlice := strings.Split(splitLine[2], ":")
+				pinTag, err := tagcmp.Parse(pinSlice[1])
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				pin := imgPin{
+					image:   pinSlice[0],
+					version: pinTag,
+				}
+				servicePins[splitLine[1]] = pin
+			}
+			if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+				logrus.Error(err)
+			}
+			versionsPresent = true
+		} else {
+			logrus.Debugf("did not find versions file for %s", recipe.Name)
+		}
 
+		for _, service := range recipe.Config.Services {
 			img, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			image := reference.Path(img)
-			regVersions, err := client.GetRegistryTags(image)
+			regVersions, err := client.GetRegistryTags(img)
 			if err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
 
-			if strings.Contains(image, "library") {
-				// ParseNormalizedNamed prepends 'library' to images like nginx:<tag>,
-				// postgres:<tag>, i.e. images which do not have a username in the
-				// first position of the string
-				image = strings.Split(image, "/")[1]
-			}
+			image := reference.Path(img)
+			logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s from remote registry for %s", regVersions, image)
+			image = formatter.StripTagMeta(image)
 
-			semverLikeTag := true
-			if !tagcmp.IsParsable(img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()) {
-				semverLikeTag = false
+			switch img.(type) {
+			case reference.NamedTagged:
+				if !tagcmp.IsParsable(img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()) {
+					logrus.Debugf("%s not considered semver-like", img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag())
+				}
+			default:
+				logrus.Warnf("unable to read tag for image %s, is it missing? skipping upgrade for %s", image, service.Name)
+				continue
 			}
 
 			tag, err := tagcmp.Parse(img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag())
-			if err != nil && semverLikeTag {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Warnf("unable to parse %s, error was: %s, skipping upgrade for %s", image, err.Error(), service.Name)
+				continue
 			}
 
+			logrus.Debugf("parsed %s for %s", tag, service.Name)
+
 			var compatible []tagcmp.Tag
 			for _, regVersion := range regVersions {
-				other, err := tagcmp.Parse(regVersion.Name)
+				other, err := tagcmp.Parse(regVersion)
 				if err != nil {
 					continue // skip tags that cannot be parsed
 				}
@@ -81,14 +176,21 @@ This is step 1 of upgrading a recipe. Step 2 is running "abra recipe sync
 				}
 			}
 
+			logrus.Debugf("detected potential upgradable tags %s for %s", compatible, service.Name)
+
 			sort.Sort(tagcmp.ByTagDesc(compatible))
 
-			if len(compatible) == 0 && semverLikeTag {
-				logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("No new versions available for '%s', '%s' is the latest", image, tag))
+			if len(compatible) == 0 && !internal.AllTags {
+				logrus.Info(fmt.Sprintf("no new versions available for %s, assuming %s is the latest (use -a/--all-tags to see all anyway)", image, tag))
 				continue // skip on to the next tag and don't update any compose files
 			}
 
-			var compatibleStrings []string
+			catlVersions, err := recipePkg.VersionsOfService(recipe.Name, service.Name, conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			compatibleStrings := []string{"skip"}
 			for _, compat := range compatible {
 				skip := false
 				for _, catlVersion := range catlVersions {
@@ -101,31 +203,130 @@ This is step 1 of upgrading a recipe. Step 2 is running "abra recipe sync
 				}
 			}
 
-			msg := fmt.Sprintf("Which tag would you like to upgrade to? (service: %s, tag: %s)", service.Name, tag)
-			if !tagcmp.IsParsable(img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()) {
-				tag := img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
-				logrus.Warning(fmt.Sprintf("Unable to determine versioning semantics of '%s', listing all tags...", tag))
-				msg = fmt.Sprintf("Which tag would you like to upgrade to? (service: %s, tag: %s)", service.Name, tag)
-				compatibleStrings = []string{}
-				for _, regVersion := range regVersions {
-					compatibleStrings = append(compatibleStrings, regVersion.Name)
-				}
-			}
+			logrus.Debugf("detected compatible upgradable tags %s for %s", compatibleStrings, service.Name)
 
 			var upgradeTag string
-			prompt := &survey.Select{
-				Message: msg,
-				Options: compatibleStrings,
-			}
-			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &upgradeTag); err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
-			}
+			_, ok := servicePins[service.Name]
+			if versionsPresent && ok {
+				pinnedTag := servicePins[service.Name].version
+				if tag.IsLessThan(pinnedTag) {
+					pinnedTagString := pinnedTag.String()
+					contains := false
+					for _, v := range compatible {
+						if pinnedTag.IsUpgradeCompatible(v) {
+							contains = true
+							upgradeTag = v.String()
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if contains {
+						logrus.Infof("upgrading service %s from %s to %s (pinned tag: %s)", service.Name, tag.String(), upgradeTag, pinnedTagString)
+					} else {
+						logrus.Infof("service %s, image %s pinned to %s, no compatible upgrade found", service.Name, servicePins[service.Name].image, pinnedTagString)
+						continue
+					}
+				} else {
+					logrus.Fatalf("service %s is at version %s, but pinned to %s, please correct your compose.yml file manually!", service.Name, tag.String(), pinnedTag.String())
+					continue
+				}
+			} else {
+				if bumpType != 0 {
+					for _, upTag := range compatible {
+						upElement, err := tag.UpgradeDelta(upTag)
+						if err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+						delta := upElement.UpgradeType()
+						if delta <= bumpType {
+							upgradeTag = upTag.String()
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					if upgradeTag == "" {
+						logrus.Warnf("not upgrading from %s to %s for %s, because the upgrade type is more serious than what user wants", tag.String(), compatible[0].String(), image)
+						continue
+					}
+				} else {
+					msg := fmt.Sprintf("upgrade to which tag? (service: %s, image: %s, tag: %s)", service.Name, image, tag)
+					if !tagcmp.IsParsable(img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()) || internal.AllTags {
+						tag := img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
+						if !internal.AllTags {
+							logrus.Warning(fmt.Sprintf("unable to determine versioning semantics of %s, listing all tags", tag))
+						}
+						msg = fmt.Sprintf("upgrade to which tag? (service: %s, tag: %s)", service.Name, tag)
+						compatibleStrings = []string{"skip"}
+						for _, regVersion := range regVersions {
+							compatibleStrings = append(compatibleStrings, regVersion)
+						}
+					}
 
-			if err := recipe.UpdateTag(image, upgradeTag); err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
+					// there is always at least the item "skip" in compatibleStrings (a list of
+					// possible upgradable tags) and at least one other tag.
+					upgradableTags := compatibleStrings[1:]
+					upgrade := anUpgrade{
+						Service:     service.Name,
+						Image:       image,
+						Tag:         tag.String(),
+						UpgradeTags: make([]string, len(upgradableTags)),
+					}
+
+					for n, s := range upgradableTags {
+						var sb strings.Builder
+						if _, err := sb.WriteString(s); err != nil {
+						}
+						upgrade.UpgradeTags[n] = sb.String()
+					}
+
+					upgradeList[upgrade.Service] = upgrade
+
+					if internal.NoInput {
+						upgradeTag = "skip"
+					} else {
+						prompt := &survey.Select{
+							Message: msg,
+							Help:    "enter / return to confirm, choose 'skip' to not upgrade this tag, vim mode is enabled",
+							VimMode: true,
+							Options: compatibleStrings,
+						}
+						if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &upgradeTag); err != nil {
+							logrus.Fatal(err)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if upgradeTag != "skip" {
+				ok, err := recipe.UpdateTag(image, upgradeTag)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if ok {
+					logrus.Infof("tag upgraded from %s to %s for %s", tag.String(), upgradeTag, image)
+				}
+			} else {
+				if !internal.NoInput {
+					logrus.Warnf("not upgrading %s, skipping as requested", image)
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		if internal.NoInput {
+			if internal.MachineReadable {
+				jsonstring, err := json.Marshal(upgradeList)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+
+				fmt.Println(string(jsonstring))
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			for _, upgrade := range upgradeList {
+				logrus.Infof("can upgrade service: %s, image: %s, tag: %s ::\n", upgrade.Service, upgrade.Image, upgrade.Tag)
+				for _, utag := range upgrade.UpgradeTags {
+					logrus.Infof("    %s\n", utag)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/recipe/version.go

@@ -1,44 +1,58 @@
 package recipe
 
 import (
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/catalogue"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	recipePkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var recipeVersionCommand = &cli.Command{
+var recipeVersionCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:      "versions",
-	Usage:     "List recipe versions",
 	Aliases:   []string{"v"},
+	Usage:     "List recipe versions",
 	ArgsUsage: "<recipe>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.RecipeNameComplete,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c)
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+		recipe := internal.ValidateRecipe(c, conf)
 
-		catalogue, err := catalogue.ReadRecipeCatalogue()
+		catalogue, err := recipePkg.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
 		recipeMeta, ok := catalogue[recipe.Name]
 		if !ok {
-			logrus.Fatalf("'%s' recipe doesn't exist?", recipe.Name)
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s recipe doesn't exist?", recipe.Name)
 		}
 
-		tableCol := []string{"Version", "Service", "Image", "Digest"}
+		tableCol := []string{"Version", "Service", "Image", "Tag"}
 		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
 
-		for _, serviceVersion := range recipeMeta.Versions {
-			for tag, meta := range serviceVersion {
+		for i := len(recipeMeta.Versions) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+			for tag, meta := range recipeMeta.Versions[i] {
 				for service, serviceMeta := range meta {
-					table.Append([]string{tag, service, serviceMeta.Image, serviceMeta.Digest})
+					table.Append([]string{tag, service, serviceMeta.Image, serviceMeta.Tag})
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		table.SetAutoMergeCells(true)
-		table.Render()
+
+		if table.NumLines() > 0 {
+			table.Render()
+		} else {
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s has no published versions?", recipe.Name)
+		}
 
 		return nil
 	},

cli/record/list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package record
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	gandiPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns/gandi"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/libdns/gandi"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// RecordListCommand lists domains.
+var RecordListCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "list",
+	Usage:     "List domain name records",
+	Aliases:   []string{"ls"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<zone>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.DNSProviderFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+List all domain name records managed by a 3rd party provider for a specific
+zone.
+
+You must specify a zone (e.g. example.com) under which your domain name records
+are listed. This zone must already be created on your provider account.
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSProvider(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		zone, err := internal.EnsureZoneArgument(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var provider gandi.Provider
+		switch internal.DNSProvider {
+		case "gandi":
+			provider, err = gandiPkg.New()
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		default:
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not a supported DNS provider", internal.DNSProvider)
+		}
+
+		records, err := provider.GetRecords(context.Background(), zone)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		tableCol := []string{"type", "name", "value", "TTL", "priority"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+		for _, record := range records {
+			value := record.Value
+			if len(record.Value) > 30 {
+				value = fmt.Sprintf("%s...", record.Value[:30])
+			}
+
+			table.Append([]string{
+				record.Type,
+				record.Name,
+				value,
+				record.TTL.String(),
+				strconv.Itoa(record.Priority),
+			})
+		}
+
+		table.Render()
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/record/new.go

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+package record
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns"
+	gandiPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns/gandi"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/libdns/gandi"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// RecordNewCommand creates a new domain name record.
+var RecordNewCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "new",
+	Usage:     "Create a new domain record",
+	Aliases:   []string{"n"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<zone>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.DNSProviderFlag,
+		internal.DNSTypeFlag,
+		internal.DNSNameFlag,
+		internal.DNSValueFlag,
+		internal.DNSTTLFlag,
+		internal.DNSPriorityFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Create a new domain name record for a specific zone.
+
+You must specify a zone (e.g. example.com) under which your domain name records
+are listed. This zone must already be created on your provider account.
+
+Example:
+
+    abra record new foo.com -p gandi -t A -n myapp -v 192.168.178.44
+
+You may also invoke this command in "wizard" mode and be prompted for input:
+
+    abra record new
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		zone, err := internal.EnsureZoneArgument(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSProvider(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var provider gandi.Provider
+		switch internal.DNSProvider {
+		case "gandi":
+			provider, err = gandiPkg.New()
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		default:
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not a supported DNS provider", internal.DNSProvider)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSTypeFlag(c); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSNameFlag(c); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSValueFlag(c); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		ttl, err := dns.GetTTL(internal.DNSTTL)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		record := libdns.Record{
+			Type:  internal.DNSType,
+			Name:  internal.DNSName,
+			Value: internal.DNSValue,
+			TTL:   ttl,
+		}
+
+		if internal.DNSType == "MX" || internal.DNSType == "SRV" || internal.DNSType == "URI" {
+			record.Priority = internal.DNSPriority
+		}
+
+		records, err := provider.GetRecords(context.Background(), zone)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		for _, existingRecord := range records {
+			if existingRecord.Type == record.Type &&
+				existingRecord.Name == record.Name &&
+				existingRecord.Value == record.Value {
+				logrus.Fatalf("%s record for %s already exists?", record.Type, zone)
+			}
+		}
+
+		createdRecords, err := provider.SetRecords(
+			context.Background(),
+			zone,
+			[]libdns.Record{record},
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if len(createdRecords) == 0 {
+			logrus.Fatal("provider library reports that no record was created?")
+		}
+
+		createdRecord := createdRecords[0]
+
+		tableCol := []string{"type", "name", "value", "TTL", "priority"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+		value := createdRecord.Value
+		if len(createdRecord.Value) > 30 {
+			value = fmt.Sprintf("%s...", createdRecord.Value[:30])
+		}
+
+		table.Append([]string{
+			createdRecord.Type,
+			createdRecord.Name,
+			value,
+			createdRecord.TTL.String(),
+			strconv.Itoa(createdRecord.Priority),
+		})
+
+		table.Render()
+
+		logrus.Info("record created")
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/record/record.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package record
+
+import (
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// RecordCommand supports managing DNS entries.
+var RecordCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "record",
+	Usage:     "Manage domain name records",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rc"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<record>",
+	Description: `
+Manage domain name records via 3rd party providers such as Gandi DNS. It
+supports listing, creating and removing all types of records that you might
+need for managing Co-op Cloud apps.
+
+The following providers are supported:
+
+    Gandi DNS https://www.gandi.net
+
+You need an account with such a provider already. Typically, you need to
+provide an API token on the Abra command-line when using these commands so that
+you can authenticate with your provider account.
+
+New providers can be integrated, we welcome change sets. See the underlying DNS
+library documentation for more. It supports many existing providers and allows
+to implement new provider support easily.
+
+    https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/libdns/libdns
+`,
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
+		RecordListCommand,
+		RecordNewCommand,
+		RecordRemoveCommand,
+	},
+}

cli/record/remove.go

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+package record
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	gandiPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns/gandi"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/libdns/gandi"
+	"github.com/libdns/libdns"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// RecordRemoveCommand lists domains.
+var RecordRemoveCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "remove",
+	Usage:     "Remove a domain name record",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rm"},
+	ArgsUsage: "<zone>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.DNSProviderFlag,
+		internal.DNSTypeFlag,
+		internal.DNSNameFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Remove a domain name record for a specific zone.
+
+It uses the type of record and name to match existing records and choose one
+for deletion. You must specify a zone (e.g. example.com) under which your
+domain name records are listed. This zone must already be created on your
+provider account.
+
+Example:
+
+    abra record remove foo.com -p gandi -t A -n myapp
+
+You may also invoke this command in "wizard" mode and be prompted for input:
+
+    abra record rm
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		zone, err := internal.EnsureZoneArgument(c)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSProvider(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var provider gandi.Provider
+		switch internal.DNSProvider {
+		case "gandi":
+			provider, err = gandiPkg.New()
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		default:
+			logrus.Fatalf("%s is not a supported DNS provider", internal.DNSProvider)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSTypeFlag(c); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := internal.EnsureDNSNameFlag(c); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		records, err := provider.GetRecords(context.Background(), zone)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		var toDelete libdns.Record
+		for _, record := range records {
+			if record.Type == internal.DNSType && record.Name == internal.DNSName {
+				toDelete = record
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (libdns.Record{}) == toDelete {
+			logrus.Fatal("provider library reports no matching record?")
+		}
+
+		tableCol := []string{"type", "name", "value", "TTL", "priority"}
+		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableCol)
+
+		value := toDelete.Value
+		if len(toDelete.Value) > 30 {
+			value = fmt.Sprintf("%s...", toDelete.Value[:30])
+		}
+
+		table.Append([]string{
+			toDelete.Type,
+			toDelete.Name,
+			value,
+			toDelete.TTL.String(),
+			strconv.Itoa(toDelete.Priority),
+		})
+
+		table.Render()
+
+		if !internal.NoInput {
+			response := false
+			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: "continue with record deletion?",
+			}
+
+			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if !response {
+				logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+			}
+		}
+
+		_, err = provider.DeleteRecords(context.Background(), zone, []libdns.Record{toDelete})
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Info("record successfully deleted")
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/server/add.go

@@ -1,29 +1,182 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"fmt"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	contextPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/context"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/server"
+	sshPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/ssh"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var serverAddCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "add",
-	Usage:       "Add a new server, reachable on <server>.",
-	Aliases:     []string{"a"},
-	ArgsUsage:   "<server> [<user>] [<port>]",
-	Description: "[<user>], [<port>]    SSH connection details",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		argLen := c.Args().Len()
-		args := c.Args().Slice()
-		if argLen < 3 {
-			args = append(args, make([]string, 3-argLen)...)
-		}
-		if err := client.CreateContext(args[0], args[1], args[2]); err != nil {
+var local bool
+var localFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "local, l",
+	Usage:       "Use local server",
+	Destination: &local,
+}
+
+func cleanUp(domainName string) {
+	if domainName != "default" {
+		logrus.Infof("cleaning up context for %s", domainName)
+		if err := client.DeleteContext(domainName); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		fmt.Println(args[0])
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("attempting to clean up server directory for %s", domainName)
+
+	serverDir := filepath.Join(config.SERVERS_DIR, domainName)
+	files, err := config.GetAllFilesInDirectory(serverDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatalf("unable to list files in %s: %s", serverDir, err)
+	}
+
+	if len(files) > 0 {
+		logrus.Warnf("aborting clean up of %s because it is not empty", serverDir)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(serverDir); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+
+// newContext creates a new internal Docker context for a server. This is how
+// Docker manages SSH connection details. These are stored to disk in
+// ~/.docker. Abra can manage this completely for the user, so it's an
+// implementation detail.
+func newContext(c *cli.Context, domainName, username, port string) error {
+	store := contextPkg.NewDefaultDockerContextStore()
+	contexts, err := store.Store.List()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, context := range contexts {
+		if context.Name == domainName {
+			logrus.Debugf("context for %s already exists", domainName)
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("creating context with domain %s, username %s and port %s", domainName, username, port)
+
+	if err := client.CreateContext(domainName, username, port); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// createServerDir creates the ~/.abra/servers/... directory for a new server.
+func createServerDir(domainName string) error {
+	if err := server.CreateServerDir(domainName); err != nil {
+		if !os.IsExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		logrus.Debugf("server dir for %s already created", domainName)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var serverAddCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "add",
+	Aliases: []string{"a"},
+	Usage:   "Add a server to your configuration",
+	Description: `
+Add a new server to your configuration so that it can be managed by Abra.
+
+Abra uses the SSH command-line to discover connection details for your server.
+It is advised to configure an entry per-host in your ~/.ssh/config for each
+server. For example:
+
+Host example.com
+  Hostname example.com
+  User exampleUser
+  Port 12345
+  IdentityFile ~/.ssh/example@somewhere
+
+Abra can then load SSH connection details from this configuratiion with:
+
+    abra server add example.com
+
+If "--local" is passed, then Abra assumes that the current local server is
+intended as the target server. This is useful when you want to have your entire
+Co-op Cloud config located on the server itself, and not on your local
+developer machine.
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		localFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:    internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	ArgsUsage: "<domain>",
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		if len(c.Args()) > 0 && local || !internal.ValidateSubCmdFlags(c) {
+			err := errors.New("cannot use <domain> and --local together")
+			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, err)
+		}
+
+		var domainName string
+		if local {
+			domainName = "default"
+		} else {
+			domainName = internal.ValidateDomain(c)
+		}
+
+		if local {
+			if err := createServerDir(domainName); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			logrus.Infof("attempting to create client for %s", domainName)
+			if _, err := client.New(domainName); err != nil {
+				cleanUp(domainName)
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			logrus.Info("local server added")
+
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if _, err := dns.EnsureIPv4(domainName); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := createServerDir(domainName); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		hostConfig, err := sshPkg.GetHostConfig(domainName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if err := newContext(c, domainName, hostConfig.User, hostConfig.Port); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("attempting to create client for %s", domainName)
+		if _, err := client.New(domainName); err != nil {
+			cleanUp(domainName)
+			logrus.Debugf("failed to construct client for %s, saw %s", domainName, err.Error())
+			logrus.Fatal(sshPkg.Fatal(domainName, err))
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("%s added", domainName)
+
 		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/server/init.go

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-package server
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/swarm"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-)
-
-var serverInitCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "init",
-	Usage:     "Initialise server for deploying apps",
-	Aliases:   []string{"i"},
-	HideHelp:  true,
-	ArgsUsage: "<server>",
-	Description: `
-Initialise swarm mode on the target <server>.
-
-This initialisation explicitly chooses the "single host swarm" mode which uses
-the default IPv4 address as the advertising address. This can be re-configured
-later for more advanced use cases.
-`,
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		server := c.Args().First()
-		if server == "" {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no server provided"))
-		}
-
-		cl, err := client.New(server)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		resolver := &net.Resolver{
-			PreferGo: false,
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, network, address string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				d := net.Dialer{
-					Timeout: time.Millisecond * time.Duration(10000),
-				}
-				// comrade librehosters DNS resolver https://snopyta.org/service/dns/
-				return d.DialContext(ctx, "udp", "95.216.24.230:53")
-			},
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		ips, err := resolver.LookupIPAddr(ctx, server)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		if len(ips) == 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("unable to retrieve ipv4 address for %s", server)
-		}
-		ipv4 := ips[0].IP.To4().String()
-
-		initReq := swarm.InitRequest{
-			ListenAddr:    "0.0.0.0:2377",
-			AdvertiseAddr: ipv4,
-		}
-		if _, err := cl.SwarmInit(ctx, initReq); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		netOpts := types.NetworkCreate{Driver: "overlay", Scope: "swarm"}
-		if _, err := cl.NetworkCreate(ctx, "proxy", netOpts); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}

cli/server/list.go

@@ -3,53 +3,94 @@ package server
 import (
 	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/context"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper/ssh"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var serverListCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "list",
-	Aliases:   []string{"ls"},
-	Usage:     "List locally-defined servers.",
-	ArgsUsage: " ",
-	HideHelp:  true,
+var problemsFilter bool
+
+var problemsFilterFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "problems, p",
+	Usage:       "Show only servers with potential connection problems",
+	Destination: &problemsFilter,
+}
+
+var serverListCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "list",
+	Aliases: []string{"ls"},
+	Usage:   "List managed servers",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		problemsFilterFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.MachineReadableFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		dockerContextStore := client.NewDefaultDockerContextStore()
+		dockerContextStore := context.NewDefaultDockerContextStore()
 		contexts, err := dockerContextStore.Store.List()
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		tableColumns := []string{"Name", "Connection"}
+
+		tableColumns := []string{"name", "host", "user", "port"}
 		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
-		defer table.Render()
 
 		serverNames, err := config.ReadServerNames()
 		if err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		for _, serverName := range serverNames {
 
+		for _, serverName := range serverNames {
 			var row []string
 			for _, ctx := range contexts {
-				endpoint, err := client.GetContextEndpoint(ctx)
+				endpoint, err := context.GetContextEndpoint(ctx)
 				if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "does not exist") {
 					// No local context found, we can continue safely
 					continue
 				}
+
 				if ctx.Name == serverName {
-					row = []string{serverName, endpoint}
+					sp, err := ssh.ParseURL(endpoint)
+					if err != nil {
+						logrus.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					row = []string{serverName, sp.Host, sp.User, sp.Port}
 				}
 			}
+
 			if len(row) == 0 {
-				row = []string{serverName, "UNKNOWN"}
+				if serverName == "default" {
+					row = []string{serverName, "local", "n/a", "n/a"}
+				} else {
+					row = []string{serverName, "unknown", "unknown", "unknown"}
+				}
 			}
-			table.Append(row)
 
+			if problemsFilter {
+				if row[1] == "unknown" {
+					table.Append(row)
+				}
+			} else {
+				table.Append(row)
+			}
 		}
-		return nil
 
+		if internal.MachineReadable {
+			table.JSONRender()
+		} else {
+			if problemsFilter && table.NumLines() == 0 {
+				logrus.Info("all servers wired up correctly 👏")
+			} else {
+				table.Render()
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/server/new.go

@@ -1,252 +1,261 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
+	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/formatter"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/libcapsul"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
 	"github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/hcloud"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var hetznerCloudType string
-var hetznerCloudImage string
-var hetznerCloudSSHKeys cli.StringSlice
-var hetznerCloudLocation string
-var hetznerCloudAPIToken string
-var serverNewHetznerCloudCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "hetzner",
-	Usage:     "Create a new Hetzner virtual server",
-	ArgsUsage: "<name>",
+func newHetznerCloudVPS(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if err := internal.EnsureNewHetznerCloudVPSFlags(c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	client := hcloud.NewClient(hcloud.WithToken(internal.HetznerCloudAPIToken))
+
+	var sshKeysRaw []string
+	var sshKeys []*hcloud.SSHKey
+	for _, sshKey := range c.StringSlice("hetzner-ssh-keys") {
+		if sshKey == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		sshKey, _, err := client.SSHKey.GetByName(context.Background(), sshKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		sshKeys = append(sshKeys, sshKey)
+		sshKeysRaw = append(sshKeysRaw, sshKey.Name)
+	}
+
+	serverOpts := hcloud.ServerCreateOpts{
+		Name:       internal.HetznerCloudName,
+		ServerType: &hcloud.ServerType{Name: internal.HetznerCloudType},
+		Image:      &hcloud.Image{Name: internal.HetznerCloudImage},
+		SSHKeys:    sshKeys,
+		Location:   &hcloud.Location{Name: internal.HetznerCloudLocation},
+	}
+
+	sshKeyIDs := strings.Join(sshKeysRaw, "\n")
+	if sshKeyIDs == "" {
+		sshKeyIDs = "N/A (password auth)"
+	}
+
+	tableColumns := []string{"name", "type", "image", "ssh-keys", "location"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
+	table.Append([]string{
+		internal.HetznerCloudName,
+		internal.HetznerCloudType,
+		internal.HetznerCloudImage,
+		sshKeyIDs,
+		internal.HetznerCloudLocation,
+	})
+	table.Render()
+
+	response := false
+	prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+		Message: "continue with hetzner cloud VPS creation?",
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !response {
+		logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+	}
+
+	res, _, err := client.Server.Create(context.Background(), serverOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	var rootPassword string
+	if len(sshKeys) > 0 {
+		rootPassword = "N/A (using SSH keys)"
+	} else {
+		rootPassword = res.RootPassword
+	}
+
+	ip := res.Server.PublicNet.IPv4.IP.String()
+
+	fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+Your new Hetzner Cloud VPS has successfully been created! Here are the details:
+
+    name: %s
+    IP address: %s
+    root password: %s
+
+You can access this new VPS via SSH using the following command:
+
+    ssh root@%s
+
+Please note, this server is not managed by Abra yet (i.e. "abra server ls" will
+not list this server)! You will need to assign a domain name record (manually
+or by using "abra record new") and add the server to your Abra configuration
+("abra server add") to have a working server that you can deploy Co-op Cloud
+apps to.
+
+When setting up domain name records, you probably want to set up the following
+2 A records. This supports deploying apps to your root domain (e.g.
+example.com) and other apps on sub-domains (e.g. foo.example.com,
+bar.example.com).
+
+    @  1800 IN A %s
+    *  1800 IN A %s
+	`,
+		internal.HetznerCloudName, ip, rootPassword,
+		ip, ip, ip,
+	))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newCapsulVPS(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if err := internal.EnsureNewCapsulVPSFlags(c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	capsulCreateURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://%s/api/capsul/create", internal.CapsulInstanceURL)
+
+	var sshKeys []string
+	for _, sshKey := range c.StringSlice("capsul-ssh-keys") {
+		if sshKey == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		sshKeys = append(sshKeys, sshKey)
+	}
+
+	tableColumns := []string{"instance", "name", "type", "image", "ssh-keys"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
+	table.Append([]string{
+		internal.CapsulInstanceURL,
+		internal.CapsulName,
+		internal.CapsulType,
+		internal.CapsulImage,
+		strings.Join(sshKeys, "\n"),
+	})
+	table.Render()
+
+	response := false
+	prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+		Message: "continue with capsul creation?",
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !response {
+		logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+	}
+
+	capsulClient := libcapsul.New(capsulCreateURL, internal.CapsulAPIToken)
+	resp, err := capsulClient.Create(
+		internal.CapsulName,
+		internal.CapsulType,
+		internal.CapsulImage,
+		sshKeys,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+Your new Capsul has successfully been created! Here are the details:
+
+    Capsul name: %s
+    Capsul ID:   %v
+
+You will need to log into your Capsul instance web interface to retrieve the IP
+address. You can learn all about how to get SSH access to your new Capsul on:
+
+    %s/about-ssh
+
+Please note, this server is not managed by Abra yet (i.e. "abra server ls" will
+not list this server)! You will need to assign a domain name record (manually
+or by using "abra record new") and add the server to your Abra configuration
+("abra server add") to have a working server that you can deploy Co-op Cloud
+apps to.
+
+When setting up domain name records, you probably want to set up the following
+2 A records. This supports deploying apps to your root domain (e.g.
+example.com) and other apps on sub-domains (e.g. foo.example.com,
+bar.example.com).
+
+    @  1800 IN A <your-capsul-ip>
+    *  1800 IN A <your-capsul-ip>
+	`, internal.CapsulName, resp.ID, internal.CapsulInstanceURL))
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var serverNewCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "new",
+	Aliases: []string{"n"},
+	Usage:   "Create a new server using a 3rd party provider",
 	Description: `
-Create a new Hetzner virtual server.
+Create a new server via a 3rd party provider.
 
-This command uses the uses the Hetzner Cloud API bindings to send a server
-creation request. You must already have a Hetzner Cloud account and an account
-API token before using this command.
+The following providers are supported:
 
-Your token can be loaded from the environment using the HCLOUD_TOKEN
-environment variable or otherwise passing the "--env/-e" flag.
+		Capsul https://git.cyberia.club/Cyberia/capsul-flask
+    Hetzner Cloud https://docs.hetzner.com/cloud
+
+You may invoke this command in "wizard" mode and be prompted for input:
+
+    abra record new
+
+API tokens are read from the environment if specified, e.g.
+
+    export HCLOUD_TOKEN=...
 `,
 	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "type",
-			Aliases:     []string{"t"},
-			Usage:       "Server type",
-			Destination: &hetznerCloudType,
-			Value:       "cx11",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "image",
-			Aliases:     []string{"i"},
-			Usage:       "Image type",
-			Value:       "debian-10",
-			Destination: &hetznerCloudImage,
-		},
-		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:        "ssh-keys",
-			Aliases:     []string{"s"},
-			Usage:       "SSH keys",
-			Destination: &hetznerCloudSSHKeys,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "location",
-			Aliases:     []string{"l"},
-			Usage:       "Server location",
-			Value:       "hel1",
-			Destination: &hetznerCloudLocation,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "token",
-			Aliases:     []string{"T"},
-			Usage:       "Hetzner Cloud API token",
-			EnvVars:     []string{"HCLOUD_TOKEN"},
-			Destination: &hetznerCloudAPIToken,
-		},
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		internal.ServerProviderFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+
+		// Capsul
+		internal.CapsulInstanceURLFlag,
+		internal.CapsulTypeFlag,
+		internal.CapsulImageFlag,
+		internal.CapsulSSHKeysFlag,
+		internal.CapsulAPITokenFlag,
+
+		// Hetzner
+		internal.HetznerCloudNameFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudTypeFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudImageFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudSSHKeysFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudLocationFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudAPITokenFlag,
 	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
 	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		name := c.Args().First()
-		if name == "" {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no name provided"))
+		if err := internal.EnsureServerProvider(); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
 
-		if hetznerCloudAPIToken == "" {
-			logrus.Fatal("Hetzner Cloud API token is missing, cannot continue")
-		}
-
-		ctx := context.Background()
-		client := hcloud.NewClient(hcloud.WithToken(hetznerCloudAPIToken))
-
-		var sshKeys []*hcloud.SSHKey
-		for _, sshKey := range c.StringSlice("ssh-keys") {
-			sshKey, _, err := client.SSHKey.GetByName(ctx, sshKey)
-			if err != nil {
+		switch internal.ServerProvider {
+		case "capsul":
+			if err := newCapsulVPS(c); err != nil {
 				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			sshKeys = append(sshKeys, sshKey)
-		}
-
-		serverOpts := hcloud.ServerCreateOpts{
-			Name:       name,
-			ServerType: &hcloud.ServerType{Name: hetznerCloudType},
-			Image:      &hcloud.Image{Name: hetznerCloudImage},
-			SSHKeys:    sshKeys,
-			Location:   &hcloud.Location{Name: hetznerCloudLocation},
-		}
-		res, _, err := client.Server.Create(ctx, serverOpts)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		tableColumns := []string{"Name", "IPv4", "Root Password"}
-		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
-		if len(sshKeys) > 0 {
-			table.Append([]string{name, res.Server.PublicNet.IPv4.IP.String(), "N/A (using SSH keys)"})
-		} else {
-			table.Append([]string{name, res.Server.PublicNet.IPv4.IP.String(), res.RootPassword})
-		}
-		table.Render()
-
-		return nil
-	},
-}
-
-var capsulInstance string
-var capsulType string
-var capsulImage string
-var capsulSSHKey string
-var capsulAPIToken string
-var serverNewCapsulCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "capsul",
-	Usage:     "Create a new Capsul virtual server",
-	ArgsUsage: "<name>",
-	Description: `
-Create a new Capsul virtual server.
-
-This command uses the uses the Capsul API bindings of your chosen instance to
-send a server creation request. You must already have an account on your chosen
-Capsul instance before using this command.
-
-Your token can be loaded from the environment using the CAPSUL_TOKEN
-environment variable or otherwise passing the "--env/-e" flag.
-`,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "instance",
-			Aliases:     []string{"I"},
-			Usage:       "Capsul instance",
-			Destination: &capsulInstance,
-			Value:       "yolo.servers.coop",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "type",
-			Aliases:     []string{"t"},
-			Usage:       "Server type",
-			Value:       "f1-xs",
-			Destination: &capsulType,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "image",
-			Aliases:     []string{"i"},
-			Usage:       "Image type",
-			Value:       "debian10",
-			Destination: &capsulImage,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "ssh-key",
-			Aliases:     []string{"s"},
-			Usage:       "SSH key",
-			Value:       "",
-			Destination: &capsulSSHKey,
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:        "token",
-			Aliases:     []string{"T"},
-			Usage:       "Capsul instance API token",
-			EnvVars:     []string{"CAPSUL_TOKEN"},
-			Destination: &capsulAPIToken,
-		},
-	},
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		name := c.Args().First()
-		if name == "" {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no name provided"))
-		}
-
-		if capsulAPIToken == "" {
-			logrus.Fatal("Capsul API token is missing, cannot continue")
-		}
-
-		// yep, the response time is quite slow, something to fix Capsul side
-		client := &http.Client{Timeout: 20 * time.Second}
-
-		capsulCreateURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://%s/api/capsul/create", capsulInstance)
-		values := map[string]string{
-			"name":      name,
-			"size":      capsulType,
-			"os":        capsulImage,
-			"ssh_key_0": capsulSSHKey,
-		}
-
-		payload, err := json.Marshal(values)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", capsulCreateURL, bytes.NewBuffer(payload))
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		req.Header = http.Header{
-			"Content-Type":  []string{"application/json"},
-			"Authorization": []string{capsulAPIToken},
-		}
-
-		res, err := client.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		defer res.Body.Close()
-
-		if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
-			if err != nil {
-				panic(err)
+		case "hetzner-cloud":
+			if err := newHetznerCloudVPS(c); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			logrus.Fatal(string(body))
 		}
 
-		type capsulCreateResponse struct{ ID string }
-		var resp capsulCreateResponse
-		if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&resp); err != nil {
-			logrus.Fatal(err)
-		}
-
-		tableColumns := []string{"Name", "ID"}
-		table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
-		table.Append([]string{name, resp.ID})
-		table.Render()
-
 		return nil
 	},
 }
-
-var serverNewCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "new",
-	Usage:       "Create a new server using a 3rd party provider",
-	Description: "Use a provider plugin to create a new server which can then be used to house a new Co-op Cloud installation.",
-	ArgsUsage:   "<provider>",
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
-		serverNewHetznerCloudCommand,
-		serverNewCapsulCommand,
-	},
-}

cli/server/prune.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+var allFilter bool
+
+var allFilterFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "all, a",
+	Usage:       "Remove all unused images not just dangling ones",
+	Destination: &allFilter,
+}
+
+var volunesFilter bool
+
+var volumesFilterFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "volumes, v",
+	Usage:       "Prune volumes. This will remove app data, Be Careful!",
+	Destination: &volunesFilter,
+}
+
+var serverPruneCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "prune",
+	Aliases: []string{"p"},
+	Usage:   "Prune a managed server; Runs a docker system prune",
+	Description: `
+Prunes unused containers, networks, and dangling images.
+
+If passing "-v/--volumes" then volumes not connected with a deployed app will
+also be removed. This can result in unwanted data loss if not used carefully.
+	`,
+	ArgsUsage: "[<server>]",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		allFilterFlag,
+		volumesFilterFlag,
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.ServerNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		var args filters.Args
+
+		serverName := internal.ValidateServer(c)
+
+		cl, err := client.New(serverName)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		ctx := context.Background()
+		cr, err := cl.ContainersPrune(ctx, args)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		cntSpaceReclaimed := formatter.ByteCountSI(cr.SpaceReclaimed)
+		logrus.Infof("containers pruned: %d; space reclaimed: %s", len(cr.ContainersDeleted), cntSpaceReclaimed)
+
+		nr, err := cl.NetworksPrune(ctx, args)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("networks pruned: %d", len(nr.NetworksDeleted))
+
+		pruneFilters := filters.NewArgs()
+		if allFilter {
+			pruneFilters.Add("dangling", "false")
+		}
+
+		ir, err := cl.ImagesPrune(ctx, pruneFilters)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		imgSpaceReclaimed := formatter.ByteCountSI(ir.SpaceReclaimed)
+		logrus.Infof("images pruned: %d; space reclaimed: %s", len(ir.ImagesDeleted), imgSpaceReclaimed)
+
+		if volunesFilter {
+			vr, err := cl.VolumesPrune(ctx, args)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			volSpaceReclaimed := formatter.ByteCountSI(vr.SpaceReclaimed)
+			logrus.Infof("volumes pruned: %d; space reclaimed: %s", len(vr.VolumesDeleted), volSpaceReclaimed)
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cli/server/remove.go

@@ -1,31 +1,187 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"errors"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/autocomplete"
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go/hcloud"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
-var serverRemoveCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:    "remove",
-	Aliases: []string{"rm"},
-	Usage:   "Remove a server",
-	Description: `
-This does not destroy the actual server. It simply removes it from Abra
-internal bookkeeping so that it is not managed any more.
-`,
-	HideHelp: true,
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		server := c.Args().First()
-		if server == "" {
-			internal.ShowSubcommandHelpAndError(c, errors.New("no server provided"))
+var rmServer bool
+var rmServerFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "server, s",
+	Usage:       "remove the actual server also",
+	Destination: &rmServer,
+}
+
+func rmHetznerCloudVPS(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if internal.HetznerCloudName == "" && !internal.NoInput {
+		prompt := &survey.Input{
+			Message: "specify hetzner cloud VPS name",
 		}
-		if err := client.DeleteContext(server); err != nil {
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.HetznerCloudName); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if internal.HetznerCloudAPIToken == "" && !internal.NoInput {
+		token, ok := os.LookupEnv("HCLOUD_TOKEN")
+		if !ok {
+			prompt := &survey.Input{
+				Message: "specify hetzner cloud API token",
+			}
+			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &internal.HetznerCloudAPIToken); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		} else {
+			internal.HetznerCloudAPIToken = token
+		}
+	}
+
+	client := hcloud.NewClient(hcloud.WithToken(internal.HetznerCloudAPIToken))
+
+	server, _, err := client.Server.Get(context.Background(), internal.HetznerCloudName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if server == nil {
+		logrus.Fatalf("library provider reports that %s doesn't exist?", internal.HetznerCloudName)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(fmt.Sprintf(`
+You have requested that Abra delete the following server (%s). Please be
+absolutely sure that this is indeed the server that you would like to have
+removed. There will be no going back once you confirm, the server will be
+destroyed.
+`, server.Name))
+
+	tableColumns := []string{"name", "type", "image", "location"}
+	table := formatter.CreateTable(tableColumns)
+	table.Append([]string{
+		server.Name,
+		server.ServerType.Name,
+		server.Image.Name,
+		server.Datacenter.Name,
+	})
+	table.Render()
+
+	response := false
+	prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+		Message: "continue with hetzner cloud VPS removal?",
+	}
+
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !response {
+		logrus.Fatal("exiting as requested")
+	}
+
+	_, err = client.Server.Delete(context.Background(), server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("%s has been deleted from your hetzner cloud account", internal.HetznerCloudName)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+var serverRemoveCommand = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "remove",
+	Aliases:   []string{"rm"},
+	ArgsUsage: "[<server>]",
+	Usage:     "Remove a managed server",
+	Description: `
+Remova a server from Abra management.
+
+Depending on whether you used a 3rd party provider to create this server ("abra
+server new"), you can also destroy the virtual server as well. Pass
+"--server/-s" to tell Abra to try to delete this VPS.
+
+Otherwise, Abra will remove the internal bookkeeping (~/.abra/servers/...) and
+underlying client connection context. This server will then be lost in time,
+like tears in rain.
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.NoInputFlag,
+		rmServerFlag,
+		internal.ServerProviderFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+
+		// Hetzner
+		internal.HetznerCloudNameFlag,
+		internal.HetznerCloudAPITokenFlag,
+	},
+	Before:       internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	BashComplete: autocomplete.ServerNameComplete,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		serverName := internal.ValidateServer(c)
+
+		warnMsg := `Did not pass -s/--server for actual server deletion, prompting!
+
+Abra doesn't currently know if it helped you create this server with one of the
+3rd party integrations (e.g. Capsul). You have a choice here to actually,
+really and finally destroy this server using those integrations. If you want to
+do this, choose Yes.
+
+If you just want to remove the server config files & context, choose No.
+`
+
+		if !rmServer {
+			logrus.Warn(fmt.Sprintf(warnMsg))
+
+			response := false
+			prompt := &survey.Confirm{
+				Message: "delete actual live server?",
+			}
+			if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if response {
+				logrus.Info("setting -s/--server and attempting to remove actual server")
+				rmServer = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if rmServer {
+			if err := internal.EnsureServerProvider(); err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			switch internal.ServerProvider {
+			case "capsul":
+				logrus.Warn("capsul provider does not support automatic removal yet, sorry!")
+			case "hetzner-cloud":
+				if err := rmHetznerCloudVPS(c); err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := client.DeleteContext(serverName); err != nil {
 			logrus.Fatal(err)
 		}
+
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(config.SERVERS_DIR, serverName)); err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		logrus.Infof("server at %s has been lost in time, like tears in rain", serverName)
+
 		return nil
 	},
 }

cli/server/server.go

@@ -1,26 +1,27 @@
 package server
 
 import (
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 )
 
 // ServerCommand defines the `abra server` command and its subcommands
-var ServerCommand = &cli.Command{
+var ServerCommand = cli.Command{
 	Name:    "server",
 	Aliases: []string{"s"},
 	Usage:   "Manage servers",
 	Description: `
-Manage the lifecycle of a server.
+Create, manage and remove servers using 3rd party integrations. 
 
-These commands support creating new servers using 3rd party integrations,
-initialising existing servers to support Co-op Cloud deployments and managing
-the connections to those servers.
+Servers can be created from scratch using the "abra server new" command. If you
+already have a server, you can add it to your configuration using "abra server
+add". Abra can provision servers so that they are ready to deploy Co-op Cloud
+recipes, see available flags on "abra server add" for more.
 `,
-	Subcommands: []*cli.Command{
+	Subcommands: []cli.Command{
 		serverNewCommand,
-		serverInitCommand,
 		serverAddCommand,
 		serverListCommand,
 		serverRemoveCommand,
+		serverPruneCommand,
 	},
 }

cli/updater/updater.go

@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+package updater
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/internal"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/lint"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/convert"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	"coopcloud.tech/tagcmp"
+	composetypes "github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	dockerclient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
+
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+const SERVER = "localhost"
+
+var majorUpdate bool
+var majorFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "major, m",
+	Usage:       "Also check for major updates",
+	Destination: &majorUpdate,
+}
+
+var updateAll bool
+var allFlag = &cli.BoolFlag{
+	Name:        "all, a",
+	Usage:       "Update all deployed apps",
+	Destination: &updateAll,
+}
+
+// Notify checks for available upgrades
+var Notify = cli.Command{
+	Name:    "notify",
+	Aliases: []string{"n"},
+	Usage:   "Check for available upgrades",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		majorFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+It reads the deployed app versions and looks for new versions in the recipe
+catalogue. If a new patch/minor version is available, a notification is
+printed. To include major versions use the --major flag.
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+
+		cl, err := client.New("default")
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		stacks, err := stack.GetStacks(cl)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		for _, stackInfo := range stacks {
+			stackName := stackInfo.Name
+			recipeName, err := getLabel(cl, stackName, "recipe")
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			if recipeName != "" {
+				_, err = getLatestUpgrade(cl, stackName, recipeName, conf)
+				if err != nil {
+					logrus.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// UpgradeApp upgrades apps.
+var UpgradeApp = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "upgrade",
+	Aliases:   []string{"u"},
+	Usage:     "Upgrade apps",
+	ArgsUsage: "<stack-name> <recipe>",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		internal.DebugFlag,
+		internal.ChaosFlag,
+		majorFlag,
+		allFlag,
+		internal.OfflineFlag,
+	},
+	Before: internal.SubCommandBefore,
+	Description: `
+Upgrade an app by specifying its stack name and recipe. By passing "--all"
+instead, every deployed app is upgraded. For each apps with enabled auto
+updates the deployed version is compared with the current recipe catalogue
+version. If a new patch/minor version is available, the app is upgraded. To
+include major versions use the "--major" flag. Don't do that, it will probably
+break things. Only apps that are not deployed with "--chaos" are upgraded, to
+update chaos deployments use the "--chaos" flag. Use it with care.
+`,
+	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		conf := runtime.New(runtime.WithOffline(internal.Offline))
+
+		cl, err := client.New("default")
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		if !updateAll {
+			stackName := c.Args().Get(0)
+			recipeName := c.Args().Get(1)
+			err = tryUpgrade(cl, stackName, recipeName, conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		stacks, err := stack.GetStacks(cl)
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		for _, stackInfo := range stacks {
+			stackName := stackInfo.Name
+			recipeName, err := getLabel(cl, stackName, "recipe")
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+
+			err = tryUpgrade(cl, stackName, recipeName, conf)
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+// getLabel reads docker labels from running services in the format of "coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.${LABEL}".
+func getLabel(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string, label string) (string, error) {
+	filter := filters.NewArgs()
+	filter.Add("label", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", convert.LabelNamespace, stackName))
+
+	services, err := cl.ServiceList(context.Background(), types.ServiceListOptions{Filters: filter})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range services {
+		labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.%s", stackName, label)
+		if labelValue, ok := service.Spec.Labels[labelKey]; ok {
+			return labelValue, nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("no %s label found for %s", label, stackName)
+
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+// getBoolLabel reads a boolean docker label from running services
+func getBoolLabel(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string, label string) (bool, error) {
+	lableValue, err := getLabel(cl, stackName, label)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if lableValue != "" {
+		value, err := strconv.ParseBool(lableValue)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		return value, nil
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("Boolean label %s could not be found for %s, set default to false.", label, stackName)
+
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// getEnv reads env variables from docker services.
+func getEnv(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string) (config.AppEnv, error) {
+	envMap := make(map[string]string)
+	filter := filters.NewArgs()
+	filter.Add("label", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", convert.LabelNamespace, stackName))
+
+	services, err := cl.ServiceList(context.Background(), types.ServiceListOptions{Filters: filter})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range services {
+		envList := service.Spec.TaskTemplate.ContainerSpec.Env
+		for _, envString := range envList {
+			splitString := strings.SplitN(envString, "=", 2)
+			if len(splitString) != 2 {
+				logrus.Debugf("can't separate key from value: %s (this variable is probably unset)", envString)
+				continue
+			}
+			k := splitString[0]
+			v := splitString[1]
+			logrus.Debugf("For %s read env %s with value: %s from docker service", stackName, k, v)
+			envMap[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	return envMap, nil
+}
+
+// getLatestUpgrade returns the latest available version for an app respecting
+// the "--major" flag if it is newer than the currently deployed version.
+func getLatestUpgrade(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string,
+	recipeName string, conf *runtime.Config) (string, error) {
+	deployedVersion, err := getDeployedVersion(cl, stackName, recipeName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	availableUpgrades, err := getAvailableUpgrades(cl, stackName, recipeName, deployedVersion, conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if len(availableUpgrades) == 0 {
+		logrus.Debugf("no available upgrades for %s", stackName)
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var chosenUpgrade string
+	if len(availableUpgrades) > 0 {
+		chosenUpgrade = availableUpgrades[len(availableUpgrades)-1]
+		logrus.Infof("%s (%s) can be upgraded from version %s to %s", stackName, recipeName, deployedVersion, chosenUpgrade)
+	}
+
+	return chosenUpgrade, nil
+}
+
+// getDeployedVersion returns the currently deployed version of an app.
+func getDeployedVersion(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string, recipeName string) (string, error) {
+	logrus.Debugf("Retrieve deployed version whether %s is already deployed", stackName)
+
+	isDeployed, deployedVersion, err := stack.IsDeployed(context.Background(), cl, stackName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	if !isDeployed {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s is not deployed?", stackName)
+	}
+
+	if deployedVersion == "unknown" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to determine deployed version of %s", stackName)
+	}
+
+	return deployedVersion, nil
+}
+
+// getAvailableUpgrades returns all available versions of an app that are newer
+// than the deployed version. It only includes major upgrades if the "--major"
+// flag is set.
+func getAvailableUpgrades(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName string, recipeName string,
+	deployedVersion string, conf *runtime.Config) ([]string, error) {
+	catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	versions, err := recipe.GetRecipeCatalogueVersions(recipeName, catl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if len(versions) == 0 {
+		logrus.Warnf("no published releases for %s in the recipe catalogue?", recipeName)
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	var availableUpgrades []string
+	for _, version := range versions {
+		parsedDeployedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(deployedVersion)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		parsedVersion, err := tagcmp.Parse(version)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		versionDelta, err := parsedDeployedVersion.UpgradeDelta(parsedVersion)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		if 0 < versionDelta.UpgradeType() && (versionDelta.UpgradeType() < 4 || majorUpdate) {
+			availableUpgrades = append(availableUpgrades, version)
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("Available updates for %s: %s", stackName, availableUpgrades)
+
+	return availableUpgrades, nil
+}
+
+// processRecipeRepoVersion clones, pulls, checks out the version and lints the
+// recipe repository.
+func processRecipeRepoVersion(recipeName, version string, conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	if err := recipe.EnsureExists(recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := recipe.EnsureUpToDate(recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := recipe.EnsureVersion(recipeName, version); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if r, err := recipe.Get(recipeName, conf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if err := lint.LintForErrors(r); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// mergeAbraShEnv merges abra.sh env vars into the app env vars.
+func mergeAbraShEnv(recipeName string, env config.AppEnv) error {
+	abraShPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, "abra.sh")
+	abraShEnv, err := config.ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraShPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range abraShEnv {
+		logrus.Debugf("read v:%s k: %s", v, k)
+		env[k] = v
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// createDeployConfig merges and enriches the compose config for the deployment.
+func createDeployConfig(recipeName string, stackName string, env config.AppEnv) (*composetypes.Config, stack.Deploy, error) {
+	env["STACK_NAME"] = stackName
+
+	deployOpts := stack.Deploy{
+		Namespace:    stackName,
+		Prune:        false,
+		ResolveImage: stack.ResolveImageAlways,
+	}
+
+	composeFiles, err := config.GetAppComposeFiles(recipeName, env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, deployOpts, err
+	}
+
+	deployOpts.Composefiles = composeFiles
+	compose, err := config.GetAppComposeConfig(stackName, deployOpts, env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, deployOpts, err
+	}
+
+	config.ExposeAllEnv(stackName, compose, env)
+
+	// after the upgrade the deployment won't be in chaos state anymore
+	config.SetChaosLabel(compose, stackName, false)
+	config.SetRecipeLabel(compose, stackName, recipeName)
+	config.SetUpdateLabel(compose, stackName, env)
+
+	return compose, deployOpts, nil
+}
+
+// tryUpgrade performs the upgrade if all the requirements are fulfilled.
+func tryUpgrade(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName, recipeName string, conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	if recipeName == "" {
+		logrus.Debugf("don't update %s due to missing recipe name", stackName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	chaos, err := getBoolLabel(cl, stackName, "chaos")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if chaos && !internal.Chaos {
+		logrus.Debugf("don't update %s due to chaos deployment", stackName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	updatesEnabled, err := getBoolLabel(cl, stackName, "autoupdate")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !updatesEnabled {
+		logrus.Debugf("don't update %s due to disabled auto updates or missing ENABLE_AUTO_UPDATE env", stackName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	upgradeVersion, err := getLatestUpgrade(cl, stackName, recipeName, conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if upgradeVersion == "" {
+		logrus.Debugf("don't update %s due to no new version", stackName)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err = upgrade(cl, stackName, recipeName, upgradeVersion, conf)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+// upgrade performs all necessary steps to upgrade an app.
+func upgrade(cl *dockerclient.Client, stackName, recipeName,
+	upgradeVersion string, conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	env, err := getEnv(cl, stackName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	app := config.App{
+		Name:   stackName,
+		Recipe: recipeName,
+		Server: SERVER,
+		Env:    env,
+	}
+
+	if err = processRecipeRepoVersion(recipeName, upgradeVersion, conf); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = mergeAbraShEnv(recipeName, app.Env); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	compose, deployOpts, err := createDeployConfig(recipeName, stackName, app.Env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Infof("upgrade %s (%s) to version %s", stackName, recipeName, upgradeVersion)
+
+	err = stack.RunDeploy(cl, deployOpts, compose, stackName, true)
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func newAbraApp(version, commit string) *cli.App {
+	app := &cli.App{
+		Name: "kadabra",
+		Usage: `The Co-op Cloud auto-updater
+    ____                           ____ _                 _
+   / ___|___         ___  _ __    / ___| | ___  _   _  __| |
+  | |   / _ \ _____ / _ \| '_ \  | |   | |/ _ \| | | |/ _' |
+  | |__| (_) |_____| (_) | |_) | | |___| | (_) | |_| | (_| |
+   \____\___/       \___/| .__/   \____|_|\___/ \__,_|\__,_|
+                         |_|
+`,
+		Version: fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s", version, commit[:7]),
+		Commands: []cli.Command{
+			Notify,
+			UpgradeApp,
+		},
+	}
+
+	app.Before = func(c *cli.Context) error {
+		logrus.Debugf("kadabra version %s, commit %s", version, commit)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return app
+}
+
+// RunApp runs CLI abra app.
+func RunApp(version, commit string) {
+	app := newAbraApp(version, commit)
+
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}

cli/version.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-package cli
-
-import (
-	"github.com/urfave/cli/v2"
-)
-
-// VersionCommand prints the version of abra.
-var VersionCommand = &cli.Command{
-	Name:  "version",
-	Usage: "Print version",
-	Action: func(c *cli.Context) error {
-		cli.VersionPrinter(c)
-		return nil
-	},
-}

cmd/abra/main.go

@@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ import (
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli"
 )
 
-// Version is the current version of abra.
+// Version is the current version of Abra.
 var Version string
 
-// Commit is the current commit of abra.
+// Commit is the current git commit of Abra.
 var Commit string
 
 func main() {
-	// If not set in the ld-flags
 	if Version == "" {
 		Version = "dev"
 	}

cmd/kadabra/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Package main provides the command-line entrypoint.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/cli/updater"
+)
+
+// Version is the current version of Kadabra.
+var Version string
+
+// Commit is the current git commit of Kadabra.
+var Commit string
+
+func main() {
+	if Version == "" {
+		Version = "dev"
+	}
+	if Commit == "" {
+		Commit = "       "
+	}
+
+	updater.RunApp(Version, Commit)
+}

go.mod

@@ -1,94 +1,52 @@
 module coopcloud.tech/abra
 
-go 1.17
+go 1.16
 
 require (
-	coopcloud.tech/tagcmp v0.0.0-20210906102006-2a8edd82d75d
-	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.1
-	github.com/Autonomic-Cooperative/godotenv v1.3.1
-	github.com/docker/cli v20.10.8+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/docker v20.10.8+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/go-units v0.4.0
-	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.4.2
-	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go v1.32.0
-	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.5.0
-	github.com/moby/term v0.0.0-20210619224110-3f7ff695adc6
+	coopcloud.tech/tagcmp v0.0.0-20211103052201-885b22f77d52
+	github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2 v2.3.7
+	github.com/Autonomic-Cooperative/godotenv v1.3.1-0.20210731094149-b031ea1211e7
+	github.com/Gurpartap/logrus-stack v0.0.0-20170710170904-89c00d8a28f4
+	github.com/docker/cli v24.0.5+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.2+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v24.0.5+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0
+	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.8.0
+	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.7.0
+	github.com/moby/term v0.5.0
 	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/schultz-is/passgen v1.0.1
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.8.1
-	github.com/urfave/cli/v2 v2.3.0
-	gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.3
+	github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3 v3.13.1
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3
+	gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.0
 )
 
 require (
-	github.com/Azure/go-ansiterm v0.0.0-20210617225240-d185dfc1b5a1 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.17 // indirect
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.21 // indirect
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v0.0.0-20210428141323-04723f9f07d7 // indirect
-	github.com/acomagu/bufpipe v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.5.5 // indirect
-	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.0 // indirect
+	coopcloud.tech/libcapsul v0.0.0-20230605070824-878af473f07b
+	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230106234847-43070de90fa1 // indirect
+	github.com/buger/goterm v1.0.4
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.5.9 // indirect
+	github.com/containers/image v3.0.2+incompatible
+	github.com/containers/storage v1.38.2 // indirect
+	github.com/decentral1se/passgen v1.0.1
 	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.4 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go v1.5.1-1.0.20160303222718-d30aec9fd63c // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-metrics v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/facebookgo/stack v0.0.0-20160209184415-751773369052 // indirect
 	github.com/fvbommel/sortorder v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/go-git/gcfg v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.3.1 // indirect
-	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20200121045136-8c9f03a8e57e // indirect
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5 // indirect
 	github.com/google/shlex v0.0.0-20191202100458-e7afc7fbc510 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0 // indirect
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.12 // indirect
-	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/jbenet/go-context v0.0.0-20150711004518-d14ea06fba99 // indirect
-	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51 // indirect
-	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v0.0.0-20201106050909-4977a11b4351 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.8 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.9 // indirect
-	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.2-0.20181231171920-c182affec369 // indirect
-	github.com/mgutz/ansi v0.0.0-20170206155736-9520e82c474b // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/pkcs11 v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/mount v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.4.1 // indirect
-	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.26.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.4
+	github.com/hetznercloud/hcloud-go v1.48.0
+	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6
+	github.com/libdns/gandi v1.0.2
+	github.com/libdns/libdns v0.2.1
+	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.3-0.20211202193544-a5463b7f9c84 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/theupdateframework/notary v0.7.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xanzy/ssh-agent v0.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20180127040702-4e3ac2762d5f // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
-	go.opencensus.io v0.22.3 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20210421170649-83a5a9bb288b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210326060303-6b1517762897 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210630005230-0f9fa26af87c // indirect
-	golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20210503060354-a79de5458b56 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/text v0.3.4 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20201110150050-8816d57aaa9a // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.33.2 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.26.0 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/urfave/cli v1.22.9
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190809123943-df4f5c81cb3b // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.10.0
 )

pkg/app/app.go

@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package app
 
 import (
+	"strings"
+
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // Get retrieves an app
@@ -16,5 +19,24 @@ func Get(appName string) (config.App, error) {
 		return config.App{}, err
 	}
 
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s for %s", app, appName)
+
 	return app, nil
 }
+
+// deployedServiceSpec represents a deployed service of an app.
+type deployedServiceSpec struct {
+	Name    string
+	Version string
+}
+
+// VersionSpec represents a deployed app and associated metadata.
+type VersionSpec map[string]deployedServiceSpec
+
+// ParseServiceName parses a $STACK_NAME_$SERVICE_NAME service label.
+func ParseServiceName(label string) string {
+	idx := strings.LastIndex(label, "_")
+	serviceName := label[idx+1:]
+	logrus.Debugf("parsed %s as service name from %s", serviceName, label)
+	return serviceName
+}

pkg/autocomplete/autocomplete.go

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package autocomplete
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/recipe"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/urfave/cli"
+)
+
+// AppNameComplete copletes app names.
+func AppNameComplete(c *cli.Context) {
+	appNames, err := config.GetAppNames()
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Warn(err)
+	}
+
+	if c.NArg() > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, a := range appNames {
+		fmt.Println(a)
+	}
+}
+
+// RecipeNameComplete completes recipe names.
+func RecipeNameComplete(c *cli.Context) {
+	// defaults since we can't take arguments here... this means auto-completion
+	// of recipe names always access the network if e.g. the catalogue needs
+	// cloning / updating
+	conf := runtime.New()
+
+	catl, err := recipe.ReadRecipeCatalogue(conf)
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Warn(err)
+	}
+
+	if c.NArg() > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for name := range catl {
+		fmt.Println(name)
+	}
+}
+
+// ServerNameComplete completes server names.
+func ServerNameComplete(c *cli.Context) {
+	files, err := config.LoadAppFiles("")
+	if err != nil {
+		logrus.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	if c.NArg() > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	for _, appFile := range files {
+		fmt.Println(appFile.Server)
+	}
+}
+
+// SubcommandComplete completes sub-commands.
+func SubcommandComplete(c *cli.Context) {
+	if c.NArg() > 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	subcmds := []string{
+		"app",
+		"autocomplete",
+		"catalogue",
+		"recipe",
+		"record",
+		"server",
+		"upgrade",
+	}
+
+	for _, cmd := range subcmds {
+		fmt.Println(cmd)
+	}
+}

pkg/catalogue/catalogue.go

@@ -1,214 +1,132 @@
-// Package catalogue provides ways of interacting with recipe catalogues which
-// are JSON data structures which contain meta information about recipes (e.g.
-// what versions of the Nextcloud recipe are available?).
 package catalogue
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
-	"time"
 
 	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/web"
+	gitPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/git"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/runtime"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// RecipeCatalogueURL is the only current recipe catalogue available.
-const RecipeCatalogueURL = "https://apps.coopcloud.tech"
-
-// image represents a recipe container image.
-type image struct {
-	Image  string `json:"image"`
-	Rating string `json:"rating"`
-	Source string `json:"source"`
-	URL    string `json:"url"`
+// CatalogueSkipList is all the repos that are not recipes.
+var CatalogueSkipList = map[string]bool{
+	"abra":                        true,
+	"abra-apps":                   true,
+	"abra-aur":                    true,
+	"abra-bash":                   true,
+	"abra-capsul":                 true,
+	"abra-gandi":                  true,
+	"abra-hetzner":                true,
+	"apps":                        true,
+	"aur-abra-git":                true,
+	"auto-recipes-catalogue-json": true,
+	"auto-mirror":                 true,
+	"backup-bot":                  true,
+	"backup-bot-two":              true,
+	"beta.coopcloud.tech":         true,
+	"comrade-renovate-bot":        true,
+	"coopcloud.tech":              true,
+	"coturn":                      true,
+	"docker-cp-deploy":            true,
+	"docker-dind-bats-kcov":       true,
+	"docs.coopcloud.tech":         true,
+	"drone-abra":                  true,
+	"example":                     true,
+	"gardening":                   true,
+	"go-abra":                     true,
+	"organising":                  true,
+	"pyabra":                      true,
+	"radicle-seed-node":           true,
+	"recipes-catalogue-json":      true,
+	"recipes-wishlist":            true,
+	"recipes.coopcloud.tech":      true,
+	"stack-ssh-deploy":            true,
+	"swarm-cronjob":               true,
+	"tagcmp":                      true,
+	"traefik-cert-dumper":         true,
+	"tyop":                        true,
 }
 
-// features represent what top-level features a recipe supports (e.g. does this
-// recipe support backups?).
-type features struct {
-	Backups     string `json:"backups"`
-	Email       string `json:"email"`
-	Healthcheck string `json:"healthcheck"`
-	Image       image  `json:"image"`
-	Status      int    `json:"status"`
-	Tests       string `json:"tests"`
-}
-
-// tag represents a git tag.
-type tag = string
-
-// service represents a service within a recipe.
-type service = string
-
-// serviceMeta represents meta info associated with a service.
-type serviceMeta struct {
-	Digest string `json:"digest"`
-	Image  string `json:"image"`
-	Tag    string `json:"tag"`
-}
-
-// RecipeMeta represents metadata for a recipe in the abra catalogue.
-type RecipeMeta struct {
-	Category      string                            `json:"category"`
-	DefaultBranch string                            `json:"default_branch"`
-	Description   string                            `json:"description"`
-	Features      features                          `json:"features"`
-	Icon          string                            `json:"icon"`
-	Name          string                            `json:"name"`
-	Repository    string                            `json:"repository"`
-	Versions      []map[tag]map[service]serviceMeta `json:"versions"`
-	Website       string                            `json:"website"`
-}
-
-// LatestVersion returns the latest version of a recipe.
-func (r RecipeMeta) LatestVersion() string {
-	var version string
-
-	// apps.json versions are sorted so the last key is latest
-	latest := r.Versions[len(r.Versions)-1]
-
-	for tag := range latest {
-		version = tag
-	}
-
-	return version
-}
-
-// Name represents a recipe name.
-type Name = string
-
-// RecipeCatalogue represents the entire recipe catalogue.
-type RecipeCatalogue map[Name]RecipeMeta
-
-// Flatten converts AppCatalogue to slice
-func (r RecipeCatalogue) Flatten() []RecipeMeta {
-	recipes := make([]RecipeMeta, 0, len(r))
-	for name := range r {
-		recipes = append(recipes, r[name])
-	}
-	return recipes
-}
-
-// ByRecipeName sorts recipes by name.
-type ByRecipeName []RecipeMeta
-
-func (r ByRecipeName) Len() int      { return len(r) }
-func (r ByRecipeName) Swap(i, j int) { r[i], r[j] = r[j], r[i] }
-func (r ByRecipeName) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return strings.ToLower(r[i].Name) < strings.ToLower(r[j].Name)
-}
-
-// recipeCatalogueFSIsLatest checks whether the recipe catalogue stored locally
-// is up to date.
-func recipeCatalogueFSIsLatest() (bool, error) {
-	httpClient := &http.Client{Timeout: web.Timeout}
-	res, err := httpClient.Head(RecipeCatalogueURL)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	lastModified := res.Header["Last-Modified"][0]
-	parsed, err := time.Parse(time.RFC1123, lastModified)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	info, err := os.Stat(config.APPS_JSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return false, nil
+// EnsureCatalogue ensures that the catalogue is cloned locally & present.
+func EnsureCatalogue(conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	catalogueDir := path.Join(config.ABRA_DIR, "catalogue")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(catalogueDir); err != nil && os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		if conf.Offline {
+			return fmt.Errorf("no local copy of the catalogue available, network access required")
 		}
-		return false, err
-	}
 
-	localModifiedTime := info.ModTime().Unix()
-	remoteModifiedTime := parsed.Unix()
-
-	if localModifiedTime < remoteModifiedTime {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	return true, nil
-}
-
-// ReadRecipeCatalogue reads the recipe catalogue.
-func ReadRecipeCatalogue() (RecipeCatalogue, error) {
-	recipes := make(RecipeCatalogue)
-
-	recipeFSIsLatest, err := recipeCatalogueFSIsLatest()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if !recipeFSIsLatest {
-		if err := readRecipeCatalogueWeb(&recipes); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+		url := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s.git", config.REPOS_BASE_URL, config.CATALOGUE_JSON_REPO_NAME)
+		if err := gitPkg.Clone(catalogueDir, url); err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
-		return recipes, nil
-	}
 
-	if err := readRecipeCatalogueFS(&recipes); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return recipes, nil
-}
-
-// readRecipeCatalogueFS reads the catalogue from the file system.
-func readRecipeCatalogueFS(target interface{}) error {
-	recipesJSONFS, err := ioutil.ReadFile(config.APPS_JSON)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(recipesJSONFS, &target); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// readRecipeCatalogueWeb reads the catalogue from the web.
-func readRecipeCatalogueWeb(target interface{}) error {
-	if err := web.ReadJSON(RecipeCatalogueURL, &target); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	recipesJSON, err := json.MarshalIndent(target, "", "    ")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(config.APPS_JSON, recipesJSON, 0644); err != nil {
-		return err
+		logrus.Debugf("cloned catalogue repository to %s", catalogueDir)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
-// VersionsOfService lists the version of a service.
-func VersionsOfService(recipe, serviceName string) ([]string, error) {
-	catalogue, err := ReadRecipeCatalogue()
+// EnsureUpToDate ensures that the local catalogue has no unstaged changes as
+// is up to date. This is useful to run before doing catalogue generation.
+func EnsureUpToDate(conf *runtime.Config) error {
+	isClean, err := gitPkg.IsClean(config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return err
 	}
 
-	rec, ok := catalogue[recipe]
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("recipe '%s' does not exist?", recipe)
+	if !isClean {
+		msg := "%s has locally unstaged changes? please commit/remove your changes before proceeding"
+		return fmt.Errorf(msg, config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
 	}
 
-	versions := []string{}
-	alreadySeen := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, serviceVersion := range rec.Versions {
-		for tag := range serviceVersion {
-			if _, ok := alreadySeen[tag]; !ok {
-				alreadySeen[tag] = true
-				versions = append(versions, tag)
-			}
+	if conf.Offline {
+		logrus.Debug("attempting to use local catalogue without access network (\"--offline\")")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	repo, err := git.PlainOpen(config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	remotes, err := repo.Remotes()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(remotes) == 0 {
+		msg := "cannot ensure %s is up-to-date, no git remotes configured"
+		logrus.Debugf(msg, config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	worktree, err := repo.Worktree()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	branch, err := gitPkg.CheckoutDefaultBranch(repo, config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	opts := &git.PullOptions{
+		Force:         true,
+		ReferenceName: branch,
+	}
+
+	if err := worktree.Pull(opts); err != nil {
+		if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "already up-to-date") {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
 
-	return versions, nil
+	logrus.Debugf("fetched latest git changes for %s", config.CATALOGUE_DIR)
+
+	return nil
 }

pkg/client/client.go

@@ -2,39 +2,56 @@
 package client
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
+	"time"
 
+	contextPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/context"
+	sshPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/ssh"
+	commandconnPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/commandconn"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
-// New initiates a new Docker client.
-func New(contextName string) (*client.Client, error) {
-	context, err := GetContext(contextName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ctxEndpoint, err := GetContextEndpoint(context)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	helper := newConnectionHelper(ctxEndpoint)
-	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		// No tls, no proxy
-		Transport: &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: helper.Dialer,
-		},
-	}
-
+// New initiates a new Docker client. New client connections are validated so
+// that we ensure connections via SSH to the daemon can succeed. It takes into
+// account that you may only want the local client and not communicate via SSH.
+// For this use-case, please pass "default" as the contextName.
+func New(serverName string) (*client.Client, error) {
 	var clientOpts []client.Opt
-	clientOpts = append(clientOpts,
-		client.WithHTTPClient(httpClient),
-		client.WithHost(helper.Host),
-		client.WithDialContext(helper.Dialer),
-	)
+
+	if serverName != "default" {
+		context, err := GetContext(serverName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown server, run \"abra server add %s\"?", serverName)
+		}
+
+		ctxEndpoint, err := contextPkg.GetContextEndpoint(context)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		helper, err := commandconnPkg.NewConnectionHelper(ctxEndpoint)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		httpClient := &http.Client{
+			Transport: &http.Transport{
+				DialContext:     helper.Dialer,
+				IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
+			},
+		}
+
+		clientOpts = append(clientOpts,
+			client.WithHTTPClient(httpClient),
+			client.WithHost(helper.Host),
+			client.WithDialContext(helper.Dialer),
+		)
+	}
 
 	version := os.Getenv("DOCKER_API_VERSION")
 	if version != "" {
@@ -45,7 +62,22 @@ func New(contextName string) (*client.Client, error) {
 
 	cl, err := client.NewClientWithOpts(clientOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatalf("unable to create Docker client: %s", err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("created client for %s", serverName)
+
+	info, err := cl.Info(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		return cl, sshPkg.Fatal(serverName, err)
+	}
+
+	if info.Swarm.LocalNodeState == "inactive" {
+		if serverName != "default" {
+			return cl, fmt.Errorf("swarm mode not enabled on %s?", serverName)
+		} else {
+			return cl, errors.New("swarm mode not enabled on local server?")
+		}
 	}
 
 	return cl, nil

pkg/client/connection.go

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package client
-
-import (
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/connhelper"
-	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/docker"
-	dCliContextStore "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
-	dClient "github.com/docker/docker/client"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-func newConnectionHelper(daemonURL string) *connhelper.ConnectionHelper {
-	helper, err := connhelper.GetConnectionHelper(daemonURL)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return helper
-}
-
-func getDockerEndpoint(host string) (docker.Endpoint, error) {
-	skipTLSVerify := false
-	ep := docker.Endpoint{
-		EndpointMeta: docker.EndpointMeta{
-			Host:          host,
-			SkipTLSVerify: skipTLSVerify,
-		},
-	}
-	// try to resolve a docker client, validating the configuration
-	opts, err := ep.ClientOpts()
-	if err != nil {
-		return docker.Endpoint{}, err
-	}
-	if _, err := dClient.NewClientWithOpts(opts...); err != nil {
-		return docker.Endpoint{}, err
-	}
-	return ep, nil
-}
-
-func getDockerEndpointMetadataAndTLS(host string) (docker.EndpointMeta, *dCliContextStore.EndpointTLSData, error) {
-	ep, err := getDockerEndpoint(host)
-	if err != nil {
-		return docker.EndpointMeta{}, nil, err
-	}
-	return ep.EndpointMeta, ep.TLSData.ToStoreTLSData(), nil
-}

pkg/client/container/LICENSE

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-
-                                 Apache License
-                           Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
-
-   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
-
-   1. Definitions.
-
-      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
-      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
-
-      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
-      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
-
-      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
-      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
-      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
-      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
-      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
-      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
-      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
-
-      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
-      exercising permissions granted by this License.
-
-      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
-      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
-      source, and configuration files.
-
-      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
-      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
-      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
-      and conversions to other media types.
-
-      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
-      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
-      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
-      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
-
-      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
-      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
-      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
-      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
-      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
-      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
-      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
-
-      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
-      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
-      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
-      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
-      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
-      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
-      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
-      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
-      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
-      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
-      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
-      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
-      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
-
-      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
-      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
-      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
-
-   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
-      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
-      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
-
-   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
-      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
-      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
-      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
-      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
-      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
-      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
-      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
-      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
-      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
-      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
-      as of the date such litigation is filed.
-
-   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
-      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
-      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
-      meet the following conditions:
-
-      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
-          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
-
-      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
-          stating that You changed the files; and
-
-      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
-          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
-          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
-          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
-          the Derivative Works; and
-
-      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
-          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
-          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
-          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
-          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
-          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
-          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
-          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
-          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
-          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
-          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
-          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
-          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
-          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
-          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
-          as modifying the License.
-
-      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
-      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
-      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
-      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
-      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
-      the conditions stated in this License.
-
-   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
-      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
-      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
-      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
-      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
-      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
-      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
-
-   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
-      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
-      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
-      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
-
-   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
-      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
-      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
-      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
-      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
-      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
-      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
-      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
-
-   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
-      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
-      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
-      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
-      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
-      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
-      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
-      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
-      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
-      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
-      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
-
-   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
-      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
-      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
-      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
-      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
-      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
-      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
-      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
-      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
-      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
-
-   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-   Copyright 2013-2017 Docker, Inc.
-
-   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-   You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.

pkg/client/container/README.md

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-# github.com/docker/cli/cli/command/container
-
-Due to this literally just being copy-pasted from the lib, the Apache license
-will be posted in this folder. Small edits to the source code have been to
-function names and parts we don't need deleted.
-
-Same vibe as [../convert](../convert).

pkg/client/context.go

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 
-	command "github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/context"
+	commandconnPkg "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/commandconn"
 	dConfig "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
-	context "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context"
 	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/docker"
 	contextStore "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
-	"github.com/moby/term"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 type Context = contextStore.Metadata
@@ -26,23 +26,27 @@ func CreateContext(contextName string, user string, port string) error {
 	if err := createContext(contextName, host); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	logrus.Debugf("created the %s context", contextName)
 	return nil
 }
 
 // createContext interacts with Docker Context to create a Docker context config
 func createContext(name string, host string) error {
-	s := NewDefaultDockerContextStore()
+	s := context.NewDefaultDockerContextStore()
 	contextMetadata := contextStore.Metadata{
 		Endpoints: make(map[string]interface{}),
 		Name:      name,
 	}
+
 	contextTLSData := contextStore.ContextTLSData{
 		Endpoints: make(map[string]contextStore.EndpointTLSData),
 	}
-	dockerEP, dockerTLS, err := getDockerEndpointMetadataAndTLS(host)
+
+	dockerEP, dockerTLS, err := commandconnPkg.GetDockerEndpointMetadataAndTLS(host)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	contextMetadata.Endpoints[docker.DockerEndpoint] = dockerEP
 	if dockerTLS != nil {
 		contextTLSData.Endpoints[docker.DockerEndpoint] = *dockerTLS
@@ -51,9 +55,11 @@ func createContext(name string, host string) error {
 	if err := s.CreateOrUpdate(contextMetadata); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	if err := s.ResetTLSMaterial(name, &contextTLSData); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -61,59 +67,25 @@ func DeleteContext(name string) error {
 	if name == "default" {
 		return errors.New("context 'default' cannot be removed")
 	}
+
 	if _, err := GetContext(name); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// remove any context that might be loaded
-	// TODO: Check if the context we are removing is the active one rather than doing it all the time
 	cfg := dConfig.LoadDefaultConfigFile(nil)
 	cfg.CurrentContext = ""
 	if err := cfg.Save(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	return NewDefaultDockerContextStore().Remove(name)
+	return context.NewDefaultDockerContextStore().Remove(name)
 }
 
 func GetContext(contextName string) (contextStore.Metadata, error) {
-	ctx, err := NewDefaultDockerContextStore().GetMetadata(contextName)
+	ctx, err := context.NewDefaultDockerContextStore().GetMetadata(contextName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return contextStore.Metadata{}, err
 	}
+
 	return ctx, nil
 }
-
-func GetContextEndpoint(ctx contextStore.Metadata) (string, error) {
-	// safe to use docker key hardcoded since abra doesn't use k8s... yet...
-	endpointmeta, ok := ctx.Endpoints["docker"].(context.EndpointMetaBase)
-	if !ok {
-		err := errors.New("context lacks Docker endpoint")
-		return "", err
-	}
-	return endpointmeta.Host, nil
-}
-
-func newContextStore(dir string, config contextStore.Config) contextStore.Store {
-	return contextStore.New(dir, config)
-}
-
-func NewDefaultDockerContextStore() *command.ContextStoreWithDefault {
-	// Grabbing the stderr from Docker commands
-	// Much easier to fit this into the code we are using to replicate docker cli commands
-	_, _, stderr := term.StdStreams()
-	// TODO: Look into custom docker configs in case users want that
-	dockerConfig := dConfig.LoadDefaultConfigFile(stderr)
-	contextDir := dConfig.ContextStoreDir()
-	storeConfig := command.DefaultContextStoreConfig()
-	store := newContextStore(contextDir, storeConfig)
-
-	dockerContextStore := &command.ContextStoreWithDefault{
-		Store: store,
-		Resolver: func() (*command.DefaultContext, error) {
-			// nil for the Opts because it works without it and its a cli thing
-			return command.ResolveDefaultContext(nil, dockerConfig, storeConfig, stderr)
-		},
-	}
-	return dockerContextStore
-}

pkg/client/context_test.go

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-package client_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
-	dContext "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context"
-	dCliContextStore "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
-)
-
-type TestContext struct {
-	context           dCliContextStore.Metadata
-	expected_endpoint string
-}
-
-func dockerContext(host, key string) TestContext {
-	dockerContext := dCliContextStore.Metadata{
-		Name:     "foo",
-		Metadata: nil,
-		Endpoints: map[string]interface{}{
-			key: dContext.EndpointMetaBase{
-				Host:          host,
-				SkipTLSVerify: false,
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	return TestContext{
-		context:           dockerContext,
-		expected_endpoint: host,
-	}
-}
-
-func TestGetContextEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
-	var testDockerContexts = []TestContext{
-		dockerContext("ssh://foobar", "docker"),
-		dockerContext("ssh://foobar", "k8"),
-	}
-	for _, context := range testDockerContexts {
-		endpoint, err := client.GetContextEndpoint(context.context)
-		if err != nil {
-			if err.Error() != "context lacks Docker endpoint" {
-				t.Error(err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			if endpoint != context.expected_endpoint {
-				t.Errorf("did not get correct context endpoint. Expected: %s, received: %s", context.expected_endpoint, endpoint)
-			}
-		}
-
-	}
-
-}

pkg/client/convert/LICENSE

@@ -1,191 +0,0 @@
-
-                                 Apache License
-                           Version 2.0, January 2004
-                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
-
-   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
-
-   1. Definitions.
-
-      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
-      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
-
-      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
-      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
-
-      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
-      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
-      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
-      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
-      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
-      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
-      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
-
-      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
-      exercising permissions granted by this License.
-
-      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
-      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
-      source, and configuration files.
-
-      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
-      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
-      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
-      and conversions to other media types.
-
-      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
-      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
-      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
-      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
-
-      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
-      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
-      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
-      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
-      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
-      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
-      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
-
-      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
-      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
-      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
-      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
-      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
-      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
-      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
-      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
-      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
-      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
-      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
-      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
-      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
-
-      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
-      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
-      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
-
-   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
-      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
-      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
-
-   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
-      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
-      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
-      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
-      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
-      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
-      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
-      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
-      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
-      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
-      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
-      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
-      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
-      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
-      as of the date such litigation is filed.
-
-   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
-      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
-      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
-      meet the following conditions:
-
-      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
-          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
-
-      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
-          stating that You changed the files; and
-
-      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
-          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
-          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
-          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
-          the Derivative Works; and
-
-      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
-          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
-          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
-          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
-          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
-          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
-          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
-          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
-          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
-          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
-          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
-          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
-          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
-          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
-          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
-          as modifying the License.
-
-      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
-      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
-      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
-      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
-      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
-      the conditions stated in this License.
-
-   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
-      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
-      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
-      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
-      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
-      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
-      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
-
-   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
-      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
-      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
-      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
-
-   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
-      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
-      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
-      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
-      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
-      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
-      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
-      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
-
-   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
-      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
-      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
-      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
-      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
-      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
-      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
-      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
-      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
-      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
-      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
-
-   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
-      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
-      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
-      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
-      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
-      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
-      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
-      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
-      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
-      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
-
-   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
-
-   Copyright 2013-2017 Docker, Inc.
-
-   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-   You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.

pkg/client/convert/README.md

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-# github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/convert
-
-DISCLAIMER: This is like the entire `github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/convert`
-package. This should be an easy import but importing it creates DEPENDENCY
-HELL. I tried for an hour to fix it but it would work. TRY TO FIX AT YOUR OWN
-RISK!!!
-
-Due to this literally just being copy-pasted from the lib, the Apache license
-will be posted in this folder. Small edits to the source code have been to
-function names and parts we don't need deleted.

pkg/client/registry.go

@@ -1,170 +1,28 @@
 package client
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/web"
+	"github.com/containers/image/docker"
+	"github.com/containers/image/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 )
 
-type RawTag struct {
-	Layer string
-	Name  string
-}
+// GetRegistryTags retrieves all tags of an image from a container registry.
+func GetRegistryTags(img reference.Named) ([]string, error) {
+	var tags []string
 
-type RawTags []RawTag
+	ref, err := docker.ParseReference(fmt.Sprintf("//%s", img))
+	if err != nil {
+		return tags, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse image %s, saw: %s", img, err.Error())
+	}
 
-var registryURL = "https://registry.hub.docker.com/v1/repositories/%s/tags"
-
-func GetRegistryTags(image string) (RawTags, error) {
-	var tags RawTags
-
-	tagsUrl := fmt.Sprintf(registryURL, image)
-	if err := web.ReadJSON(tagsUrl, &tags); err != nil {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	tags, err = docker.GetRepositoryTags(ctx, &types.SystemContext{}, ref)
+	if err != nil {
 		return tags, err
 	}
 
 	return tags, nil
 }
-
-// getRegv2Token retrieves a registry v2 authentication token.
-func getRegv2Token(image reference.Named) (string, error) {
-	img := reference.Path(image)
-	authTokenURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://auth.docker.io/token?service=registry.docker.io&scope=repository:%s:pull", img)
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", authTokenURL, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{Timeout: web.Timeout}
-	res, err := client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer res.Body.Close()
-
-	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		_, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-	}
-
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", nil
-	}
-
-	tokenRes := struct {
-		Token  string
-		Expiry string
-		Issued string
-	}{}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &tokenRes); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return tokenRes.Token, nil
-}
-
-// GetTagDigest retrieves an image digest from a v2 registry
-func GetTagDigest(image reference.Named) (string, error) {
-	img := reference.Path(image)
-	tag := image.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
-	manifestURL := fmt.Sprintf("https://index.docker.io/v2/%s/manifests/%s", img, tag)
-
-	req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", manifestURL, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	token, err := getRegv2Token(image)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	req.Header = http.Header{
-		"Accept": []string{
-			"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json",
-			"application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json",
-		},
-		"Authorization": []string{fmt.Sprintf("Bearer %s", token)},
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{Timeout: web.Timeout}
-	res, err := client.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	defer res.Body.Close()
-
-	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-		_, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-	}
-
-	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	registryResT1 := struct {
-		SchemaVersion int
-		MediaType     string
-		Manifests     []struct {
-			MediaType string
-			Size      int
-			Digest    string
-			Platform  struct {
-				Architecture string
-				Os           string
-			}
-		}
-	}{}
-
-	registryResT2 := struct {
-		SchemaVersion int
-		MediaType     string
-		Config        struct {
-			MediaType string
-			Size      int
-			Digest    string
-		}
-		Layers []struct {
-			MediaType string
-			Size      int
-			Digest    string
-		}
-	}{}
-
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &registryResT1); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	var digest string
-	for _, manifest := range registryResT1.Manifests {
-		if string(manifest.Platform.Architecture) == "amd64" {
-			digest = strings.Split(manifest.Digest, ":")[1][:7]
-		}
-	}
-
-	if digest == "" {
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &registryResT2); err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-		digest = strings.Split(registryResT2.Config.Digest, ":")[1][:7]
-	}
-
-	if digest == "" {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("Unable to retrieve amd64 digest for '%s'", image)
-	}
-
-	return digest, nil
-}

pkg/client/secret.go

@@ -4,20 +4,14 @@ import (
 	"context"
 
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/swarm"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 )
 
-func StoreSecret(secretName, secretValue, server string) error {
-	cl, err := New(server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	ctx := context.Background()
+func StoreSecret(cl *client.Client, secretName, secretValue, server string) error {
 	ann := swarm.Annotations{Name: secretName}
 	spec := swarm.SecretSpec{Annotations: ann, Data: []byte(secretValue)}
 
-	// We don't bother with the secret IDs for now
-	if _, err := cl.SecretCreate(ctx, spec); err != nil {
+	if _, err := cl.SecretCreate(context.Background(), spec); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 

pkg/client/volumes.go

@@ -3,49 +3,39 @@ package client
 import (
 	"context"
 
-	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
 	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/volume"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
 )
 
-func GetVolumes(ctx context.Context, server string, appName string) ([]*types.Volume, error) {
-
-	cl, err := New(server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	fs := filters.NewArgs()
-	fs.Add("name", appName)
-
-	volumeListOKBody, err := cl.VolumeList(ctx, fs)
+func GetVolumes(cl *client.Client, ctx context.Context, server string, fs filters.Args) ([]*volume.Volume, error) {
+	volumeListOptions := volume.ListOptions{fs}
+	volumeListOKBody, err := cl.VolumeList(ctx, volumeListOptions)
 	volumeList := volumeListOKBody.Volumes
 	if err != nil {
-		logrus.Fatal(err)
+		return volumeList, err
 	}
 
 	return volumeList, nil
 }
 
-func GetVolumeNames(volumes []*types.Volume) []string {
+func GetVolumeNames(volumes []*volume.Volume) []string {
 	var volumeNames []string
+
 	for _, vol := range volumes {
 		volumeNames = append(volumeNames, vol.Name)
 	}
+
 	return volumeNames
 }
 
-func RemoveVolumes(ctx context.Context, server string, volumeNames []string, force bool) error {
-	cl, err := New(server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
+func RemoveVolumes(cl *client.Client, ctx context.Context, server string, volumeNames []string, force bool) error {
 	for _, volName := range volumeNames {
 		err := cl.VolumeRemove(ctx, volName, force)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	return nil
 
+	return nil
 }

pkg/compose/compose.go

@@ -3,29 +3,40 @@ package compose
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
+	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
-	loader "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/config"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	loader "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
 	composetypes "github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/types"
 	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // UpdateTag updates an image tag in-place on file system local compose files.
-func UpdateTag(pattern, image, tag string) error {
+func UpdateTag(pattern, image, tag, recipeName string) (bool, error) {
 	composeFiles, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
 	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		return false, err
 	}
 
+	logrus.Debugf("considering %s config(s) for tag update", strings.Join(composeFiles, ", "))
+
 	for _, composeFile := range composeFiles {
 		opts := stack.Deploy{Composefiles: []string{composeFile}}
-		emptyEnv := make(map[string]string)
-		compose, err := loader.LoadComposefile(opts, emptyEnv)
+
+		envSamplePath := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, ".env.sample")
+		sampleEnv, err := config.ReadEnv(envSamplePath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		compose, err := loader.LoadComposefile(opts, sampleEnv)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
 		}
 
 		for _, service := range compose.Services {
@@ -35,49 +46,63 @@ func UpdateTag(pattern, image, tag string) error {
 
 			img, _ := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(service.Image)
 			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Fatal(err)
+				return false, err
 			}
 
-			composeImage := reference.Path(img)
-			if strings.Contains(composeImage, "library") {
-				// ParseNormalizedNamed prepends 'library' to images like nginx:<tag>,
-				// postgres:<tag>, i.e. images which do not have a username in the
-				// first position of the string
-				composeImage = strings.Split(composeImage, "/")[1]
+			var composeTag string
+			switch img.(type) {
+			case reference.NamedTagged:
+				composeTag = img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
+			default:
+				logrus.Debugf("unable to parse %s, skipping", img)
+				continue
 			}
-			composeTag := img.(reference.NamedTagged).Tag()
+
+			composeImage := formatter.StripTagMeta(reference.Path(img))
+
+			logrus.Debugf("parsed %s from %s", composeTag, service.Image)
 
 			if image == composeImage {
 				bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(composeFile)
 				if err != nil {
-					logrus.Fatal(err)
+					return false, err
 				}
 
 				old := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", composeImage, composeTag)
 				new := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", composeImage, tag)
 				replacedBytes := strings.Replace(string(bytes), old, new, -1)
 
-				if err := ioutil.WriteFile(compose.Filename, []byte(replacedBytes), 0644); err != nil {
-					return err
+				logrus.Debugf("updating %s to %s in %s", old, new, compose.Filename)
+
+				if err := ioutil.WriteFile(compose.Filename, []byte(replacedBytes), 0764); err != nil {
+					return false, err
 				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	return nil
+	return false, nil
 }
 
 // UpdateLabel updates a label in-place on file system local compose files.
-func UpdateLabel(pattern, serviceName, label string) error {
+func UpdateLabel(pattern, serviceName, label, recipeName string) error {
 	composeFiles, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	logrus.Debugf("considering %s config(s) for label update", strings.Join(composeFiles, ", "))
+
 	for _, composeFile := range composeFiles {
 		opts := stack.Deploy{Composefiles: []string{composeFile}}
-		emptyEnv := make(map[string]string)
-		compose, err := loader.LoadComposefile(opts, emptyEnv)
+
+		envSamplePath := path.Join(config.RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, ".env.sample")
+		sampleEnv, err := config.ReadEnv(envSamplePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		compose, err := loader.LoadComposefile(opts, sampleEnv)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -95,20 +120,38 @@ func UpdateLabel(pattern, serviceName, label string) error {
 			continue
 		}
 
+		discovered := false
 		for oldLabel, value := range service.Deploy.Labels {
 			if strings.HasPrefix(oldLabel, "coop-cloud") {
+				discovered = true
+
 				bytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile(composeFile)
 				if err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
 
-				old := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.%s.version=%s", service.Name, value)
+				old := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.version=%s", value)
 				replacedBytes := strings.Replace(string(bytes), old, label, -1)
-				if err := ioutil.WriteFile(compose.Filename, []byte(replacedBytes), 0644); err != nil {
+
+				if old == label {
+					logrus.Warnf("%s is already set, nothing to do?", label)
+					return nil
+				}
+
+				logrus.Debugf("updating %s to %s in %s", old, label, compose.Filename)
+
+				if err := ioutil.WriteFile(compose.Filename, []byte(replacedBytes), 0764); err != nil {
 					return err
 				}
+
+				logrus.Infof("synced label %s to service %s", label, serviceName)
 			}
 		}
+
+		if !discovered {
+			logrus.Warn("no existing label found, automagic insertion not supported yet")
+			logrus.Fatalf("add '- \"%s\"' manually to the 'app' service in %s", label, composeFile)
+		}
 	}
 
 	return nil

pkg/config/app.go

@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
 package config
 
 import (
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
-	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/convert"
-	loader "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
-	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client/stack"
+	"github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/client"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/convert"
+	loader "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
+	stack "coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/upstream/stack"
 	composetypes "github.com/docker/cli/cli/compose/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
 // Type aliases to make code hints easier to understand
@@ -35,19 +40,75 @@ type AppFiles map[AppName]AppFile
 // App reprents an app with its env file read into memory
 type App struct {
 	Name   AppName
-	Type   string
+	Recipe string
 	Domain string
 	Env    AppEnv
 	Server string
 	Path   string
 }
 
-// StackName gets what the docker safe stack name is for the app
+// StackName gets whatever the docker safe (uses the right delimiting
+// character, e.g. "_") stack name is for the app. In general, you don't want
+// to use this to show anything to end-users, you want use a.Name instead.
 func (a App) StackName() string {
-	return SanitiseAppName(a.Name)
+	if _, exists := a.Env["STACK_NAME"]; exists {
+		return a.Env["STACK_NAME"]
+	}
+
+	stackName := SanitiseAppName(a.Name)
+
+	if len(stackName) > 45 {
+		logrus.Debugf("trimming %s to %s to avoid runtime limits", stackName, stackName[:45])
+		stackName = stackName[:45]
+	}
+
+	a.Env["STACK_NAME"] = stackName
+
+	return stackName
 }
 
-// SORTING TYPES
+// Filters retrieves exact app filters for querying the container runtime. Due
+// to upstream issues, filtering works different depending on what you're
+// querying. So, for example, secrets don't work with regex! The caller needs
+// to implement their own validation that the right secrets are matched. In
+// order to handle these cases, we provide the `appendServiceNames` /
+// `exactMatch` modifiers.
+func (a App) Filters(appendServiceNames, exactMatch bool) (filters.Args, error) {
+	filters := filters.NewArgs()
+
+	composeFiles, err := GetAppComposeFiles(a.Recipe, a.Env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return filters, err
+	}
+
+	opts := stack.Deploy{Composefiles: composeFiles}
+	compose, err := GetAppComposeConfig(a.Recipe, opts, a.Env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return filters, err
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		var filter string
+
+		if appendServiceNames {
+			if exactMatch {
+				filter = fmt.Sprintf("^%s_%s", a.StackName(), service.Name)
+			} else {
+				filter = fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s", a.StackName(), service.Name)
+			}
+		} else {
+			if exactMatch {
+				filter = fmt.Sprintf("^%s", a.StackName())
+			} else {
+				filter = fmt.Sprintf("%s", a.StackName())
+			}
+		}
+
+		filters.Add("name", filter)
+	}
+
+	return filters, nil
+}
 
 // ByServer sort a slice of Apps
 type ByServer []App
@@ -58,25 +119,25 @@ func (a ByServer) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	return strings.ToLower(a[i].Server) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Server)
 }
 
-// ByServerAndType sort a slice of Apps
-type ByServerAndType []App
+// ByServerAndRecipe sort a slice of Apps
+type ByServerAndRecipe []App
 
-func (a ByServerAndType) Len() int      { return len(a) }
-func (a ByServerAndType) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
-func (a ByServerAndType) Less(i, j int) bool {
+func (a ByServerAndRecipe) Len() int      { return len(a) }
+func (a ByServerAndRecipe) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a ByServerAndRecipe) Less(i, j int) bool {
 	if a[i].Server == a[j].Server {
-		return strings.ToLower(a[i].Type) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Type)
+		return strings.ToLower(a[i].Recipe) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Recipe)
 	}
 	return strings.ToLower(a[i].Server) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Server)
 }
 
-// ByType sort a slice of Apps
-type ByType []App
+// ByRecipe sort a slice of Apps
+type ByRecipe []App
 
-func (a ByType) Len() int      { return len(a) }
-func (a ByType) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
-func (a ByType) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return strings.ToLower(a[i].Type) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Type)
+func (a ByRecipe) Len() int      { return len(a) }
+func (a ByRecipe) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
+func (a ByRecipe) Less(i, j int) bool {
+	return strings.ToLower(a[i].Recipe) < strings.ToLower(a[j].Recipe)
 }
 
 // ByName sort a slice of Apps
@@ -91,158 +152,313 @@ func (a ByName) Less(i, j int) bool {
 func readAppEnvFile(appFile AppFile, name AppName) (App, error) {
 	env, err := ReadEnv(appFile.Path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("env file for '%s' couldn't be read: %s", name, err.Error())
+		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("env file for %s couldn't be read: %s", name, err.Error())
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("read env %s from %s", env, appFile.Path)
+
 	app, err := newApp(env, name, appFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("env file for '%s' has issues: %s", name, err.Error())
+		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("env file for %s has issues: %s", name, err.Error())
 	}
+
 	return app, nil
 }
 
 // newApp creates new App object
 func newApp(env AppEnv, name string, appFile AppFile) (App, error) {
-	// Checking for type as it is required - apps wont work without it
 	domain := env["DOMAIN"]
-	apptype, ok := env["TYPE"]
-	if !ok {
-		return App{}, errors.New("missing TYPE variable")
+
+	recipe, exists := env["RECIPE"]
+	if !exists {
+		recipe, exists = env["TYPE"]
+		if !exists {
+			return App{}, fmt.Errorf("%s is missing the TYPE env var?", name)
+		}
 	}
+
 	return App{
 		Name:   name,
 		Domain: domain,
-		Type:   apptype,
+		Recipe: recipe,
 		Env:    env,
 		Server: appFile.Server,
 		Path:   appFile.Path,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// LoadAppFiles gets all app files for a given set of servers or all servers
+// LoadAppFiles gets all app files for a given set of servers or all servers.
 func LoadAppFiles(servers ...string) (AppFiles, error) {
 	appFiles := make(AppFiles)
 	if len(servers) == 1 {
 		if servers[0] == "" {
 			// Empty servers flag, one string will always be passed
 			var err error
-			servers, err = getAllFoldersInDirectory(ABRA_SERVER_FOLDER)
+			servers, err = GetAllFoldersInDirectory(SERVERS_DIR)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return appFiles, err
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("collecting metadata from %v servers: %s", len(servers), strings.Join(servers, ", "))
+
 	for _, server := range servers {
-		serverDir := path.Join(ABRA_SERVER_FOLDER, server)
-		files, err := getAllFilesInDirectory(serverDir)
+		serverDir := path.Join(SERVERS_DIR, server)
+		files, err := GetAllFilesInDirectory(serverDir)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return appFiles, fmt.Errorf("server %s doesn't exist? Run \"abra server ls\" to check", server)
 		}
+
 		for _, file := range files {
 			appName := strings.TrimSuffix(file.Name(), ".env")
-			appFilePath := path.Join(ABRA_SERVER_FOLDER, server, file.Name())
+			appFilePath := path.Join(SERVERS_DIR, server, file.Name())
 			appFiles[appName] = AppFile{
 				Path:   appFilePath,
 				Server: server,
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	return appFiles, nil
 }
 
-// GetApp loads an apps settings, reading it from file, in preparation to use it
-//
-// ONLY use when ready to use the env file to keep IO down
+// GetApp loads an apps settings, reading it from file, in preparation to use
+// it. It should only be used when ready to use the env file to keep IO
+// operations down.
 func GetApp(apps AppFiles, name AppName) (App, error) {
 	appFile, exists := apps[name]
 	if !exists {
-		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot find app with name '%s'", name)
+		return App{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot find app with name %s", name)
 	}
+
 	app, err := readAppEnvFile(appFile, name)
 	if err != nil {
 		return App{}, err
 	}
+
 	return app, nil
 }
 
-// GetApps returns a slice of Apps with their env files read from a given slice of AppFiles
-func GetApps(appFiles AppFiles) ([]App, error) {
+// GetApps returns a slice of Apps with their env files read from a given
+// slice of AppFiles.
+func GetApps(appFiles AppFiles, recipeFilter string) ([]App, error) {
 	var apps []App
+
 	for name := range appFiles {
 		app, err := GetApp(appFiles, name)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		apps = append(apps, app)
+
+		if recipeFilter != "" {
+			if app.Recipe == recipeFilter {
+				apps = append(apps, app)
+			}
+		} else {
+			apps = append(apps, app)
+		}
 	}
+
 	return apps, nil
 }
 
-// CopyAppEnvSample copies the example env file for the app into the users env files
-func CopyAppEnvSample(appType, appName, server string) error {
-	envSamplePath := path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "apps", appType, ".env.sample")
+// GetAppServiceNames retrieves a list of app service names.
+func GetAppServiceNames(appName string) ([]string, error) {
+	var serviceNames []string
+
+	appFiles, err := LoadAppFiles("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return serviceNames, err
+	}
+
+	app, err := GetApp(appFiles, appName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return serviceNames, err
+	}
+
+	composeFiles, err := GetAppComposeFiles(app.Recipe, app.Env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return serviceNames, err
+	}
+
+	opts := stack.Deploy{Composefiles: composeFiles}
+	compose, err := GetAppComposeConfig(app.Recipe, opts, app.Env)
+	if err != nil {
+		return serviceNames, err
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		serviceNames = append(serviceNames, service.Name)
+	}
+
+	return serviceNames, nil
+}
+
+// GetAppNames retrieves a list of app names.
+func GetAppNames() ([]string, error) {
+	var appNames []string
+
+	appFiles, err := LoadAppFiles("")
+	if err != nil {
+		return appNames, err
+	}
+
+	apps, err := GetApps(appFiles, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return appNames, err
+	}
+
+	for _, app := range apps {
+		appNames = append(appNames, app.Name)
+	}
+
+	return appNames, nil
+}
+
+// TemplateAppEnvSample copies the example env file for the app into the users
+// env files.
+func TemplateAppEnvSample(recipeName, appName, server, domain string) error {
+	envSamplePath := path.Join(RECIPES_DIR, recipeName, ".env.sample")
 	envSample, err := ioutil.ReadFile(envSamplePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
 	appEnvPath := path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "servers", server, fmt.Sprintf("%s.env", appName))
-	if _, err := os.Stat(appEnvPath); err == nil {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(appEnvPath); os.IsExist(err) {
 		return fmt.Errorf("%s already exists?", appEnvPath)
 	}
 
-	err = ioutil.WriteFile(appEnvPath, envSample, 0755)
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(appEnvPath, envSample, 0664)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	read, err := ioutil.ReadFile(appEnvPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	newContents := strings.Replace(string(read), recipeName+".example.com", domain, -1)
+
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(appEnvPath, []byte(newContents), 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("copied & templated %s to %s", envSamplePath, appEnvPath)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-// SanitiseAppName makes a app name usable with Docker by replacing illegal characters
+// SanitiseAppName makes a app name usable with Docker by replacing illegal
+// characters.
 func SanitiseAppName(name string) string {
 	return strings.ReplaceAll(name, ".", "_")
 }
 
-// GetAppStatuses queries servers to check the deployment status of given apps
-func GetAppStatuses(appFiles AppFiles) (map[string]string, error) {
-	servers := appFiles.GetServers()
-	ch := make(chan stack.StackStatus, len(servers))
-	for _, server := range servers {
-		go func(s string) { ch <- stack.GetAllDeployedServices(s) }(server)
-	}
+// GetAppStatuses queries servers to check the deployment status of given apps.
+func GetAppStatuses(apps []App, MachineReadable bool) (map[string]map[string]string, error) {
+	statuses := make(map[string]map[string]string)
 
-	statuses := map[string]string{}
-	for range servers {
-		status := <-ch
-		for _, service := range status.Services {
-			name := service.Spec.Labels[convert.LabelNamespace]
-			if _, ok := statuses[name]; !ok {
-				statuses[name] = "deployed"
-			}
+	servers := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, app := range apps {
+		if _, ok := servers[app.Server]; !ok {
+			servers[app.Server] = struct{}{}
 		}
 	}
 
+	var bar *progressbar.ProgressBar
+	if !MachineReadable {
+		bar = formatter.CreateProgressbar(len(servers), "querying remote servers...")
+	}
+
+	ch := make(chan stack.StackStatus, len(servers))
+	for server := range servers {
+		cl, err := client.New(server)
+		if err != nil {
+			return statuses, err
+		}
+
+		go func(s string) {
+			ch <- stack.GetAllDeployedServices(cl, s)
+			if !MachineReadable {
+				bar.Add(1)
+			}
+		}(server)
+	}
+
+	for range servers {
+		status := <-ch
+		if status.Err != nil {
+			return statuses, status.Err
+		}
+
+		for _, service := range status.Services {
+			result := make(map[string]string)
+			name := service.Spec.Labels[convert.LabelNamespace]
+
+			if _, ok := statuses[name]; !ok {
+				result["status"] = "deployed"
+			}
+
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.chaos", name)
+			chaos, ok := service.Spec.Labels[labelKey]
+			if ok {
+				result["chaos"] = chaos
+			}
+
+			labelKey = fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.chaos-version", name)
+			if chaosVersion, ok := service.Spec.Labels[labelKey]; ok {
+				result["chaosVersion"] = chaosVersion
+			}
+
+			labelKey = fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.autoupdate", name)
+			if autoUpdate, ok := service.Spec.Labels[labelKey]; ok {
+				result["autoUpdate"] = autoUpdate
+			} else {
+				result["autoUpdate"] = "false"
+			}
+
+			labelKey = fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.version", name)
+			if version, ok := service.Spec.Labels[labelKey]; ok {
+				result["version"] = version
+			} else {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			statuses[name] = result
+		}
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved app statuses: %s", statuses)
+
 	return statuses, nil
 }
 
 // GetAppComposeFiles gets the list of compose files for an app which should be
 // merged into a composetypes.Config while respecting the COMPOSE_FILE env var.
 func GetAppComposeFiles(recipe string, appEnv AppEnv) ([]string, error) {
+	var composeFiles []string
+
 	if _, ok := appEnv["COMPOSE_FILE"]; !ok {
-		pattern := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/compose**yml", APPS_DIR, recipe)
-		composeFiles, err := filepath.Glob(pattern)
-		if err != nil {
-			return composeFiles, err
-		}
+		logrus.Debug("no COMPOSE_FILE detected, loading compose.yml")
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/compose.yml", RECIPES_DIR, recipe)
+		composeFiles = append(composeFiles, path)
 		return composeFiles, nil
 	}
 
-	var composeFiles []string
 	composeFileEnvVar := appEnv["COMPOSE_FILE"]
+	envVars := strings.Split(composeFileEnvVar, ":")
+	logrus.Debugf("COMPOSE_FILE detected (%s), loading %s", composeFileEnvVar, strings.Join(envVars, ", "))
 	for _, file := range strings.Split(composeFileEnvVar, ":") {
-		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", APPS_DIR, recipe, file)
+		path := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s/%s", RECIPES_DIR, recipe, file)
 		composeFiles = append(composeFiles, path)
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s configs for %s", strings.Join(composeFiles, ", "), recipe)
+
 	return composeFiles, nil
 }
 
@@ -254,5 +470,103 @@ func GetAppComposeConfig(recipe string, opts stack.Deploy, appEnv AppEnv) (*comp
 	if err != nil {
 		return &composetypes.Config{}, err
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %s for %s", compose.Filename, recipe)
+
 	return compose, nil
 }
+
+// ExposeAllEnv exposes all env variables to the app container
+func ExposeAllEnv(stackName string, compose *composetypes.Config, appEnv AppEnv) {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			logrus.Debugf("Add the following environment to the app service config of %s:", stackName)
+			for k, v := range appEnv {
+				_, exists := service.Environment[k]
+				if !exists {
+					value := v
+					service.Environment[k] = &value
+					logrus.Debugf("Add Key: %s Value: %s to %s", k, value, stackName)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetRecipeLabel adds the label 'coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.recipe=${RECIPE}' to the app container
+// to signal which recipe is connected to the deployed app
+func SetRecipeLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string, recipe string) {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			logrus.Debugf("set recipe label 'coop-cloud.%s.recipe' to %s for %s", stackName, recipe, stackName)
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.recipe", stackName)
+			service.Deploy.Labels[labelKey] = recipe
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetChaosLabel adds the label 'coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.chaos=true/false' to the app container
+// to signal if the app is deployed in chaos mode
+func SetChaosLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string, chaos bool) {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			logrus.Debugf("set label 'coop-cloud.%s.chaos' to %v for %s", stackName, chaos, stackName)
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.chaos", stackName)
+			service.Deploy.Labels[labelKey] = strconv.FormatBool(chaos)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetChaosVersionLabel adds the label 'coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.chaos-version=$(GIT_COMMIT)' to the app container
+func SetChaosVersionLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string, chaosVersion string) {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			logrus.Debugf("set label 'coop-cloud.%s.chaos-version' to %v for %s", stackName, chaosVersion, stackName)
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.chaos-version", stackName)
+			service.Deploy.Labels[labelKey] = chaosVersion
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetUpdateLabel adds env ENABLE_AUTO_UPDATE as label to enable/disable the
+// auto update process for this app. The default if this variable is not set is to disable
+// the auto update process.
+func SetUpdateLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string, appEnv AppEnv) {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			enable_auto_update, exists := appEnv["ENABLE_AUTO_UPDATE"]
+			if !exists {
+				enable_auto_update = "false"
+			}
+			logrus.Debugf("set label 'coop-cloud.%s.autoupdate' to %s for %s", stackName, enable_auto_update, stackName)
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.autoupdate", stackName)
+			service.Deploy.Labels[labelKey] = enable_auto_update
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetLabel reads docker labels in the format of "coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.${LABEL}" from the local compose files
+func GetLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string, label string) string {
+	for _, service := range compose.Services {
+		if service.Name == "app" {
+			labelKey := fmt.Sprintf("coop-cloud.%s.%s", stackName, label)
+			logrus.Debugf("get label '%s'", labelKey)
+			if labelValue, ok := service.Deploy.Labels[labelKey]; ok {
+				return labelValue
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	logrus.Debugf("no %s label found for %s", label, stackName)
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GetTimeoutFromLabel reads the timeout value from docker label "coop-cloud.${STACK_NAME}.TIMEOUT" and returns 50 as default value
+func GetTimeoutFromLabel(compose *composetypes.Config, stackName string) (int, error) {
+	var timeout = 50 // Default Timeout
+	var err error = nil
+	if timeoutLabel := GetLabel(compose, stackName, "timeout"); timeoutLabel != "" {
+		logrus.Debugf("timeout label: %s", timeoutLabel)
+		timeout, err = strconv.Atoi(timeoutLabel)
+	}
+	return timeout, err
+}

pkg/config/app_test.go

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ func TestReadAppEnvFile(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetApp(t *testing.T) {
-	// TODO: Test failures as well as successes
 	app, err := GetApp(expectedAppFiles, appName)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

pkg/config/env.go

@@ -15,53 +15,77 @@ import (
 )
 
 var ABRA_DIR = os.ExpandEnv("$HOME/.abra")
-var ABRA_SERVER_FOLDER = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "servers")
-var APPS_JSON = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "apps.json")
-var APPS_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "apps")
+var SERVERS_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "servers")
+var RECIPES_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "recipes")
+var VENDOR_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "vendor")
+var BACKUP_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "backups")
+var CATALOGUE_DIR = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "catalogue")
+var RECIPES_JSON = path.Join(ABRA_DIR, "catalogue", "recipes.json")
 var REPOS_BASE_URL = "https://git.coopcloud.tech/coop-cloud"
+var CATALOGUE_JSON_REPO_NAME = "recipes-catalogue-json"
+var SSH_URL_TEMPLATE = "ssh://git@git.coopcloud.tech:2222/coop-cloud/%s.git"
 
-func (a AppFiles) GetServers() []string {
-	var unique []string
-	servers := make(map[string]struct{})
-	for _, appFile := range a {
-		if _, ok := servers[appFile.Server]; !ok {
-			servers[appFile.Server] = struct{}{}
-			unique = append(unique, appFile.Server)
-		}
+// GetServers retrieves all servers.
+func GetServers() ([]string, error) {
+	var servers []string
+
+	servers, err := GetAllFoldersInDirectory(SERVERS_DIR)
+	if err != nil {
+		return servers, err
 	}
-	return unique
+
+	logrus.Debugf("retrieved %v servers: %s", len(servers), servers)
+
+	return servers, nil
 }
 
+// ReadEnv loads an app envivornment into a map.
 func ReadEnv(filePath string) (AppEnv, error) {
 	var envFile AppEnv
+
 	envFile, err := godotenv.Read(filePath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("read %s from %s", envFile, filePath)
+
 	return envFile, nil
 }
 
+// ReadServerNames retrieves all server names.
 func ReadServerNames() ([]string, error) {
-	serverNames, err := getAllFoldersInDirectory(ABRA_SERVER_FOLDER)
+	serverNames, err := GetAllFoldersInDirectory(SERVERS_DIR)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("read %s from %s", strings.Join(serverNames, ","), SERVERS_DIR)
+
 	return serverNames, nil
 }
 
-// getAllFilesInDirectory returns filenames of all files in directory
-func getAllFilesInDirectory(directory string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
+// GetAllFilesInDirectory returns filenames of all files in directory
+func GetAllFilesInDirectory(directory string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
 	var realFiles []fs.FileInfo
+
 	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(directory)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	for _, file := range files {
 		// Follow any symlinks
 		filePath := path.Join(directory, file.Name())
+
+		if filepath.Ext(strings.TrimSpace(filePath)) != ".env" {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		realPath, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filePath)
 		if err != nil {
-			logrus.Warningf("broken symlink in your abra config folders: '%s'", filePath)
+			logrus.Warningf("broken symlink in your abra config folders: %s", filePath)
 		} else {
 			realFile, err := os.Stat(realPath)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -71,54 +95,48 @@ func getAllFilesInDirectory(directory string) ([]fs.FileInfo, error) {
 				realFiles = append(realFiles, file)
 			}
 		}
-
 	}
+
 	return realFiles, nil
 }
 
-// getAllFoldersInDirectory returns both folder and symlink paths
-func getAllFoldersInDirectory(directory string) ([]string, error) {
+// GetAllFoldersInDirectory returns both folder and symlink paths
+func GetAllFoldersInDirectory(directory string) ([]string, error) {
 	var folders []string
+
 	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(directory)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if len(files) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("directory is empty: '%s'", directory)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("directory is empty: %s", directory)
 	}
+
 	for _, file := range files {
 		// Check if file is directory or symlink
 		if file.IsDir() || file.Mode()&fs.ModeSymlink != 0 {
 			filePath := path.Join(directory, file.Name())
 			realDir, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filePath)
 			if err != nil {
-				logrus.Warningf("broken symlink in your abra config folders: '%s'", filePath)
+				logrus.Warningf("broken symlink in your abra config folders: %s", filePath)
 			} else if stat, err := os.Stat(realDir); err == nil && stat.IsDir() {
 				// path is a directory
 				folders = append(folders, file.Name())
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
 	return folders, nil
 }
 
-// EnsureAbraDirExists checks for the abra config folder and throws error if not
-func EnsureAbraDirExists() error {
-	if _, err := os.Stat(ABRA_DIR); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		if err := os.Mkdir(ABRA_DIR, 0777); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
+// ReadAbraShEnvVars reads env vars from an abra.sh recipe file.
 func ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraSh string) (map[string]string, error) {
 	envVars := make(map[string]string)
 
 	file, err := os.Open(abraSh)
 	if err != nil {
 		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return envVars, fmt.Errorf("'%s' does not exist?", abraSh)
+			return envVars, nil
 		}
 		return envVars, err
 	}
@@ -137,5 +155,7 @@ func ReadAbraShEnvVars(abraSh string) (map[string]string, error) {
 		}
 	}
 
+	logrus.Debugf("read %s from %s", envVars, abraSh)
+
 	return envVars, nil
 }

pkg/config/env_test.go

@@ -13,19 +13,19 @@ var validAbraConf = os.ExpandEnv("$PWD/../../tests/resources/valid_abra_config")
 
 // make sure these are in alphabetical order
 var tFolders = []string{"folder1", "folder2"}
-var tFiles = []string{"bar", "foo"}
+var tFiles = []string{"bar.env", "foo.env"}
 
 var appName = "ecloud"
 var serverName = "evil.corp"
 
 var expectedAppEnv = AppEnv{
 	"DOMAIN": "ecloud.evil.corp",
-	"TYPE":   "ecloud",
+	"RECIPE": "ecloud",
 }
 
 var expectedApp = App{
 	Name:   appName,
-	Type:   expectedAppEnv["TYPE"],
+	Recipe: expectedAppEnv["RECIPE"],
 	Domain: expectedAppEnv["DOMAIN"],
 	Env:    expectedAppEnv,
 	Path:   expectedAppFile.Path,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ var expectedAppFiles = map[string]AppFile{
 // var expectedServerNames = []string{"evil.corp"}
 
 func TestGetAllFoldersInDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	folders, err := getAllFoldersInDirectory(testFolder)
+	folders, err := GetAllFoldersInDirectory(testFolder)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func TestGetAllFoldersInDirectory(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestGetAllFilesInDirectory(t *testing.T) {
-	files, err := getAllFilesInDirectory(testFolder)
+	files, err := GetAllFilesInDirectory(testFolder)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -74,11 +74,11 @@ func TestReadEnv(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	if !reflect.DeepEqual(env, expectedAppEnv) {
 		t.Fatalf(
-			"did not get expected application settings. Expected: DOMAIN=%s TYPE=%s; Got: DOMAIN=%s TYPE=%s",
+			"did not get expected application settings. Expected: DOMAIN=%s RECIPE=%s; Got: DOMAIN=%s RECIPE=%s",
 			expectedAppEnv["DOMAIN"],
-			expectedAppEnv["TYPE"],
+			expectedAppEnv["RECIPE"],
 			env["DOMAIN"],
-			env["TYPE"],
+			env["RECIPE"],
 		)
 	}
 }

pkg/container/container.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package container
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/formatter"
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/api/types/filters"
+	"github.com/docker/docker/client"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// GetContainer retrieves a container. If noInput is false and the retrievd
+// count of containers does not match 1, then a prompt is presented to let the
+// user choose. A count of 0 is handled gracefully.
+func GetContainer(c context.Context, cl *client.Client, filters filters.Args, noInput bool) (types.Container, error) {
+	containerOpts := types.ContainerListOptions{Filters: filters}
+	containers, err := cl.ContainerList(c, containerOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return types.Container{}, err
+	}
+
+	if len(containers) == 0 {
+		filter := filters.Get("name")[0]
+		return types.Container{}, fmt.Errorf("no containers matching the %v filter found?", filter)
+	}
+
+	if len(containers) != 1 {
+		var containersRaw []string
+		for _, container := range containers {
+			containerName := strings.Join(container.Names, " ")
+			trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(containerName, "/")
+			created := formatter.HumanDuration(container.Created)
+			containersRaw = append(containersRaw, fmt.Sprintf("%s (created %v)", trimmed, created))
+		}
+
+		if noInput {
+			err := fmt.Errorf("expected 1 container but found %v: %s", len(containers), strings.Join(containersRaw, " "))
+			return types.Container{}, err
+		}
+
+		logrus.Warnf("ambiguous container list received, prompting for input")
+
+		var response string
+		prompt := &survey.Select{
+			Message: "which container are you looking for?",
+			Options: containersRaw,
+		}
+
+		if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &response); err != nil {
+			return types.Container{}, err
+		}
+
+		chosenContainer := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Split(response, " ")[0])
+		for _, container := range containers {
+			containerName := strings.TrimSpace(strings.Join(container.Names, " "))
+			trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(containerName, "/")
+			if trimmed == chosenContainer {
+				return container, nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		logrus.Panic("failed to match chosen container")
+	}
+
+	return containers[0], nil
+}

pkg/context/context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package context
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/command"
+	dConfig "github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/context"
+	contextStore "github.com/docker/cli/cli/context/store"
+	cliflags "github.com/docker/cli/cli/flags"
+)
+
+func NewDefaultDockerContextStore() *command.ContextStoreWithDefault {
+	contextDir := dConfig.ContextStoreDir()
+	storeConfig := command.DefaultContextStoreConfig()
+	store := newContextStore(contextDir, storeConfig)
+
+	opts := &cliflags.ClientOptions{Context: "default"}
+
+	dockerContextStore := &command.ContextStoreWithDefault{
+		Store: store,
+		Resolver: func() (*command.DefaultContext, error) {
+			return command.ResolveDefaultContext(opts, storeConfig)
+		},
+	}
+
+	return dockerContextStore
+}
+
+func GetContextEndpoint(ctx contextStore.Metadata) (string, error) {
+	endpointmeta, ok := ctx.Endpoints["docker"].(context.EndpointMetaBase)
+	if !ok {
+		err := errors.New("context lacks Docker endpoint")
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return endpointmeta.Host, nil
+}
+
+func newContextStore(dir string, config contextStore.Config) contextStore.Store {
+	return contextStore.New(dir, config)
+}

pkg/dns/common.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package dns
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/AlecAivazis/survey/v2"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// NewToken constructs a new DNS provider token.
+func NewToken(provider, providerTokenEnvVar string) (string, error) {
+	if token, present := os.LookupEnv(providerTokenEnvVar); present {
+		return token, nil
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("no %s in environment, asking via stdin", providerTokenEnvVar)
+
+	var token string
+	prompt := &survey.Input{
+		Message: fmt.Sprintf("%s API token?", provider),
+	}
+	if err := survey.AskOne(prompt, &token); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// EnsureIPv4 ensures that an ipv4 address is set for a domain name
+func EnsureIPv4(domainName string) (string, error) {
+	ipv4, err := net.ResolveIPAddr("ip", domainName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return ipv4.String(), nil
+}
+
+// EnsureDomainsResolveSameIPv4 ensures that domains resolve to the same ipv4 address
+func EnsureDomainsResolveSameIPv4(domainName, server string) (string, error) {
+	if server == "default" || server == "local" {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var ipv4 string
+
+	domainIPv4, err := EnsureIPv4(domainName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ipv4, err
+	}
+
+	if domainIPv4 == "" {
+		return ipv4, fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve ipv4 for %s?", domainName)
+	}
+
+	serverIPv4, err := EnsureIPv4(server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ipv4, err
+	}
+
+	if serverIPv4 == "" {
+		return ipv4, fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve ipv4 for %s?", server)
+	}
+
+	if domainIPv4 != serverIPv4 {
+		err := "app domain %s (%s) does not appear to resolve to app server %s (%s)?"
+		return ipv4, fmt.Errorf(err, domainName, domainIPv4, server, serverIPv4)
+	}
+
+	return ipv4, nil
+}
+
+// GetTTL parses a ttl string into a duration
+func GetTTL(ttl string) (time.Duration, error) {
+	val, err := time.ParseDuration(ttl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return val, err
+	}
+	return val, nil
+}

pkg/dns/gandi/gandi.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package gandi
+
+import (
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/dns"
+	"github.com/libdns/gandi"
+)
+
+// New constructs a new DNs provider.
+func New() (gandi.Provider, error) {
+	token, err := dns.NewToken("Gandi", "GANDI_TOKEN")
+	if err != nil {
+		return gandi.Provider{}, err
+	}
+	return gandi.Provider{APIToken: token}, nil
+}

pkg/formatter/formatter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package formatter
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
+	// "github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter"
+	"coopcloud.tech/abra/pkg/jsontable"
+	"github.com/schollz/progressbar/v3"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+func ShortenID(str string) string {
+	return str[:12]
+}
+
+func SmallSHA(hash string) string {
+	return hash[:8]
+}
+
+// RemoveSha remove image sha from a string that are added in some docker outputs
+func RemoveSha(str string) string {
+	return strings.Split(str, "@")[0]
+}
+
+// HumanDuration from docker/cli RunningFor() to be accessible outside of the class
+func HumanDuration(timestamp int64) string {
+	date := time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
+	now := time.Now().UTC()
+	return units.HumanDuration(now.Sub(date)) + " ago"
+}
+
+// CreateTable prepares a table layout for output.
+func CreateTable(columns []string) *jsontable.JSONTable {
+	table := jsontable.NewJSONTable(os.Stdout)
+	table.SetAutoWrapText(false)
+	table.SetHeader(columns)
+	return table
+}
+
+// CreateProgressbar generates a progress bar
+func CreateProgressbar(length int, title string) *progressbar.ProgressBar {
+	return progressbar.NewOptions(
+		length,
+		progressbar.OptionClearOnFinish(),
+		progressbar.OptionSetPredictTime(false),
+		progressbar.OptionShowCount(),
+		progressbar.OptionFullWidth(),
+		progressbar.OptionSetDescription(title),
+	)
+}
+
+// StripTagMeta strips front-matter image tag data that we don't need for parsing.
+func StripTagMeta(image string) string {
+	originalImage := image
+
+	if strings.Contains(image, "docker.io") {
+		image = strings.Split(image, "/")[1]
+	}
+
+	if strings.Contains(image, "library") {
+		image = strings.Split(image, "/")[1]
+	}
+
+	if originalImage != image {
+		logrus.Debugf("stripped %s to %s for parsing", originalImage, image)
+	}
+
+	return image
+}
+
+// ByteCountSI presents a human friendly representation of a byte count. See
+// https://yourbasic.org/golang/formatting-byte-size-to-human-readable-format.
+func ByteCountSI(b uint64) string {
+	const unit = 1000
+
+	if b < unit {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d B", b)
+	}
+
+	div, exp := uint64(unit), 0
+	for n := b / unit; n >= unit; n /= unit {
+		div *= unit
+		exp++
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f %cB", float64(b)/float64(div), "kMGTPE"[exp])
+}

pkg/git/branch.go

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package git
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5"
+	"github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// Check if a branch exists in a repo. Use this and not repository.Branch(),
+// because the latter does not actually check for existing branches. See
+// https://github.com/gogit/gogit/issues/518 for more.
+func HasBranch(repository *git.Repository, name string) bool {
+	var exist bool
+
+	if iter, err := repository.Branches(); err == nil {
+		iterFunc := func(reference *plumbing.Reference) error {
+			if name == reference.Name().Short() {
+				exist = true
+				return nil
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+		_ = iter.ForEach(iterFunc)
+	}
+
+	return exist
+}
+
+// GetCurrentBranch retrieves the current branch of a repository.
+func GetCurrentBranch(repository *git.Repository) (string, error) {
+	branchRefs, err := repository.Branches()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	headRef, err := repository.Head()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	var currentBranchName string
+	err = branchRefs.ForEach(func(branchRef *plumbing.Reference) error {
+		if branchRef.Hash() == headRef.Hash() {
+			currentBranchName = branchRef.Name().String()
+
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return currentBranchName, nil
+}
+
+// GetDefaultBranch retrieves the default branch of a repository.
+func GetDefaultBranch(repo *git.Repository, repoPath string) (plumbing.ReferenceName, error) {
+	branch := "master"
+
+	if !HasBranch(repo, "master") {
+		if !HasBranch(repo, "main") {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to select default branch in %s", repoPath)
+		}
+		branch = "main"
+	}
+
+	return plumbing.ReferenceName(fmt.Sprintf("refs/heads/%s", branch)), nil
+}
+
+// CheckoutDefaultBranch checks out the default branch of a repository.
+func CheckoutDefaultBranch(repo *git.Repository, repoPath string) (plumbing.ReferenceName, error) {
+	branch, err := GetDefaultBranch(repo, repoPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return plumbing.ReferenceName(""), err
+	}
+
+	worktree, err := repo.Worktree()
+	if err != nil {
+		return plumbing.ReferenceName(""), err
+	}
+
+	checkOutOpts := &git.CheckoutOptions{
+		Create: false,
+		Force:  true,
+		Branch: branch,
+	}
+
+	if err := worktree.Checkout(checkOutOpts); err != nil {
+		logrus.Debugf("failed to check out %s in %s", branch, repoPath)
+		return branch, err
+	}
+
+	logrus.Debugf("successfully checked out %v in %s", branch, repoPath)
+
+	return branch, nil
+}